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This chapter presents Theodor Meron's speech at Potočari Memorial Cemetery. He shares his special wish to visit the cemetery because he had the privilege of sitting as the Presiding Judge in the appeal which, for the first time, judicially recognized the crimes committed against the Bosnian Muslims in Srebrenica in 1995 as genocide. In that case, named Prosecutor versus Radislav Krstič, the Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia convicted one of the leaders of the Bosnian Serb assault on Srebrenica, General Radislav Krstič, for aiding and abetting genocide. In honor of the memory of the many victims of this crime lying in this cemetery, Meron reads a brief passage from the judgment in Krstič.

This chapter discusses the Hong Kong Cemetery, which was also known as the Protestant Cemetery and the Colonial Cemetery. It discusses Happy Valley and the Happy Valley racecourse, which is located below the Hong Kong Cemetery. Aside from discussing the history of the cemetery, the chapter also looks at the older cemeteries in Wan Chai and the different monuments found in the Hong Kong Cemetery.

Kristiane Janeke traces the history of the Moscow Brothers’ (Soldiers’) Cemetery, using the specific case of this memorial to wartime fallen as a springboard to a wider discussion of suppressed memories of the First World War in Russia. The chapter argues that remembrance of the war was deliberately stifled as part of the Bolshevik project of creating a new ideological identity for the fledgling Soviet regime. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, however, there have been efforts to restore Russians’ collective memory of the First World War.

A study of the historical evolution of the black church as agent of social reform could have no more authentic a setting than Savannah, Georgia. It is where the oldest continuous black congregation in all of North America can be found. And throughout its 225-year history (since 1773), the First African Baptist Church repeatedly has been drawn into the community to deal with social issues of a nonreligious nature. The Laurel Grove South Cemetery, located at the end of Victory Drive on the western edge of the city, is discussed. The contributions of Rev. George Leile, Rev. Andrew Bryan, Rev. Henry C. Cunningham and Rev. Andrew Marshall to the evolution of the black church in Savannah are described in detail.

This chapter focuses on memorials to African American history that suggest what might be said. One such memorial can be found in South Carolina's state capitol: a monument to Strom Thurmond, the former governor, senator, Dixiecrat presidential candidate, and staunch segregationist. Another is the Oak Grove Freedman's Cemetery Memorial in North Carolina, where African Americans were buried in a separate section. This chapter also highlights the complex and sometimes elusive connection between civil rights monuments and the civil rights movement. It views the monuments as memorials to a second Civil War and suggests that both the Civil War and civil rights activism constituted fundamental conflicts over the role of race in American society. It argues that the movement from civil rights memorials to African American history monuments and, finally, to memorials such as the Oak Grove Freedman's Cemetery Memorial imply a possible end to white supremacy that continues to pollute American politics.

This chapter discusses the merchant navy officers, owners, and their families who are buried in the Hong Kong Cemetery. The officers of the merchant navy vessels were considered to be the life blood of early Hong Kong, and they were responsible for providing the merchants with their goods. They were also tasked with bringing drinks, foodstuffs, and furnishings that were considered essential to the European's way of life. Some officers who worked for the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company Line are discussed as well.

Following the completion of his work on Darling Lili for Blake Edwards, Hermes Pan decided to retire. He began taking yearly trips to Rome and Teheran as the guest of the Shah of Iran, spending much time in the company of Princess Shams Pahlavi, the Shah’s sister. Coming out of retirement briefly, Hermes choreographed a soup commercial for Ann Miller and Stan Freberg, staged the dances in Lost Horizon for Ross Hunter at Columbia Pictures, and returned to Rome to stage the dances in Aiutami a sognare (Help Me Dream) for Pupi Avati. Pan spends his final years enjoying the adulation of peers culminating in the Joffrey Ballet salute on 18 March 1986 where he was presented the award by Fred Astaire. Hermes Pan died on 19 September and was buried in the mausoleum of Holy Cross Cemetery.

This chapter discusses the women and children who are buried in the Hong Kong Cemetery. It is stated that the average age of death for the fifty-four women found in the Cemetery from 1845 to 1860 was just over 31 years. Some of the women were army wives, while others managed to run their own businesses. Others had died during childbirth. Some of the women had given birth almost every year. Children were also at risk from ill health during this time, especially the infants and weaning babies, as the milk or water they drank could not be sterilized.

This chapter discusses the old timers. These were the type of settlers who are buried in Section 23 of the Hong Kong Cemetery. The people in this section died over a twenty-five period at the beginning of the twentieth century and had all kinds of employment. Aside from featuring a wide range of employment and an imbalance between men and women, Section 23 also contains people from a number of countries. The earliest grave in this section appears to be that of Frederick Stewart.

This chapter discusses the Chinese in the Hong Kong Cemetery, who represent a small but important minority group. The chapter categorizes them into seven distinct groups, namely: Chinese women married to Europeans, Chinese women married to Chinese, civil servants, Chinese men, professionals and businessmen, oversees returnees, and the members of the early Christian-educated group and associates of Dr. Sun Yat Sen. Sir Kai Ho Kai, Hung Chuen Fook, and Yeung Ku Wan are also discussed.

This chapter discusses other nationalities who are buried in the Hong Kong Cemetery. It begins by discussing the Japanese graves and the stories behind the people buried there. The other half of the chapter focuses on the Russian refugees buried in the Hong Kong Cemetery, two of whom are Dimitri Uspensky and George Vitalievich Smirnoff.

This chapter illustrates stories of the Second World War that are important to the history of the Hong Kong Cemetery. It discusses other events that happened during the postwar years, such as the discovery of unknown male bodies and the story of Cyril Wild, who had detailed knowledge of Japanese behavior towards the prisoners-of-war. It also looks at the Pearl River Incident and the final rearrangements made in the Hong Kong Cemetery in 1976.

The archaeology of religious monuments and of religious practice forms the subject of this chapter. The first section is devoted to the archaeology of the mosque, and uses three case studies to explore the ways in which these building were changed and adapted over time. These changes could occur through the patronage of different rulers or dynasties or simply because places of worship needed expand in order to accommodate a growing Muslim population. The second section looks at the archaeological study of Muslim burial, and questions why there should be divergences from the practices defined in Islamic law. The last section considers the experience of non-Muslim communities living under Islamic rule, with a particular emphasis upon the churches and synagogues of early Islamic Greater Syria.

This chapter discusses the introduction of the concept of the cemetery garden and its evolution in Hong Kong. In 1845, after Hong Kong was subjected to British rule, the Royal Engineers headed by Lieutenant T. B. Collinson sketched and established a cemetery in Wong Nei Chung which would later become Happy Valley. These once paddy field before the British invasion, the areas surrounding the flat lands of Happy Valley, became a place for the dead. In addition to discussing the introduction of the cemetery garden, the chapter addresses the issues of how Western cemetery design principles were applied in the British colony of Hong Kong, in particular with the creation and design of the Hong Kong Cemetery in Happy Valley. By the turn of the 1890s, the Hong Kong Cemetery had taken on a number of “Loudonesque” features. Although not as grand as its European city cemeteries, the Hong Kong Cemetery was in every aspect “Loudonesque.” While the Hong Kong Cemetery flourished as a cemetery garden, setting the role model for subsequent cemeteries particularly the local cemetery garden design, the Hong Kong Cemetery started to decline in the 1900s. The fall of the Hong Kong Cemetery was due to the increasing notion of cultural identity among Chinese nationals, the unfair allocation of cemetery space, the ravages of war, and the increasing urbanism, natural deterioration, and human error.

This chapter provides a guided tour that reveals the rich cultural heritage of the Hong Kong Cemetery. This chapter gives details and brief stories of several people interred in the cemetery and who serve as representations of the diversity of the cultures found within the Hong Kong Cemetery. Chronicles included in this chapter are: Karl Gutzlaff, a Christian missionary; Yeung Kui Wan, an assassinated political revolutionary; Constable Ernest Goucher, the victim of a tiger attack; a Corporal Joseph Hughes military hero; and Sir Kai Ho Kai, a successful businessman. In addition to providing chronicles of some of the prominent occupants of the Hong Kong Cemetery, the chapter also provides descriptions of early military memorials, ornamental fountains and plants, interesting monuments, nautical memorials, and memorials commemorating the deaths of several people.

This chapter provides suggestions on how the significant and natural heritage sources found in the Hong Kong Cemetery can be protected and preserved. Happy Valley is a significant historical landscape, and of the four cemeteries found along Happy Valley, the Hong Kong Cemetery is the oldest and the largest, not to mention the fact that it contains the oldest surviving colonial building in Hong Kong and it provides a valuable historic timeline of the evolution of the Hong Kong society. In this chapter three suggested steps are given that can help in the protection and preservation of the natural heritage of the Hong Kong Cemetery. These three steps that are discussed are: the protection of the cemetery as a historic cultural landscape; the preparation of a detailed conservation plan; and the participation of various stakeholder groups.