Luciano Canfora and Julian Stringer (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748619368
- eISBN:
- 9780748670734
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748619368.003.0036
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
Having related the reconciliation of Brutus and Cassius, Plutarch informs us that both began to get in touch with their friends. But he really only relates the steps taken by Brutus. According to ...
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Having related the reconciliation of Brutus and Cassius, Plutarch informs us that both began to get in touch with their friends. But he really only relates the steps taken by Brutus. According to Plutarch, Brutus received only two notes: both from persons who had had very close ties to Cato and would later die at Philippi in the republican ranks — Statilius and Favonius. Favonius, the fanatical Catonian, said that ‘civil war is worse than illegal monarchy’. Statilius was scornful, and said that ‘it did not become a wise and sensible man to be thrown into turmoil and peril for the sake of feeble and foolish folk’.Less
Having related the reconciliation of Brutus and Cassius, Plutarch informs us that both began to get in touch with their friends. But he really only relates the steps taken by Brutus. According to Plutarch, Brutus received only two notes: both from persons who had had very close ties to Cato and would later die at Philippi in the republican ranks — Statilius and Favonius. Favonius, the fanatical Catonian, said that ‘civil war is worse than illegal monarchy’. Statilius was scornful, and said that ‘it did not become a wise and sensible man to be thrown into turmoil and peril for the sake of feeble and foolish folk’.
Dorota M. Dutsch
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199533381
- eISBN:
- 9780191714757
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199533381.003.0004
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter is concerned with the instability of gender boundaries in comedy and with the gendering of instability in Roman culture. After a brief discussion of comedy's association of modus with ...
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This chapter is concerned with the instability of gender boundaries in comedy and with the gendering of instability in Roman culture. After a brief discussion of comedy's association of modus with masculinity, it turns to those instances in which the scripts of Plautus graft (allegedly) masculine attitudes onto feminine utterances or vice versa. The blending of genders in comedy is then compared with the rhetoric surrounding the suppression (in 186 BCE) of the Bacchic cult, which was criticized for endangering the masculinity of its initiates. It argues that Plautine comedy stresses the instability of gender roles and can be read as one voice adding to a larger ongoing debate on gender and boundaries.Less
This chapter is concerned with the instability of gender boundaries in comedy and with the gendering of instability in Roman culture. After a brief discussion of comedy's association of modus with masculinity, it turns to those instances in which the scripts of Plautus graft (allegedly) masculine attitudes onto feminine utterances or vice versa. The blending of genders in comedy is then compared with the rhetoric surrounding the suppression (in 186 BCE) of the Bacchic cult, which was criticized for endangering the masculinity of its initiates. It argues that Plautine comedy stresses the instability of gender roles and can be read as one voice adding to a larger ongoing debate on gender and boundaries.
J. H. W. Penney
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263327
- eISBN:
- 9780191734168
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263327.003.0002
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Prose and Writers: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter presents some of the trends observable in the scanty evidence for early Latin prose that deserve scrutiny and may perhaps shed some light on the development of the classical patterns. ...
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This chapter presents some of the trends observable in the scanty evidence for early Latin prose that deserve scrutiny and may perhaps shed some light on the development of the classical patterns. Comparison with the Sabellian languages may also be instructive in allowing the Italic background to be taken into account in any attempt to determine distinctive Latin practice. Discussion is largely confined to copulative conjunction, both of words or word groups and of clauses, either by asyndeton or with one of the conjunctions -que, atque (ac) and et, but it should be noted that even in the earliest inscriptions one can find examples of other modes of connection, such as the use of emphatically contrastive words, cf. The atque was well entrenched in early Latin, but Cato’s usage has suggested to many that it was a weightier variant. A careful examination of Plautus’ use of atque may perhaps one day offer some clues to a solution, but verse texts are inevitably problematic.Less
This chapter presents some of the trends observable in the scanty evidence for early Latin prose that deserve scrutiny and may perhaps shed some light on the development of the classical patterns. Comparison with the Sabellian languages may also be instructive in allowing the Italic background to be taken into account in any attempt to determine distinctive Latin practice. Discussion is largely confined to copulative conjunction, both of words or word groups and of clauses, either by asyndeton or with one of the conjunctions -que, atque (ac) and et, but it should be noted that even in the earliest inscriptions one can find examples of other modes of connection, such as the use of emphatically contrastive words, cf. The atque was well entrenched in early Latin, but Cato’s usage has suggested to many that it was a weightier variant. A careful examination of Plautus’ use of atque may perhaps one day offer some clues to a solution, but verse texts are inevitably problematic.
Henriette van der Blom
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199582938
- eISBN:
- 9780191723124
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199582938.003.0013
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
The Conclusion picks up and ties together the various strands in the analyses presented in the book. Cicero's choice of specific personal exempla is questioned to highlight individual concerns — ...
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The Conclusion picks up and ties together the various strands in the analyses presented in the book. Cicero's choice of specific personal exempla is questioned to highlight individual concerns — literary, rhetorical, and political. The flexibility in the choice and employment of personal exempla in Cicero's use is emphasized, as are the strong fluctuations in his use of individual exempla over time. The Conclusion also discusses the striking combination of nobiles and homines novi presented as Cicero's personal exempla and the effect of such combinations on Cicero's overall credibility as a politician. Finally, Cicero's rhetoric is placed in the literary and political contexts of his own time and subsequent generations, including Augustus' Forum. In the end, Cicero achieved his aim of being remembered by posterity.Less
The Conclusion picks up and ties together the various strands in the analyses presented in the book. Cicero's choice of specific personal exempla is questioned to highlight individual concerns — literary, rhetorical, and political. The flexibility in the choice and employment of personal exempla in Cicero's use is emphasized, as are the strong fluctuations in his use of individual exempla over time. The Conclusion also discusses the striking combination of nobiles and homines novi presented as Cicero's personal exempla and the effect of such combinations on Cicero's overall credibility as a politician. Finally, Cicero's rhetoric is placed in the literary and political contexts of his own time and subsequent generations, including Augustus' Forum. In the end, Cicero achieved his aim of being remembered by posterity.
Ann-Cathrin Harders
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199582570
- eISBN:
- 9780191595271
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199582570.003.0003
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
In Republican Rome, it was a father's task to instruct his son and turn him into a worthy representative of his family. However, social reality did not confirm the picture of an exclusive ...
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In Republican Rome, it was a father's task to instruct his son and turn him into a worthy representative of his family. However, social reality did not confirm the picture of an exclusive father-to-son relationship since the concept of imitatio patris was challenged by high mortality rates as well as divorce and remarriage. It can be shown that the fragmentation of Roman families was countered by substitute parenting, especially by cognate kin or by the single mother herself thereby offering an alternative role model. However, the primary aim of Roman socialization, the ideal of imitatio patris to perpetuate the agnatic lineage not only in name but also in action, was thus missed and was replaced with the exercise of imitatio alieni. To outline the alternatives to paternal socialization, four different cases of surrogate parenting is discussed in which the impact on the moulding of tradition can be observed.Less
In Republican Rome, it was a father's task to instruct his son and turn him into a worthy representative of his family. However, social reality did not confirm the picture of an exclusive father-to-son relationship since the concept of imitatio patris was challenged by high mortality rates as well as divorce and remarriage. It can be shown that the fragmentation of Roman families was countered by substitute parenting, especially by cognate kin or by the single mother herself thereby offering an alternative role model. However, the primary aim of Roman socialization, the ideal of imitatio patris to perpetuate the agnatic lineage not only in name but also in action, was thus missed and was replaced with the exercise of imitatio alieni. To outline the alternatives to paternal socialization, four different cases of surrogate parenting is discussed in which the impact on the moulding of tradition can be observed.
Robert Sallares
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199248506
- eISBN:
- 9780191714634
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199248506.003.0007
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
This chapter briefly discusses the history of malaria in the Maremma, the coastal region of Tuscany, in antiquity, with particular reference to Graviscae, the port of Tarquinia — the first locality ...
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This chapter briefly discusses the history of malaria in the Maremma, the coastal region of Tuscany, in antiquity, with particular reference to Graviscae, the port of Tarquinia — the first locality in respect of which a contemporary ancient source (Cato the Elder) provides evidence for the presence of endemic malaria in the 2nd century BC. Tiberius Gracchus’ observations of depopulation and the replacement of the original population by imported slave labour are related to the spread of malaria.Less
This chapter briefly discusses the history of malaria in the Maremma, the coastal region of Tuscany, in antiquity, with particular reference to Graviscae, the port of Tarquinia — the first locality in respect of which a contemporary ancient source (Cato the Elder) provides evidence for the presence of endemic malaria in the 2nd century BC. Tiberius Gracchus’ observations of depopulation and the replacement of the original population by imported slave labour are related to the spread of malaria.
Paul Russell
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195110333
- eISBN:
- 9780199872084
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195110333.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
Both the epigrams that Hume uses on the title‐pages of the Treatise of Human Nature are very significant and reveal his freethinking and irreligious aims and intentions.. More specifically, the ...
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Both the epigrams that Hume uses on the title‐pages of the Treatise of Human Nature are very significant and reveal his freethinking and irreligious aims and intentions.. More specifically, the epigram from Tacitus that appears in Books I and II was used not only by Spinoza, but also by his followers in the Collins‐Toland circle to proclaim their bold defense of freethinking. At the same time, the Lucan epigram that appears in Book III also appears prominently in Collins's Freethinking and carries the message of Cato, a model of stoic virtue and the oracle of pantheism, freedom of thought, and anti‐superstition. Beyond this, these two epigrams are also intimately connected with Hume's Hobbist title and plan for his Treatise. In this way, Hume's use of epigrams on the title page of the Treatise is a notable and illuminating example of “esoteric” communication.Less
Both the epigrams that Hume uses on the title‐pages of the Treatise of Human Nature are very significant and reveal his freethinking and irreligious aims and intentions.. More specifically, the epigram from Tacitus that appears in Books I and II was used not only by Spinoza, but also by his followers in the Collins‐Toland circle to proclaim their bold defense of freethinking. At the same time, the Lucan epigram that appears in Book III also appears prominently in Collins's Freethinking and carries the message of Cato, a model of stoic virtue and the oracle of pantheism, freedom of thought, and anti‐superstition. Beyond this, these two epigrams are also intimately connected with Hume's Hobbist title and plan for his Treatise. In this way, Hume's use of epigrams on the title page of the Treatise is a notable and illuminating example of “esoteric” communication.
Henriette van der Blom
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199582938
- eISBN:
- 9780191723124
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199582938.003.0005
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
Cicero was a homo novus, but what did that mean in a late republican context? In this chapter, the terms homo novus and nobilis are discussed. A discussion of the various definitions set out in ...
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Cicero was a homo novus, but what did that mean in a late republican context? In this chapter, the terms homo novus and nobilis are discussed. A discussion of the various definitions set out in modern scholarship and a close analysis of Cicero's flexible employment of the two terms are offered. It is argued that the variety of uses in the sources suggests that strict definitions are unhelpful and misleading; flexibility in terminology reflects better the political rhetoric of the late republic. Furthermore, Cicero's exploitation of an ideology of novitas which advocates true virtue to reside in new men as opposed to degenerate nobiles is situated within the context of the earlier oratory of Cato Maior and the later presentation of Marius in Sallust's Bellum Jugurthinum.Less
Cicero was a homo novus, but what did that mean in a late republican context? In this chapter, the terms homo novus and nobilis are discussed. A discussion of the various definitions set out in modern scholarship and a close analysis of Cicero's flexible employment of the two terms are offered. It is argued that the variety of uses in the sources suggests that strict definitions are unhelpful and misleading; flexibility in terminology reflects better the political rhetoric of the late republic. Furthermore, Cicero's exploitation of an ideology of novitas which advocates true virtue to reside in new men as opposed to degenerate nobiles is situated within the context of the earlier oratory of Cato Maior and the later presentation of Marius in Sallust's Bellum Jugurthinum.
John Kekes
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199546923
- eISBN:
- 9780191720109
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199546923.003.0010
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This chapter is about Cato whose moralizing style of life made him and those around him utterly miserable. His attitude was vanity, his manner self-righteous, and his dominant activity was to try to ...
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This chapter is about Cato whose moralizing style of life made him and those around him utterly miserable. His attitude was vanity, his manner self-righteous, and his dominant activity was to try to shore up the crumbling Roman Republic. His rigidity, refusal to compromise, and unfeeling moralism made him a precursor of a Kantian life that defeated his own purpose. The moral importance of self-knowledge and affection can be learnt here.Less
This chapter is about Cato whose moralizing style of life made him and those around him utterly miserable. His attitude was vanity, his manner self-righteous, and his dominant activity was to try to shore up the crumbling Roman Republic. His rigidity, refusal to compromise, and unfeeling moralism made him a precursor of a Kantian life that defeated his own purpose. The moral importance of self-knowledge and affection can be learnt here.
David Sansone
- Published in print:
- 1989
- Published Online:
- February 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780856684210
- eISBN:
- 9781800342811
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9780856684210.001.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Prose and Writers: Classical, Early, and Medieval
Plutarch's Lives have always attracted a large number of admirers, particularly because of his pragmatic concern with ethics and politics. But Plutarch intended his Lives to be read in pairs, an ...
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Plutarch's Lives have always attracted a large number of admirers, particularly because of his pragmatic concern with ethics and politics. But Plutarch intended his Lives to be read in pairs, an intention that is often ignored by those who treat these works as merely historical sources. This new text and translation provides the first commentary in English on the pair Aristeides and Cato. In addition to supplying commentary on historical, stylistic and textual matters, the book also explores Plutarch's purpose in comparing the fifth-century Greek statesman, Aristeides, with the second-century Roman, Cato the Elder. Greek text with facing translation, notes and introduction.Less
Plutarch's Lives have always attracted a large number of admirers, particularly because of his pragmatic concern with ethics and politics. But Plutarch intended his Lives to be read in pairs, an intention that is often ignored by those who treat these works as merely historical sources. This new text and translation provides the first commentary in English on the pair Aristeides and Cato. In addition to supplying commentary on historical, stylistic and textual matters, the book also explores Plutarch's purpose in comparing the fifth-century Greek statesman, Aristeides, with the second-century Roman, Cato the Elder. Greek text with facing translation, notes and introduction.
James Ker
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195387032
- eISBN:
- 9780199866793
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195387032.003.0003
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter shows how the earliest accounts of Seneca's death were shaped by the conventions of death writing in the Greco-Roman world, some of which were already in use in Plato's Phaedo and in the ...
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This chapter shows how the earliest accounts of Seneca's death were shaped by the conventions of death writing in the Greco-Roman world, some of which were already in use in Plato's Phaedo and in the accounts of Cato the Younger's suicide. These conventions, when applied to Seneca's death, serve more than one function in the broader representational edifices constructed by the three historians, particularly Tacitus. The telling of Seneca's death plays a pivotal role in three main stories: the arc of Seneca's life and career in Julio-Claudian Rome; the self-consciously literary story of tension between annalistic writing and the Exitus virorum illustrium; and the catalogue of executions and suicides in books 15 and 16 of the Annals.Less
This chapter shows how the earliest accounts of Seneca's death were shaped by the conventions of death writing in the Greco-Roman world, some of which were already in use in Plato's Phaedo and in the accounts of Cato the Younger's suicide. These conventions, when applied to Seneca's death, serve more than one function in the broader representational edifices constructed by the three historians, particularly Tacitus. The telling of Seneca's death plays a pivotal role in three main stories: the arc of Seneca's life and career in Julio-Claudian Rome; the self-consciously literary story of tension between annalistic writing and the Exitus virorum illustrium; and the catalogue of executions and suicides in books 15 and 16 of the Annals.
James Ker
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195387032
- eISBN:
- 9780199866793
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195387032.003.0004
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter identifies the ways in which Seneca's death can be understood as a performance of authorship, both as shaped by his literary career and as shaping his literary afterlife. It traces ...
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This chapter identifies the ways in which Seneca's death can be understood as a performance of authorship, both as shaped by his literary career and as shaping his literary afterlife. It traces Senecan echoes in Tacitus, arguing for a complex intertextual relationship with multiple works of Seneca. Next it surveys Seneca's genres and uses the testimony of Quintilian to speculate on early receptions of Seneca's writings. Within his oeuvre it identifies the diverse literary approaches Seneca adopted toward the representation of mortal experience. The exitus form, for example, is deployed in the description of Cato's death in the De providentia, and this can be read alongside Seneca's other exitus descriptions in the Dialogi and elsewhere, and other portrayals of Cato in different genres.Less
This chapter identifies the ways in which Seneca's death can be understood as a performance of authorship, both as shaped by his literary career and as shaping his literary afterlife. It traces Senecan echoes in Tacitus, arguing for a complex intertextual relationship with multiple works of Seneca. Next it surveys Seneca's genres and uses the testimony of Quintilian to speculate on early receptions of Seneca's writings. Within his oeuvre it identifies the diverse literary approaches Seneca adopted toward the representation of mortal experience. The exitus form, for example, is deployed in the description of Cato's death in the De providentia, and this can be read alongside Seneca's other exitus descriptions in the Dialogi and elsewhere, and other portrayals of Cato in different genres.
Daniel Stedman Jones
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691161013
- eISBN:
- 9781400851836
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691161013.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter explores how a transatlantic network of sympathetic businessmen and fundraisers, journalists and politicians, policy experts and academics grew and spread neoliberal ideas between the ...
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This chapter explores how a transatlantic network of sympathetic businessmen and fundraisers, journalists and politicians, policy experts and academics grew and spread neoliberal ideas between the 1940s and the 1970s. These individuals were successful at promoting ideas through a new type of political organization, the think tank. The first wave of neoliberal think tanks were set up in the 1940s and 1950s and included the American Enterprise Institute and the Foundation for Economic Education in the United States, and the Institute of Economic Affairs in Great Britain. A second wave of neoliberal think tanks were established in the 1970s, including the Centre for Policy Studies and the Adam Smith Institute in Great Britain, and the Heritage Foundation and the Cato Institute in the United States.Less
This chapter explores how a transatlantic network of sympathetic businessmen and fundraisers, journalists and politicians, policy experts and academics grew and spread neoliberal ideas between the 1940s and the 1970s. These individuals were successful at promoting ideas through a new type of political organization, the think tank. The first wave of neoliberal think tanks were set up in the 1940s and 1950s and included the American Enterprise Institute and the Foundation for Economic Education in the United States, and the Institute of Economic Affairs in Great Britain. A second wave of neoliberal think tanks were established in the 1970s, including the Centre for Policy Studies and the Adam Smith Institute in Great Britain, and the Heritage Foundation and the Cato Institute in the United States.
Jørgen Magnus Sejersted
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199588541
- eISBN:
- 9780191741845
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199588541.003.0013
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter discusses the Norwegian poet Henrik Wergeland (1808–45) and the depictions of Roman culture in his main work Skabelsen, Mennesket og Messias (The Creation, Man and Messiah) of 1830. This ...
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This chapter discusses the Norwegian poet Henrik Wergeland (1808–45) and the depictions of Roman culture in his main work Skabelsen, Mennesket og Messias (The Creation, Man and Messiah) of 1830. This giant poem of approximately 600 pages, influenced by Byron, describes the world from its mythological origins until the death of Christ, and culminates in a utopian revolution. This totalizing vision of an inspired Romantic strives to encompass elements of a strong Enlightenment tradition. The chapter argues that, within this mythopoetic Romantic universe, Roman culture defines lost republicanism, pragmatic stoicism, and constrained (sexual) narcissism. In representing the necessary boundaries within the otherwise explosive Self, figures such as Pilate and Cato demonstrate the inner tensions of the romantic imagination.Less
This chapter discusses the Norwegian poet Henrik Wergeland (1808–45) and the depictions of Roman culture in his main work Skabelsen, Mennesket og Messias (The Creation, Man and Messiah) of 1830. This giant poem of approximately 600 pages, influenced by Byron, describes the world from its mythological origins until the death of Christ, and culminates in a utopian revolution. This totalizing vision of an inspired Romantic strives to encompass elements of a strong Enlightenment tradition. The chapter argues that, within this mythopoetic Romantic universe, Roman culture defines lost republicanism, pragmatic stoicism, and constrained (sexual) narcissism. In representing the necessary boundaries within the otherwise explosive Self, figures such as Pilate and Cato demonstrate the inner tensions of the romantic imagination.
Pietro S. Nivola
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199764013
- eISBN:
- 9780199897186
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199764013.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
The Republican Party took a beating in the elections of 2006 and 2008. And though it is likely to recover much lost ground in this year's mid-term election, the party—and indeed conservatism ...
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The Republican Party took a beating in the elections of 2006 and 2008. And though it is likely to recover much lost ground in this year's mid-term election, the party—and indeed conservatism generally—have yet fundamentally to repair a tarnished brand. This chapter asks whether conservative think tanks played a part in the GOP's setbacks of recent years. It argues that the role of think tanks was different and more complex than has widely been supposed. Conservative policy intellectuals contributed to both the disappointments and the achievements of Republican administrations, but more consequentially to the latter. That record is of limited consolation, however, since voters tend to punish failures more than reward successes.Less
The Republican Party took a beating in the elections of 2006 and 2008. And though it is likely to recover much lost ground in this year's mid-term election, the party—and indeed conservatism generally—have yet fundamentally to repair a tarnished brand. This chapter asks whether conservative think tanks played a part in the GOP's setbacks of recent years. It argues that the role of think tanks was different and more complex than has widely been supposed. Conservative policy intellectuals contributed to both the disappointments and the achievements of Republican administrations, but more consequentially to the latter. That record is of limited consolation, however, since voters tend to punish failures more than reward successes.
David Sansone
- Published in print:
- 1989
- Published Online:
- February 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780856684210
- eISBN:
- 9781800342811
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9780856684210.003.0004
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Prose and Writers: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter offers commentary on Plutarch's Life of Aristeides and Life of Marcus Cato. Plutarch often begins a pair of Lives with some general reflections and with a consideration of his reasons ...
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This chapter offers commentary on Plutarch's Life of Aristeides and Life of Marcus Cato. Plutarch often begins a pair of Lives with some general reflections and with a consideration of his reasons for comparing the two men he has chosen. Here, however, there is no such long introduction. Plutarch begins immediately with a discussion of Aristeides' wealth and it is on their attitudes toward wealth that Plutarch focuses his comparison of Aristeides and Cato. These two men have little enough in common and it is only after Plutarch's day that one sees their names joined, presumably as a result of the influence of Plutarch.Less
This chapter offers commentary on Plutarch's Life of Aristeides and Life of Marcus Cato. Plutarch often begins a pair of Lives with some general reflections and with a consideration of his reasons for comparing the two men he has chosen. Here, however, there is no such long introduction. Plutarch begins immediately with a discussion of Aristeides' wealth and it is on their attitudes toward wealth that Plutarch focuses his comparison of Aristeides and Cato. These two men have little enough in common and it is only after Plutarch's day that one sees their names joined, presumably as a result of the influence of Plutarch.
Luciano Canfora and Julian Stringer (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748619368
- eISBN:
- 9780748670734
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748619368.003.0021
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
In the light of the total defeat and flight of the enemy commanders, Caesar quickly resolved that his first priority must be to pursue Pompey. There has been much discussion of this decision, which ...
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In the light of the total defeat and flight of the enemy commanders, Caesar quickly resolved that his first priority must be to pursue Pompey. There has been much discussion of this decision, which led Caesar into the near death-trap of Alexandria. Napoleon castigates Caesar, his main charge being that, ‘immediately after Pharsalus Caesar proceeded at once to the African coast to forestall Cato and Scipio’. Caesar's hot pursuit of Pompey as he fled to Egypt, as impetuous as it was rash, once again had a political reason. Caesar could certainly not have foreseen that Pompey would be murdered by his own client, Ptolemy. His intention was to seize the defeated Pompey before the latter could reform his scattered troops and his entourage. Caesar was attempting, from a position of strength following a victorious battle, to bring about a favourable new political order and to put an end to the ongoing conflict and Cato's determined opposition.Less
In the light of the total defeat and flight of the enemy commanders, Caesar quickly resolved that his first priority must be to pursue Pompey. There has been much discussion of this decision, which led Caesar into the near death-trap of Alexandria. Napoleon castigates Caesar, his main charge being that, ‘immediately after Pharsalus Caesar proceeded at once to the African coast to forestall Cato and Scipio’. Caesar's hot pursuit of Pompey as he fled to Egypt, as impetuous as it was rash, once again had a political reason. Caesar could certainly not have foreseen that Pompey would be murdered by his own client, Ptolemy. His intention was to seize the defeated Pompey before the latter could reform his scattered troops and his entourage. Caesar was attempting, from a position of strength following a victorious battle, to bring about a favourable new political order and to put an end to the ongoing conflict and Cato's determined opposition.
Luciano Canfora and Julian Stringer (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748619368
- eISBN:
- 9780748670734
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748619368.003.0028
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
With Cato dead at Utica, laudationes of the republican martyr and model Stoic followed one upon another. It was Cicero, with his innate imprudence, who inaugurated the series of posthumous ...
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With Cato dead at Utica, laudationes of the republican martyr and model Stoic followed one upon another. It was Cicero, with his innate imprudence, who inaugurated the series of posthumous commemorations whose political significance as ‘opposition’ is plain. At the request of Marcus Junius Brutus, Caesar's favourite, but Cato's nephew and admirer, Cicero began writing a Laus Catonis as early as April 46 bc, as soon as the news reached Rome of Cato's suicide in Africa.Less
With Cato dead at Utica, laudationes of the republican martyr and model Stoic followed one upon another. It was Cicero, with his innate imprudence, who inaugurated the series of posthumous commemorations whose political significance as ‘opposition’ is plain. At the request of Marcus Junius Brutus, Caesar's favourite, but Cato's nephew and admirer, Cicero began writing a Laus Catonis as early as April 46 bc, as soon as the news reached Rome of Cato's suicide in Africa.
Yelena Baraz
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691153322
- eISBN:
- 9781400842162
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691153322.003.0004
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
This chapter examines Cicero’s use of oratory as a means of establishing a connection between his subject matter, philosophy, and traditional public life. The emphasis is on the connection between ...
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This chapter examines Cicero’s use of oratory as a means of establishing a connection between his subject matter, philosophy, and traditional public life. The emphasis is on the connection between philosophy and rhetoric as disciplines and the continuity between Cicero the orator and statesman and Cicero the philosopher. The chapter first considers how Cicero leverages the connection between Academic Skepticism and rhetoric, in contrast to the alienating thought and style of the Stoics exemplified by the person of Cato the Younger. The discussion focuses on the preface to the Paradoxa Stoicorum, which uses the figure of Cato the Younger to work out the relationship between philosophy and active political practice. Drawing on the preface to book one of De Natura Deorum and the preface to book one of Tusculan Disputations, the chapter concludes with an assessment of the continuity between Cicero the orator and Cicero the philosopher.Less
This chapter examines Cicero’s use of oratory as a means of establishing a connection between his subject matter, philosophy, and traditional public life. The emphasis is on the connection between philosophy and rhetoric as disciplines and the continuity between Cicero the orator and statesman and Cicero the philosopher. The chapter first considers how Cicero leverages the connection between Academic Skepticism and rhetoric, in contrast to the alienating thought and style of the Stoics exemplified by the person of Cato the Younger. The discussion focuses on the preface to the Paradoxa Stoicorum, which uses the figure of Cato the Younger to work out the relationship between philosophy and active political practice. Drawing on the preface to book one of De Natura Deorum and the preface to book one of Tusculan Disputations, the chapter concludes with an assessment of the continuity between Cicero the orator and Cicero the philosopher.
J. Scott Carter and Cameron D. Lippard
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781529201116
- eISBN:
- 9781529201161
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781529201116.003.0004
- Subject:
- Education, Educational Policy and Politics
The purpose of this chapter is to assess who are the actors leading the charge for and against affirmative action in the most recent U.S. Supreme Court cases on affirmative action in the 21st ...
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The purpose of this chapter is to assess who are the actors leading the charge for and against affirmative action in the most recent U.S. Supreme Court cases on affirmative action in the 21st century. We are interested in the primary “lobbyist” of the Court during cases dealing with higher education and affirmative action (Gratz/Grutter and Fisher I and II) who make use of amicus briefs to make their cases for and against the policy. Amicus briefs are often described as “friends of the court” because they provide unique information to the court as well as elucidate broader social and political implications of the case's potential decision. However, scholars also argue that such briefs act to lobby the court for a specific resolution. While we look at all variation in authorship (e.g., individuals, civic organizations; universities, etc.), we pay particular attention to advocacy groups who have joined the fight for and against affirmative action in the public arena. Concerning opponents of affirmative action, scholars have stated that the backlash in the U.S. over policies and initiatives associated with the Civil Rights Movement has been led by elite-backed advocacy organizations, including special interest groups and think tanks.Less
The purpose of this chapter is to assess who are the actors leading the charge for and against affirmative action in the most recent U.S. Supreme Court cases on affirmative action in the 21st century. We are interested in the primary “lobbyist” of the Court during cases dealing with higher education and affirmative action (Gratz/Grutter and Fisher I and II) who make use of amicus briefs to make their cases for and against the policy. Amicus briefs are often described as “friends of the court” because they provide unique information to the court as well as elucidate broader social and political implications of the case's potential decision. However, scholars also argue that such briefs act to lobby the court for a specific resolution. While we look at all variation in authorship (e.g., individuals, civic organizations; universities, etc.), we pay particular attention to advocacy groups who have joined the fight for and against affirmative action in the public arena. Concerning opponents of affirmative action, scholars have stated that the backlash in the U.S. over policies and initiatives associated with the Civil Rights Movement has been led by elite-backed advocacy organizations, including special interest groups and think tanks.
