Iain McLean
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199546954
- eISBN:
- 9780191720031
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199546954.003.0014
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, UK Politics
Two contradictory Protestant truths. Nature of church establishment in England and Scotland. Its non‐existence in Wales and Northern Ireland. A confused archbishop. Prevalence of religious belief in ...
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Two contradictory Protestant truths. Nature of church establishment in England and Scotland. Its non‐existence in Wales and Northern Ireland. A confused archbishop. Prevalence of religious belief in the United Kingdom since 1851. Religion and social policy: variation in social attitudes between religious and non‐religious people in the United Kingdom. Withdrawal of Prime Minister from appointing bishops 2007: de facto disestablishment? Whether religious representatives have a role in a democratic parliament. Religious pluralism and charitable regulation. The theology of Calvinism from Andrew Melvill to the Percy case. Status of the Church of Scotland Act 1921.Less
Two contradictory Protestant truths. Nature of church establishment in England and Scotland. Its non‐existence in Wales and Northern Ireland. A confused archbishop. Prevalence of religious belief in the United Kingdom since 1851. Religion and social policy: variation in social attitudes between religious and non‐religious people in the United Kingdom. Withdrawal of Prime Minister from appointing bishops 2007: de facto disestablishment? Whether religious representatives have a role in a democratic parliament. Religious pluralism and charitable regulation. The theology of Calvinism from Andrew Melvill to the Percy case. Status of the Church of Scotland Act 1921.
Daniel K. Finn (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199858354
- eISBN:
- 9780199949472
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199858354.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Caritas in veritate (Charity in Truth) is the “social” encyclical of Pope Benedict XVI, one of many papal encyclicals over the last 120 years that address economic life. This volume ...
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Caritas in veritate (Charity in Truth) is the “social” encyclical of Pope Benedict XVI, one of many papal encyclicals over the last 120 years that address economic life. This volume analyzes the situation of the Church and the theological basis for Benedict’s thinking about the person, community, and the globalized economy. This book engages Benedict’s analysis of “relation,” the characteristics of contemporary social and economic relationships, and the implications of a relational, Trinitarian God for daily human life. Crucial here is the Pope’s notion of “reciprocity,” an economic relationship characterized by help freely given, but which forms an expectation that the recipient will “reciprocate,” either to the donor or, often, to someone else. This “logic of gift,” Benedict argues, should influence daily economic life, especially within what he calls “hybrid” firms, which make a profit and invest a share of that profit in service to needs outside the firm. Similarly, development—whether of an individual or of a nation—must be integral, neither simply economic nor personal nor psychological nor spiritual, but a comprehensive development that engages all dimensions of a flourishing human life. The chapters engage, extend, and critique Benedict’s views on these issues, as well as his call for deeper dialogue and a morally based transformation of social and economic structures.Less
Caritas in veritate (Charity in Truth) is the “social” encyclical of Pope Benedict XVI, one of many papal encyclicals over the last 120 years that address economic life. This volume analyzes the situation of the Church and the theological basis for Benedict’s thinking about the person, community, and the globalized economy. This book engages Benedict’s analysis of “relation,” the characteristics of contemporary social and economic relationships, and the implications of a relational, Trinitarian God for daily human life. Crucial here is the Pope’s notion of “reciprocity,” an economic relationship characterized by help freely given, but which forms an expectation that the recipient will “reciprocate,” either to the donor or, often, to someone else. This “logic of gift,” Benedict argues, should influence daily economic life, especially within what he calls “hybrid” firms, which make a profit and invest a share of that profit in service to needs outside the firm. Similarly, development—whether of an individual or of a nation—must be integral, neither simply economic nor personal nor psychological nor spiritual, but a comprehensive development that engages all dimensions of a flourishing human life. The chapters engage, extend, and critique Benedict’s views on these issues, as well as his call for deeper dialogue and a morally based transformation of social and economic structures.
Lenn E. Goodman
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195328820
- eISBN:
- 9780199870172
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328820.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
In this expanded text of his 2005 Gifford Lectures, the well‐known philosopher Lenn Goodman details how the Torah and the rabbinic Sages flesh out the demands of the Bible's core ethical imperative: ...
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In this expanded text of his 2005 Gifford Lectures, the well‐known philosopher Lenn Goodman details how the Torah and the rabbinic Sages flesh out the demands of the Bible's core ethical imperative: Love thy neighbor as thyself. The philosophy of monotheism and the ethics of charity, justice, and love, Goodman argues, go hand in hand, informing, enlarging, and enlightening one another: The idea of God's goodness infuses every practical and intellectual facet of the Judaic moral ideal. Our ethical commitments are deepened, broadened, and intensified by our understanding of God's love; our knowledge and love of God are enriched and given effect by our moral character and ethical practices.In a special “Q&A” section, Goodman continues the dialogue begun in Glasgow, addressing questions that arose in the lectures as to the place of the mitzvot or commandments in Judaism and comparing Christian, Muslim, and secular perspectives on divine commands and human obligations.Less
In this expanded text of his 2005 Gifford Lectures, the well‐known philosopher Lenn Goodman details how the Torah and the rabbinic Sages flesh out the demands of the Bible's core ethical imperative: Love thy neighbor as thyself. The philosophy of monotheism and the ethics of charity, justice, and love, Goodman argues, go hand in hand, informing, enlarging, and enlightening one another: The idea of God's goodness infuses every practical and intellectual facet of the Judaic moral ideal. Our ethical commitments are deepened, broadened, and intensified by our understanding of God's love; our knowledge and love of God are enriched and given effect by our moral character and ethical practices.
In a special “Q&A” section, Goodman continues the dialogue begun in Glasgow, addressing questions that arose in the lectures as to the place of the mitzvot or commandments in Judaism and comparing Christian, Muslim, and secular perspectives on divine commands and human obligations.
Charlotte Greenspan
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195111101
- eISBN:
- 9780199865703
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195111101.003.0018
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
This chapter begins by detailing the personal losses experienced by Dorothy in 1958, namely the death of Michael Todd in a plane crash on March 22; the death of her brother and collaborator, Herb ...
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This chapter begins by detailing the personal losses experienced by Dorothy in 1958, namely the death of Michael Todd in a plane crash on March 22; the death of her brother and collaborator, Herb Fields on March 24, due to a heart attack at age sixty; and the death of her husband just a few months later. It then describes her return to Broadway via the musical Sweet Charity in 1966.Less
This chapter begins by detailing the personal losses experienced by Dorothy in 1958, namely the death of Michael Todd in a plane crash on March 22; the death of her brother and collaborator, Herb Fields on March 24, due to a heart attack at age sixty; and the death of her husband just a few months later. It then describes her return to Broadway via the musical Sweet Charity in 1966.
Ciarán McCabe
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781786941572
- eISBN:
- 9781789629002
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781786941572.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
Beggars and begging were ubiquitous features of pre-Famine Irish society, yet have gone largely unexamined by historians. Begging, Charity and Religion in Pre-Famine Ireland explores at length for ...
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Beggars and begging were ubiquitous features of pre-Famine Irish society, yet have gone largely unexamined by historians. Begging, Charity and Religion in Pre-Famine Ireland explores at length for the first time the complex cultures of mendicancy, as well as how wider societal perceptions of and responses to begging were framed by social class, gender and religion. The study breaks new ground in exploring the challenges inherent in defining and measuring begging and alms-giving in pre-Famine Ireland, as well as the disparate ways in which mendicants were perceived by contemporaries. A discussion of the evolving role of parish vestries in the life of pre-Famine communities facilitates an examination of corporate responses to beggary, while a comprehensive analysis of the mendicity society movement, which flourished throughout Ireland in the three decades following 1815, highlights the significance of charitable societies and associational culture in responding to the perceived threat of mendicancy. The instance of the mendicity societies illustrates the extent to which Irish commentators and social reformers were influenced by prevailing theories and practices in the transatlantic world regarding the management of the poor and deviant. Drawing on a wide range of sources previously unused for the study of poverty and welfare, this book makes an important contribution to modern Irish social and ecclesiastical history.Less
Beggars and begging were ubiquitous features of pre-Famine Irish society, yet have gone largely unexamined by historians. Begging, Charity and Religion in Pre-Famine Ireland explores at length for the first time the complex cultures of mendicancy, as well as how wider societal perceptions of and responses to begging were framed by social class, gender and religion. The study breaks new ground in exploring the challenges inherent in defining and measuring begging and alms-giving in pre-Famine Ireland, as well as the disparate ways in which mendicants were perceived by contemporaries. A discussion of the evolving role of parish vestries in the life of pre-Famine communities facilitates an examination of corporate responses to beggary, while a comprehensive analysis of the mendicity society movement, which flourished throughout Ireland in the three decades following 1815, highlights the significance of charitable societies and associational culture in responding to the perceived threat of mendicancy. The instance of the mendicity societies illustrates the extent to which Irish commentators and social reformers were influenced by prevailing theories and practices in the transatlantic world regarding the management of the poor and deviant. Drawing on a wide range of sources previously unused for the study of poverty and welfare, this book makes an important contribution to modern Irish social and ecclesiastical history.
John McCallum
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781474427272
- eISBN:
- 9781474453929
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474427272.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Scottish Studies
This book analyses poor relief in the century or so after the Scottish Reformation of 1560. In doing so it challenges the assumption that Scottish poor relief was weak, informal and haphazard because ...
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This book analyses poor relief in the century or so after the Scottish Reformation of 1560. In doing so it challenges the assumption that Scottish poor relief was weak, informal and haphazard because it was run by the Protestant church rather than the state, as in England (all too often the yardstick against which Scotland is measured). Instead, the book explores the substantial welfare work carried out by Scottish parishes, and examines in detail how the system operated as well as those who benefitted from it. The rich but under-utilised parish records which are the focus of the study reveal not just the relief efforts themselves, but also provide a rare insight into the lives of poor Scots whom pre-modern historians often struggle to glimpse. The book will therefore appeal to a wide range of scholars of early modern Scotland, of poverty and its relief, and of the Reformation.Less
This book analyses poor relief in the century or so after the Scottish Reformation of 1560. In doing so it challenges the assumption that Scottish poor relief was weak, informal and haphazard because it was run by the Protestant church rather than the state, as in England (all too often the yardstick against which Scotland is measured). Instead, the book explores the substantial welfare work carried out by Scottish parishes, and examines in detail how the system operated as well as those who benefitted from it. The rich but under-utilised parish records which are the focus of the study reveal not just the relief efforts themselves, but also provide a rare insight into the lives of poor Scots whom pre-modern historians often struggle to glimpse. The book will therefore appeal to a wide range of scholars of early modern Scotland, of poverty and its relief, and of the Reformation.
DAVID WRIGHT
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199246397
- eISBN:
- 9780191715235
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199246397.003.008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
The Earlswood Charity which ran on an election system was established by the clergyman-philanthropist Andrew Reed. During the 1850s and 1860s the election system proved to be remarkably popular. ...
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The Earlswood Charity which ran on an election system was established by the clergyman-philanthropist Andrew Reed. During the 1850s and 1860s the election system proved to be remarkably popular. Thousands of subscribers flocked to the fledgling charity, and by 1860 patients were being elected with more than 10,000 votes each. Over the course of the same period the charity experienced a remarkable increase in its annual income despite the fact that it was more vulnerable than other medical charities to the volatility of annual subscriptions. With the emergence of regional idiot asylums, the Earlswood Asylum scrambled to reposition itself as the national asylum of England. The Board needed income from fees, but did not want to compromise its appeal as a charity for idiot children of poor families. Despite the best intentions of its supporters, the Earlswood Asylum, like many other charitable institutions of the Victorian period, lurched from financial crisis to financial crisis.Less
The Earlswood Charity which ran on an election system was established by the clergyman-philanthropist Andrew Reed. During the 1850s and 1860s the election system proved to be remarkably popular. Thousands of subscribers flocked to the fledgling charity, and by 1860 patients were being elected with more than 10,000 votes each. Over the course of the same period the charity experienced a remarkable increase in its annual income despite the fact that it was more vulnerable than other medical charities to the volatility of annual subscriptions. With the emergence of regional idiot asylums, the Earlswood Asylum scrambled to reposition itself as the national asylum of England. The Board needed income from fees, but did not want to compromise its appeal as a charity for idiot children of poor families. Despite the best intentions of its supporters, the Earlswood Asylum, like many other charitable institutions of the Victorian period, lurched from financial crisis to financial crisis.
Julian Rivers
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199226108
- eISBN:
- 9780191594243
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199226108.003.0005
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
Public religion is not a familiar category to English lawyers. This chapter shows that it is well-grounded in two main areas of law: the registration of places of worship and the law of charities. In ...
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Public religion is not a familiar category to English lawyers. This chapter shows that it is well-grounded in two main areas of law: the registration of places of worship and the law of charities. In the case of registration for worship, the avoidance of criminal penalties for unregistered worship is long obsolete and access to privileges obsolescent. Recent changes to the law of charities raise new questions about the definition of charitable religion, and have exposed a secularizing tendency on the part of the Charity Commission. Religious bodies have also lost autonomy as a result of new obligations to account to the Commission. Finally, and by contrast, the ‘ecclesiastical exemption’ continues to offer certain religious bodies an independent role in planning and conservation law.Less
Public religion is not a familiar category to English lawyers. This chapter shows that it is well-grounded in two main areas of law: the registration of places of worship and the law of charities. In the case of registration for worship, the avoidance of criminal penalties for unregistered worship is long obsolete and access to privileges obsolescent. Recent changes to the law of charities raise new questions about the definition of charitable religion, and have exposed a secularizing tendency on the part of the Charity Commission. Religious bodies have also lost autonomy as a result of new obligations to account to the Commission. Finally, and by contrast, the ‘ecclesiastical exemption’ continues to offer certain religious bodies an independent role in planning and conservation law.
Jonathan Benthall
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781784993085
- eISBN:
- 9781526124005
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781784993085.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Middle Eastern Cultural Anthropology
This book is the fruit of twenty years’ reflection on Islamic charities, both in practical terms and as a key to understand the crisis in contemporary Islam. On the one hand Islam is undervalued as a ...
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This book is the fruit of twenty years’ reflection on Islamic charities, both in practical terms and as a key to understand the crisis in contemporary Islam. On the one hand Islam is undervalued as a global moral and political force whose admirable qualities are exemplified in its strong tradition of charitable giving. On the other hand, it suffers from a crisis of authority that cannot be blamed entirely on the history of colonialism and stigmatization to which Muslims have undoubtedly been subjected – most recently, as a result of the “war on terror”.
The book consists of seventeen previously published chapters, with a general Introduction and new prefatory material for each chapter. The first nine chapters review the current situation of Islamic charities from many different viewpoints – theological, historical, diplomatic, legal, sociological and ethnographic – with first-hand data from the United States, Britain, Israel–Palestine, Mali and Indonesia. Chapters 10 to 17 expand the coverage to explore the potential for a twenty-first century “Islamic humanism” that would be devised by Muslims in the light of the human sciences and institutionalized throughout the Muslim world. This means addressing contentious topics such as religious toleration and the meaning of jihad.
The intended readership includes academics and students at all levels, professionals concerned with aid and development, and all who have an interest in the future of Islam.Less
This book is the fruit of twenty years’ reflection on Islamic charities, both in practical terms and as a key to understand the crisis in contemporary Islam. On the one hand Islam is undervalued as a global moral and political force whose admirable qualities are exemplified in its strong tradition of charitable giving. On the other hand, it suffers from a crisis of authority that cannot be blamed entirely on the history of colonialism and stigmatization to which Muslims have undoubtedly been subjected – most recently, as a result of the “war on terror”.
The book consists of seventeen previously published chapters, with a general Introduction and new prefatory material for each chapter. The first nine chapters review the current situation of Islamic charities from many different viewpoints – theological, historical, diplomatic, legal, sociological and ethnographic – with first-hand data from the United States, Britain, Israel–Palestine, Mali and Indonesia. Chapters 10 to 17 expand the coverage to explore the potential for a twenty-first century “Islamic humanism” that would be devised by Muslims in the light of the human sciences and institutionalized throughout the Muslim world. This means addressing contentious topics such as religious toleration and the meaning of jihad.
The intended readership includes academics and students at all levels, professionals concerned with aid and development, and all who have an interest in the future of Islam.
Michael T. Gilmore
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195157765
- eISBN:
- 9780199787784
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195157765.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature
This chapter investigates three of the foundational texts of American culture: John Winthrop’s Model of Christian Charity, William Penn’s plan for the city of Philadelphia, and Thomas Jeffersons ...
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This chapter investigates three of the foundational texts of American culture: John Winthrop’s Model of Christian Charity, William Penn’s plan for the city of Philadelphia, and Thomas Jeffersons Declaration of Independence. Each document is analyzed in itself and as a prototype for later cultural practices. Legacies include religious and psychological confessionalism; phrenology; the grid system of the American landscape; the passion for numeracy; and the occlusion of racial minorities, especially Blacks.Less
This chapter investigates three of the foundational texts of American culture: John Winthrop’s Model of Christian Charity, William Penn’s plan for the city of Philadelphia, and Thomas Jeffersons Declaration of Independence. Each document is analyzed in itself and as a prototype for later cultural practices. Legacies include religious and psychological confessionalism; phrenology; the grid system of the American landscape; the passion for numeracy; and the occlusion of racial minorities, especially Blacks.
Ernie Lepore and Kirk Ludwig
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199251346
- eISBN:
- 9780191602634
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199251347.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
Donald Davidson (1917–2003) was one of the most important philosophers of the late twentieth century. This book provides a systematic exposition and clarification of his work in the philosophy of ...
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Donald Davidson (1917–2003) was one of the most important philosophers of the late twentieth century. This book provides a systematic exposition and clarification of his work in the philosophy of language and the theory of meaning, and of his contributions to the philosophy of mind, metaphysics, and epistemology that spring from it. In addition, it offers a critical assessment of Davidson’s program. The book is divided into three parts. The first part provides an historical introduction to Davidson’s program of truth-theoretic semantics and defends it against a variety of criticisms. The second part examines the foundations and prospects for the project of radical interpretation, including the grounding of the Principle of Charity, the indeterminacy of interpretation, and the reality of language. The third part examines a number of important conclusions that Davidson has argued for on the basis of reflection on the project of radical interpretation, including the impossibility of alternative conceptual schemes, the impossibility of massive error, the nature and grounding of first person authority, the inscrutability of reference, and the necessity of language for thought. The book argues for the soundness of the truth-theoretic approach to the theory of meaning, but argues that the project of radical interpretation fails, and that most of Davidson’s most important theses based on it cannot be adequately supported.Less
Donald Davidson (1917–2003) was one of the most important philosophers of the late twentieth century. This book provides a systematic exposition and clarification of his work in the philosophy of language and the theory of meaning, and of his contributions to the philosophy of mind, metaphysics, and epistemology that spring from it. In addition, it offers a critical assessment of Davidson’s program. The book is divided into three parts. The first part provides an historical introduction to Davidson’s program of truth-theoretic semantics and defends it against a variety of criticisms. The second part examines the foundations and prospects for the project of radical interpretation, including the grounding of the Principle of Charity, the indeterminacy of interpretation, and the reality of language. The third part examines a number of important conclusions that Davidson has argued for on the basis of reflection on the project of radical interpretation, including the impossibility of alternative conceptual schemes, the impossibility of massive error, the nature and grounding of first person authority, the inscrutability of reference, and the necessity of language for thought. The book argues for the soundness of the truth-theoretic approach to the theory of meaning, but argues that the project of radical interpretation fails, and that most of Davidson’s most important theses based on it cannot be adequately supported.
Ernie Lepore and Kirk Ludwig
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199251346
- eISBN:
- 9780191602634
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199251347.003.0013
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
Discusses the procedure of the radical interpreter, and in particular, the role of a truth theory for the subject’s language, how it motivates the introduction of a the Principle of Charity, roughly ...
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Discusses the procedure of the radical interpreter, and in particular, the role of a truth theory for the subject’s language, how it motivates the introduction of a the Principle of Charity, roughly that a speaker is to be taken to have largely true general beliefs and largely true particular beliefs about his environment, and three interpretations of the principle. Argues for one of the interpretations but also that it is not sufficient for the work Davidson needs it to do and that a slightly different and stronger principle is needed which we call ‘Grace’. Ends with an account of the major stages of the procedure.Less
Discusses the procedure of the radical interpreter, and in particular, the role of a truth theory for the subject’s language, how it motivates the introduction of a the Principle of Charity, roughly that a speaker is to be taken to have largely true general beliefs and largely true particular beliefs about his environment, and three interpretations of the principle. Argues for one of the interpretations but also that it is not sufficient for the work Davidson needs it to do and that a slightly different and stronger principle is needed which we call ‘Grace’. Ends with an account of the major stages of the procedure.
Ernie Lepore and Kirk Ludwig
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199251346
- eISBN:
- 9780191602634
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199251347.003.0014
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
Takes up the question of how to justify the Principle of Charity. Three a priori arguments are examined, the argument from the holism of attitude content, the argument to the best explanation of ...
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Takes up the question of how to justify the Principle of Charity. Three a priori arguments are examined, the argument from the holism of attitude content, the argument to the best explanation of human beings and their place in the natural world, and the argument from the necessity of radical interpretation. Difficulties are raised for each of these arguments.Less
Takes up the question of how to justify the Principle of Charity. Three a priori arguments are examined, the argument from the holism of attitude content, the argument to the best explanation of human beings and their place in the natural world, and the argument from the necessity of radical interpretation. Difficulties are raised for each of these arguments.
Ernie Lepore and Kirk Ludwig
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199251346
- eISBN:
- 9780191602634
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199251347.003.0021
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
Discusses Davidson’s arguments against the impossibility of massive error and for externalism about thought content. Two main arguments are distinguished, the omniscient interpreter argument and the ...
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Discusses Davidson’s arguments against the impossibility of massive error and for externalism about thought content. Two main arguments are distinguished, the omniscient interpreter argument and the argument from the Principle of Charity. The omniscient interpreter argument is criticized, but it is argued that the argument from the Principle of Charity is the more fundamental of the two arguments. This argument is shown to rely on a strong assumption about the publicity of language, which we argue is not supported by reflection on the social function of language.Less
Discusses Davidson’s arguments against the impossibility of massive error and for externalism about thought content. Two main arguments are distinguished, the omniscient interpreter argument and the argument from the Principle of Charity. The omniscient interpreter argument is criticized, but it is argued that the argument from the Principle of Charity is the more fundamental of the two arguments. This argument is shown to rely on a strong assumption about the publicity of language, which we argue is not supported by reflection on the social function of language.
LEON LITVACK
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198263517
- eISBN:
- 9780191682582
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198263517.003.0012
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This chapter discusses The Lazar–House of Leros, Neale’s last full-length Eastern novel. It was published in 1859, shortly after The Lily of Tiflis and as part of the same series. He tells two ...
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This chapter discusses The Lazar–House of Leros, Neale’s last full-length Eastern novel. It was published in 1859, shortly after The Lily of Tiflis and as part of the same series. He tells two interconnected stories in the novel. One, with the historical basis, deals with the last years of Cyril Loukaris, or Lucar, Neale’s hero in The Patriarchate of Alexandria. The other, which is fictional, follows the life of Sophia, a young girl from Leros, who becomes a Sister of Charity. In the case of Loukaris, it allowed Neale to place in his hero the words which Neale could use to plead the Patriarch’s case. In the case of Sophia, it gave him a vehicle for psychological exploration of the motivations behind the religious life, in an effort to make it attractive to his readers.Less
This chapter discusses The Lazar–House of Leros, Neale’s last full-length Eastern novel. It was published in 1859, shortly after The Lily of Tiflis and as part of the same series. He tells two interconnected stories in the novel. One, with the historical basis, deals with the last years of Cyril Loukaris, or Lucar, Neale’s hero in The Patriarchate of Alexandria. The other, which is fictional, follows the life of Sophia, a young girl from Leros, who becomes a Sister of Charity. In the case of Loukaris, it allowed Neale to place in his hero the words which Neale could use to plead the Patriarch’s case. In the case of Sophia, it gave him a vehicle for psychological exploration of the motivations behind the religious life, in an effort to make it attractive to his readers.
Sally Mayall Brasher
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781526119285
- eISBN:
- 9781526128393
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526119285.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
Medieval hospitals in Italy, originally intended to house pilgrims and comfort the dying, evolved from religious institutions reflecting communal and personal piety to civic facilities intended to ...
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Medieval hospitals in Italy, originally intended to house pilgrims and comfort the dying, evolved from religious institutions reflecting communal and personal piety to civic facilities intended to provide a comprehensive social welfare and medical service to the urban community. The founding and management of hospitals provided a means for the acquisition of political power and social status for the new urban elites. Brasher’s study provides the first comprehensive examination of the foundation of small independent hospitals throughout the region beginning in the twelfth century and then considers the challenges to establishing and managing these institutions in the face of ecclesiastical and political interference over the succeeding three centuries. The resulting charitable institutions reflected a nexus of lay initiative, religious culture, and civic political life. The independent nature of the individual hospitals has made generalization difficult, yet through a comprehensive examination of evidence from over 175 hospitals, the volume covers a wide geographic and chronological expanse to create a picture of the internal life of the institutions and their place within the urban community. The rise of the central, civic hospital of the fifteenth century, generally seen as a particular phenomenon of the Renaissance, is placed in the context of its earlier origins. The book will be of interest to students and researchers of medieval social, religious, or urban history.Less
Medieval hospitals in Italy, originally intended to house pilgrims and comfort the dying, evolved from religious institutions reflecting communal and personal piety to civic facilities intended to provide a comprehensive social welfare and medical service to the urban community. The founding and management of hospitals provided a means for the acquisition of political power and social status for the new urban elites. Brasher’s study provides the first comprehensive examination of the foundation of small independent hospitals throughout the region beginning in the twelfth century and then considers the challenges to establishing and managing these institutions in the face of ecclesiastical and political interference over the succeeding three centuries. The resulting charitable institutions reflected a nexus of lay initiative, religious culture, and civic political life. The independent nature of the individual hospitals has made generalization difficult, yet through a comprehensive examination of evidence from over 175 hospitals, the volume covers a wide geographic and chronological expanse to create a picture of the internal life of the institutions and their place within the urban community. The rise of the central, civic hospital of the fifteenth century, generally seen as a particular phenomenon of the Renaissance, is placed in the context of its earlier origins. The book will be of interest to students and researchers of medieval social, religious, or urban history.
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226653631
- eISBN:
- 9780226653662
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226653662.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter discusses the impact of Second World War on the social work of the Charity Organization Society in Melbourne. It explains that the war forced the government to do more for the poor and ...
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This chapter discusses the impact of Second World War on the social work of the Charity Organization Society in Melbourne. It explains that the war forced the government to do more for the poor and the number of cases handled by the COS declined significantly from 1938 to 1947 because of the growth of public welfare. In 1936 the COS was renamed the Citizens Welfare Service and then the Family Welfare Association to indicate its shift of focus on family counseling and situations in which material aid would only be a minor factor.Less
This chapter discusses the impact of Second World War on the social work of the Charity Organization Society in Melbourne. It explains that the war forced the government to do more for the poor and the number of cases handled by the COS declined significantly from 1938 to 1947 because of the growth of public welfare. In 1936 the COS was renamed the Citizens Welfare Service and then the Family Welfare Association to indicate its shift of focus on family counseling and situations in which material aid would only be a minor factor.
Kirk. Ludwig
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195145397
- eISBN:
- 9780199752393
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195145399.003.0018
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
Ludwig deals with the relations between language, thought, and rationality, and, especially, the role and status of assumptions about rationality in interpreting another’s speech and assigning ...
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Ludwig deals with the relations between language, thought, and rationality, and, especially, the role and status of assumptions about rationality in interpreting another’s speech and assigning contents to her psychological attitudes—her beliefs, desires, intentions, and so on. The chapter is organized around three questions: (1) What is the relation between rationality and thought? (2) What is the relation between rationality and language? (3) What is the relation between thought and language? Ludwig argues that some large degree of rationality is required for thought and consequently that same degree of rationality at least is required for language since language requires thought. Thought, however, does not require language. In answering questions (2) and (3), Ludwig gives particular attention to Davidson’s arguments for the Principle of Charity, according to which it is constitutive of speakers that they are largely rational and largely right about the world, and to Davidson’s arguments for the thesis that without the power of speech we lack the power of thought.Less
Ludwig deals with the relations between language, thought, and rationality, and, especially, the role and status of assumptions about rationality in interpreting another’s speech and assigning contents to her psychological attitudes—her beliefs, desires, intentions, and so on. The chapter is organized around three questions: (1) What is the relation between rationality and thought? (2) What is the relation between rationality and language? (3) What is the relation between thought and language? Ludwig argues that some large degree of rationality is required for thought and consequently that same degree of rationality at least is required for language since language requires thought. Thought, however, does not require language. In answering questions (2) and (3), Ludwig gives particular attention to Davidson’s arguments for the Principle of Charity, according to which it is constitutive of speakers that they are largely rational and largely right about the world, and to Davidson’s arguments for the thesis that without the power of speech we lack the power of thought.
Stacy Wolf
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195378238
- eISBN:
- 9780199897018
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195378238.003.0002
- Subject:
- Music, Popular, History, American
In the 1960s, the book musical still dominated; the story’s structure took precedence and songs enhanced the emotional aspect of the story. Different kinds of stories also appeared and more musicals ...
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In the 1960s, the book musical still dominated; the story’s structure took precedence and songs enhanced the emotional aspect of the story. Different kinds of stories also appeared and more musicals featured a woman as a central character rather than only as part of a heterosexual couple. This chapter focuses on 1960s musicals that featured women on stage alone in song and dance, but that weren’t sure whether to celebrate them or to punish them. It is organized around the social phenomenon of the 1960s Single Girl in Sweet Charity, Cabaret, Hello, Dolly!, Mame, Oliver!, and Man of La Mancha represent that figure (or a middle-aged version of her) on the Broadway musical stage. This chapter focuses on the convention of dance and movement and asks how those elements at once express anxiety about the single woman and greatly empower her.Less
In the 1960s, the book musical still dominated; the story’s structure took precedence and songs enhanced the emotional aspect of the story. Different kinds of stories also appeared and more musicals featured a woman as a central character rather than only as part of a heterosexual couple. This chapter focuses on 1960s musicals that featured women on stage alone in song and dance, but that weren’t sure whether to celebrate them or to punish them. It is organized around the social phenomenon of the 1960s Single Girl in Sweet Charity, Cabaret, Hello, Dolly!, Mame, Oliver!, and Man of La Mancha represent that figure (or a middle-aged version of her) on the Broadway musical stage. This chapter focuses on the convention of dance and movement and asks how those elements at once express anxiety about the single woman and greatly empower her.
Carol J. Singley
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199779390
- eISBN:
- 9780199895106
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199779390.003.0008
- Subject:
- Literature, American, 19th Century Literature
Edith Wharton’s Summer (1917) signals the death of romantic myths of adoption and nation building. Rescued from a renegade Mountain community, Charity bears a name ironically referencing acts of ...
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Edith Wharton’s Summer (1917) signals the death of romantic myths of adoption and nation building. Rescued from a renegade Mountain community, Charity bears a name ironically referencing acts of child saving in nineteenth-century adoption narratives. Reflecting the novel’s World War I context, Charity’s is a refugee, then a rebel, as she copes first with adoption by and then with marriage to her adoptive father after a brief love affair leaves her pregnant. Charity’s decision to raise rather than abort or abandon her child anticipates twentieth-century issues facing birth mothers, just as her marked ethnicity positions the novel in a larger dialogue about nationhood, race, and eugenics. Charity improves the quality of her lineage and implicitly of the nation but loses her bid for autonomy.Less
Edith Wharton’s Summer (1917) signals the death of romantic myths of adoption and nation building. Rescued from a renegade Mountain community, Charity bears a name ironically referencing acts of child saving in nineteenth-century adoption narratives. Reflecting the novel’s World War I context, Charity’s is a refugee, then a rebel, as she copes first with adoption by and then with marriage to her adoptive father after a brief love affair leaves her pregnant. Charity’s decision to raise rather than abort or abandon her child anticipates twentieth-century issues facing birth mothers, just as her marked ethnicity positions the novel in a larger dialogue about nationhood, race, and eugenics. Charity improves the quality of her lineage and implicitly of the nation but loses her bid for autonomy.
