Search Results

This chapter looks back at the challenges that rightist women faced in the rapidly changing American society during the three decades that followed World War II. It discusses how changes that included the worldwide spread of communism, the expanding black civil rights movement, and rapid advances in science, technology and medicine, combined with concerns about the futures of their rapidly growing families and the baby boom generation, led increasing numbers of people to speak out and act from the grassroots. The chapter describes links between the rightist women of the post-World War II era and rightist women of the 1930s and 1940s, and discusses ways in which the right itself underwent change during the post-war years. It shows how rightist women of this study are linked with the right-wing Tea Party movement of the 21^st century. Right-wing women were placing more emphasis on moral issues, and on the family. This chapter also reveals how right-wing women have taken full advantage of advances in media and technology to reach out to Americans who share their points of view. This has enabled their movement to grow considerably.

This chapter discusses what it is like for one individual with dementia living in a remote and rural area of Scotland. The benefits of living in a rural community are highlighted, as are the range of groups available that help the author to live well with dementia in her community. Self-help approaches are also discussed. Overall the chapter provides an inspiring account of a life well lived with dementia.

At the start of the twenty-first century, globalisation faces serious challenges. Since 9/11, particularly during the presidency of George W. Bush, US unilateralism has undermined the rule of law, as the US withdrew or undermined a number of international treaties. The Bush Administration also blocked reform of the IMF and World Bank, preventing emerging powers like China to play a more prominent role in global governance. And finally, the universality embedded in the World Trade Organization is being challenged by major regional trade agreements. As a result, the global architecture is fraying with the rise of nationalism and regional blocs. Moreover, the public is losing confidence in globalisation as governments fail to strengthen the global financial system in the wake of the 2007/8 credit crunch, and cannot agree to a strong treaty to counter climate change.

This chapter points out strength and weak elements of the gender mainstreaming strategy. On the one hand it represents one of the few attempts of installing a transnational strategy for gender equality proposing shared values and standards.Such a strategy boosted the development of a formal recognition of gender equality rights in institutions, workplaces and individual opinions. However, itentailsalso controversial aspects. For example, it still faces missteps in the conceptualisation of gender equality, with relevant consequences in the achievement of results. Furthermore, gender-equality policies have been marginalised progressively in the past decade as a result of political and institutional choices implemented at the European level and today risk being even more overlooked by the political debates at the national level. The future of gender equality depends by the awareness that establishing a legal basis for it is only the first step of a broader process that, to be effective, needs to promote a substantial cultural change within political, economic and social institutions, as well as public opinion.

This chapter describes the ordeal in securing final approvals of the Government for DPEP because of the disagreement between the Union Department of Education and Finance Ministry over the terms of passing the funds mobilized from agencies to the states. It also describes the successful negotiations with the World Bank and DPEP coming to be internationally acclaimed. It also describes the launch of DPEP and its implementational challenges.

No profession takes so many years of training yet results in a practice with so much regulation. It is not surprising that doctors might expect that after 7 to 10 years of training they will be considered sufficiently expert to wield a large degree of professional autonomy yet are often surprised to find people limiting or disputing their right to make decisions based on their perceived expertise. Lawyers trolling for plaintiffs, Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) limiting payments on the basis of performance, state licensing rules requiring Continuing Medical Education (CME) courses, patients asking too many questions when only 15 minutes have been scheduled: each of these common situations and more can create restrictions on professional judgment and become potential sources of physician stress. And that is only a tiny representation of the problems doctors face daily. It is not surprising that a number of physicians end up with drug and alcohol problems, even without the additional factor of unusually easy access to these drugs, which their profession also enables. Many American physicians see themselves by and large as an overworked and underappreciated lot; and the fact that the public sees them as relatively rich and powerful only adds to the sense of isolation or dissonance that some physicians feel.

This chapter summarizes some key findings of the book, discuss the challenges for, and opportunities of, the Sustainable Development Goals by identifying several conditions that might determine their successful implementation, and also suggest some possible avenues for further research. The approach of “global governance through goals”—and the Sustainable Development Goals as a prime example—is marked by a number of key characteristics, including its detachment from the international legal system, weak institutional arrangement, global inclusion and comprehensive goal-setting process, and granting much leeway to national choices and preferences. Those characteristics are reflected in the challenges for implementation, including those of developing indicators and institutional arrangements, tailoring implementation at national or stakeholder levels, and securing policy integration. Further research is needed in addressing these challenges, which requires inter- and transdisciplinary research development.

The author surveys contrasting models of political economy and social democratic efforts to reform labour markets and welfare states. The paradoxical conclusion is that social democratic parties have lost less electorally in countries where welfare states have been weaker and labour markets less regulated - the liberal welfare state countries. The severest challenges are faced by those social democratic parties that, historically, were builders or co-builders of large, highly decommodifying welfare states, as in the Nordic and continental-conservative countries. In Germany, social democrats have lost votes to the Greens and the Left Party while in the Nordic countries they have been outflanked by the mainstream conservatives, while losing to the populist right, both of whom have embraced welfarism.

In this chapter the Director of Policy and Research at the Joseph Rowntree Foundation,[ one of the major independent research and policy NGOs in the United Kingdom with a commitment to influence, inform and inspire social change], provides a tellingly honest and highly illuminating account of how the JRF conceives, develops and funds its research. This account of the way in which she and her colleagues seek to address the multiple challenges of working to develop research that will inform policy and practice provides a valuable benchmark for a comparative analysis of their own and other contexts. The chapter offers a counterpoint to the other chapters in revealing areas where the interests of the researcher and the funder may not comfortably come into alignment.

This concluding chapter first summarises the key findings of this book. It states that European integration - as an external constraint - cannot be made solely responsible for the erosion of intra-party democracy. Rather, it argues that the three centre-left parties have (to varying degrees) missed the opportunity to adapt their organisations to this multi-level reality. Despite recent attempts by the leaderships of the three parties to empower the grassroots, for example through the use of referendums and policy consultations, deep and meaningful debates on the European Union remain rare. As a consequence, the broader party organisations lack EU-savvy and the means to scrutinise the leadership. The chapter then reflects on intra-party democracy, power dynamics and accountability inside the parties of the centre-left. It argues that assembly-based modes of decision-making are slower and more cumbersome, but more suitable than direct democracy, when it comes to EU matters. Last but not least, this chapter highlights the current challenges faced by the centre-left in Europe, such as the lack of a coherent EU narrative and the adoption of right-wing policies.

This chapter sets out a series of recommendations for anyone who does not have dementia to consider based on the experience of living with dementia in rural Ireland. The author highlights how she has adapted to living with dementia and how her community has supported her as she strives to continue to live as well as she can with dementia and continue to remain socially connected. She provides an uplifting account of her success in living with dementia but sets out clearly the challenges that accompany being able to do so.

From the middle of the seventeenth century, the maritime industries helped Britain to build up a worldwide empire. Initially these industries were supported by government following mercantilist principles. However, once Britain had achieved worldwide maritime dominance, the industries were able to hold their own after 1850 when free trade replaced mercantilism as Britain's ruling economic orthodoxy. After the First World War the British maritime industries faced increasing challenges and how they adapted to them would guarantee their survival or not. By the 1960s it was clear that shipping, shipbuilding and ports were no longer able to compete on the world scene. The government now took direct action to try to ensure their modernisation and survival. It was soon clear this aid was too little too late in most cases. For several decades millions of pounds of tax payers money was wasted in supporting these industries. However, after 1984 the Thatcher government withdrew the last government aid and left the British maritime industries to sink or swim.

In this article, the author Maryse Condé and her husband and translator Richard Philcox exchange views on the challenges and role of translation as well as its positive and negative aspects. These include the threat posed by translation to the author's voice, the challenges associated with translating Creole terms, the author's and translator's senses of vocation, their relationship to each other and to the texts they are writing/translating, and the difficulties of getting published.

Stalking in its broad sense and different forms within the spectrum of sexual violence has been an omnipresent characteristic of interpersonal relationships ranging from persistent and/or unwanted courtship and attention, harassment, obsessive following to threats, physical violence and murder. Yet it has only recently been criminalised in the UK after a series of high-profile cases and continuous calls and campaigns by families of victims and charities for more effective punishment of perpetrators. And while the criminalisation of stalking has brought about some positive changes including the acknowledgement of the harms suffered by victims of this type of abuse, it is crucial to bear in mind that this behaviour has been out there for a very long time in the form of the ‘everyday intrusions’ (as Betsy Stanko succinctly describes) that (mostly) women have had to endure and accommodate in their lives and as such tackling it requires a deeper investigation of its causes and a multifaceted approach. This chapter will look at current strategies and proposed measures for preventing and managing stalking (e.g. multi-agency interventions) and problematize them in light of empirical work and recent international movements. As Walklate in her chapter about sexual violence stresses it is often the case that preventive strategies aim to help and protect victims by addressing different factors and assessing risks but fail to take into account and question the socio-cultural context that enables and fosters these behaviours in the first place. Implications for future practice will be considered and discussed.

The role of research in universities in India and elsewhere is inseparable from the aims of research as knowledge creation and from the broader context of knowledge creation in the educational process. The purpose of this chapter is to reflect on the basic purpose of knowledge creation in the university and then examine the responsibilities of the university for promoting knowledge creation in a range of fields of investigation and levels of learning, as well as the ethical standards that apply. The conclusion will address the uncertain future of knowledge creation in the university and the alternative models for change.

This chapter describes the evolution of social work science in relationship to the development of the Grand Challenges for Social Work Initiative. The two initiatives, which took root in the field in close to the same period, created a mutually supportive, synergistic environment that benefitted both. Social work science, grounded in critical realism, embraces methodological approaches supportive of the fundamental principles of the social work profession and contributes to both the scientific identity needed for the stewards of the profession of social work and the scientific pipeline for the Grand Challenges for Social Work. An initiative of the American Academy of Social Work and Social Welfare, the Grand Challenges for Social Work delineate bold innovations and collective action powered by proven and evolving scientific interventions to address critical social issues facing society today. This chapter discusses how this work helps to both develop and derive support from social work science.

This chapter attempts an objective appraisal of what DPEP accomplished and what it did not, describes the transformation of DPEP into Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), and outlines the common features and differences of DPEP and SSA. It also describes the ‘phenomenon’ of para-teachers and critiques the reliance on para-teachers to improve teacher–pupil ratio. It critiques of the competing theories of pedagogy, and examines the functioning of private schools and their relevance for educational development. It describes and critiques the internationally acclaimed Education Guarantee Scheme of Madhya Pradesh. It outlines the challenges ahead and the stresses the importance of focussing on learning outcomes and of ensuring that private schools are not left out of the efforts to improve quality and learning outcomes.

The night that Tia gave birth to baby Tyrone, I went home to my flat, locked the door and sank into the bath. Thoughts raced around my head as I topped up the hot water several times, turning the tap on and off with my toes. I didn’t want to get out of the bath because I didn’t know what to do next. I’d seen a fair bit of contemporary homelessness by that point and found it to be unjust, understudied, characterized by gallows humour and ugly, in equal measure. Tyrone’s croaky voice rang in my ears. ‘She had to score, Marmite! She don’t want to go back.’ As I lay in the bath, I felt exhausted. I couldn’t decide whether to wimp out entirely, go to my old boss at the BBC and grovel for my job back, or stick with it, make contemporary homelessness the subject of a PhD and embark on serious fieldwork and doctoral study. I still couldn’t decide the next morning so, after walking the dogs at dawn, I went straight back to bed where I spent the entire day reading P. G. Wodehouse and eating toast. It was John Schofield, later my doctoral supervisor, who eventually persuaded me to make contemporary homelessness the subject of a PhD. When you write a postgraduate research proposal it is important that your research question is clearly articulated. The research context should be cogent and the theoretical novelty of the proposed research should be robust and convincing. A central element of the proposal should be a clear indication that you have thought carefully about any ethical implications that might arise from research and taken measures to address these. I duly wrote a research proposal in which I addressed these points and explained that I had fully considered the ethical implications of working with vulnerable homeless adults (and all homeless people are vulnerable by dint of the fact that they have nowhere safe to call home).

Placing the larger concepts of MGML, the notions of child-centred learning and key ideas of J. Krishnamurti on education at the centre of analysis, this chapter documents the translation of these concepts in everyday classroom life in a rural context of the satellite schools of Rishi Valley. It explores the ‘School in a box’ tool used in these schools and its instrumentality in engendering classroom processes that re-center the child’s autonomy in the learning process by rearranging the use of time, space, objects, and teacher-student relationships in the classroom. It also explores the learning and living continuum between the school and community life, and corporeal experience of learning in the MGML classroom. It also discusses the challenges in the classroom including the management of multiple learning contexts in the MGML classroom and the dual role of the teacher as facilitator and continuous assessor.

The development of connectivity infrastructure between India and ASEAN through Northeast India has been presented as a way forward for Northeast India to address its current state of underdevelopment. New Delhi increasingly presents the development of the region as integral to its efforts towards greater integration with its eastern neighbours under the aegis of its Look East Policy. Some of the internal and external strategic compulsions that prevented the region from being opened up[ continue to persist. There are greater development challenges within the region if it were to benefit from opening up and integration with Southeast Asia. Further, if the region is to meaningfully become part of a new economic dynamism, there is a need to reconsider the current limited context within which New Delhi seeks to open it out. This requires addressing difficult issues with neighbors with whom India has not always had cordial relations.