Patrick Hanafin
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199545520
- eISBN:
- 9780191721113
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199545520.003.0010
- Subject:
- Law, Medical Law
This chapter examines the Italian experience in relation to the governance of human reproduction. Successive Italian governments have tended to avoid addressing issues of bioethical controversy in an ...
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This chapter examines the Italian experience in relation to the governance of human reproduction. Successive Italian governments have tended to avoid addressing issues of bioethical controversy in an objective and honest manner due to a fear of a conservative backlash and a subsequent loss of political support. This sums up the manner in which bioethical issues have been dealt with, or rather not dealt with in Italy over the past twenty years. Instead of attempting to gain community consensus on an issue and working towards a solution which expresses the values of all sectors of society, governments have tended to see such matters in very simplistic terms: either they are morally supportable or morally suspect. In all this the pluralist state's moral guide has been the Vatican.Less
This chapter examines the Italian experience in relation to the governance of human reproduction. Successive Italian governments have tended to avoid addressing issues of bioethical controversy in an objective and honest manner due to a fear of a conservative backlash and a subsequent loss of political support. This sums up the manner in which bioethical issues have been dealt with, or rather not dealt with in Italy over the past twenty years. Instead of attempting to gain community consensus on an issue and working towards a solution which expresses the values of all sectors of society, governments have tended to see such matters in very simplistic terms: either they are morally supportable or morally suspect. In all this the pluralist state's moral guide has been the Vatican.
Suzanne Vromen
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195181289
- eISBN:
- 9780199870752
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195181289.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
At the time of the Nazi invasion in May 1940, Belgium was a Catholic country with linguistic divisions between north and south. The Catholic Church was the only institution untouched by the German ...
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At the time of the Nazi invasion in May 1940, Belgium was a Catholic country with linguistic divisions between north and south. The Catholic Church was the only institution untouched by the German occupiers. Therefore many hunted Jews sought the Church's help, which was spontaneously extended by the lower clergy. The book is based on unstructured interviews with formerly hidden children, with nuns who sheltered them, and with two surviving escorts who worked for the Committee for the Defense of Jews resistance network and took the children from their families to convents willing to hide them. The interviews detail from the point of view of both nuns and children how the children were integrated into daily convent life and how they reacted to Catholic rituals and socialization. The lives are framed by their historical context. The chapter on the escorts and on the Committee for the Defense of Jews leads to a general discussion of the different facets of the Belgian resistance. A chapter on memory and commemoration then traces the emergence of the concept of the hidden child and the construction of collective memories. The chapter also addresses the formal recognition of rescuers as “Righteous Among the Nations” and offers an in‐depth interpretation of Yad Vashem, the memorial institution of Israel. At the same time, it uncovers how gender initially played a major role in the recognition of priests and nuns who were rescuers. The struggle for the souls of some orphaned Jewish children who were baptized during the war and whose return to the Jewish community was contested is discussed as a particularly painful episode. This book contributes to Holocaust literature written in English about Belgium, a country given relatively too little attention. With its focus on commemoration, the book also adds to the understanding of how memory is institutionalized and reinforced by mnemonic practices.Less
At the time of the Nazi invasion in May 1940, Belgium was a Catholic country with linguistic divisions between north and south. The Catholic Church was the only institution untouched by the German occupiers. Therefore many hunted Jews sought the Church's help, which was spontaneously extended by the lower clergy. The book is based on unstructured interviews with formerly hidden children, with nuns who sheltered them, and with two surviving escorts who worked for the Committee for the Defense of Jews resistance network and took the children from their families to convents willing to hide them. The interviews detail from the point of view of both nuns and children how the children were integrated into daily convent life and how they reacted to Catholic rituals and socialization. The lives are framed by their historical context. The chapter on the escorts and on the Committee for the Defense of Jews leads to a general discussion of the different facets of the Belgian resistance. A chapter on memory and commemoration then traces the emergence of the concept of the hidden child and the construction of collective memories. The chapter also addresses the formal recognition of rescuers as “Righteous Among the Nations” and offers an in‐depth interpretation of Yad Vashem, the memorial institution of Israel. At the same time, it uncovers how gender initially played a major role in the recognition of priests and nuns who were rescuers. The struggle for the souls of some orphaned Jewish children who were baptized during the war and whose return to the Jewish community was contested is discussed as a particularly painful episode. This book contributes to Holocaust literature written in English about Belgium, a country given relatively too little attention. With its focus on commemoration, the book also adds to the understanding of how memory is institutionalized and reinforced by mnemonic practices.
Frank Graziano
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195171303
- eISBN:
- 9780199785193
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195171303.003.intro
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This chapter establishes the cultural and thematic contexts for understanding folk saint devotions. It explores the nature of devotion, the means by which devotions are initiated and disseminated, ...
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This chapter establishes the cultural and thematic contexts for understanding folk saint devotions. It explores the nature of devotion, the means by which devotions are initiated and disseminated, and the relation of folk saints to canonized saints and to the Catholic Church.Less
This chapter establishes the cultural and thematic contexts for understanding folk saint devotions. It explores the nature of devotion, the means by which devotions are initiated and disseminated, and the relation of folk saints to canonized saints and to the Catholic Church.
Michael S. Kogan
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195112597
- eISBN:
- 9780199872275
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195112597.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
Since 1965, the Roman Catholic Church has issued three official statements on the Jews and Judaism (in 1965, 1974, and 1985). Added to these are numerous statements by the pope and documents issued ...
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Since 1965, the Roman Catholic Church has issued three official statements on the Jews and Judaism (in 1965, 1974, and 1985). Added to these are numerous statements by the pope and documents issued by local Catholic sources (individual bishops, dioceses, and archdioceses). This chapter examines these statements. It is shown that progress is not always steady, that unofficial statements were often more innovative than official declarations, and that there is still a lot of difference of opinion within the church regarding how far to go in affirming the full validity of contemporary Judaism as what the church would call “a path of salvation”.The new Catechism of the Catholic Church as it incorporates or does not incorporate the changes in Catholic teaching regarding the Jews and Judaism is discussed. The chapter also addresses the question: does the church today view contemporary Judaism as having a divinely ordained mission in the world, and, if so, does it regard Jews as acting in fidelity to God and God's calling by remaining Jews rather than joining the church?Less
Since 1965, the Roman Catholic Church has issued three official statements on the Jews and Judaism (in 1965, 1974, and 1985). Added to these are numerous statements by the pope and documents issued by local Catholic sources (individual bishops, dioceses, and archdioceses). This chapter examines these statements. It is shown that progress is not always steady, that unofficial statements were often more innovative than official declarations, and that there is still a lot of difference of opinion within the church regarding how far to go in affirming the full validity of contemporary Judaism as what the church would call “a path of salvation”.The new Catechism of the Catholic Church as it incorporates or does not incorporate the changes in Catholic teaching regarding the Jews and Judaism is discussed. The chapter also addresses the question: does the church today view contemporary Judaism as having a divinely ordained mission in the world, and, if so, does it regard Jews as acting in fidelity to God and God's calling by remaining Jews rather than joining the church?
William M. Shea
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195139860
- eISBN:
- 9780199835232
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195139860.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
Reformation principles have made conservative evangelicals unable to view the Catholic Church as positively related to the Pauline gospel of free grace, as in some sense a Christian church. However, ...
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Reformation principles have made conservative evangelicals unable to view the Catholic Church as positively related to the Pauline gospel of free grace, as in some sense a Christian church. However, some evangelicals have managed it. This chapter examines the figures representative of the very Reformed tradition that has historically judged Rome to be an apostate church.Less
Reformation principles have made conservative evangelicals unable to view the Catholic Church as positively related to the Pauline gospel of free grace, as in some sense a Christian church. However, some evangelicals have managed it. This chapter examines the figures representative of the very Reformed tradition that has historically judged Rome to be an apostate church.
Owen Chadwick
- Published in print:
- 1980
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198269199
- eISBN:
- 9780191600487
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198269196.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
An account is given of the slow reforming changes that occurred in the Catholic Church in Europe in the eighteenth century, before the Enlightenment. The Church of that time still mingled magic with ...
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An account is given of the slow reforming changes that occurred in the Catholic Church in Europe in the eighteenth century, before the Enlightenment. The Church of that time still mingled magic with religion, and this was fostered by materialistic moments in the cult of saints, certain forms of faith‐healing, the use of holy objects such as relics or Biblical texts in the manner of charms, the more superstitious goals of pilgrimage, and the crudities of a mental haze about indulgences. Witches became less persecuted, Jews less uncomfortable, science began to play a part in everyday life, historians began to criticize saints, sanctuaries became less important, public opinion moved against the mendicant and beggar, and educated opinion became more confident in assailing the ‘childish’ (cults, symbolism, etc.) in the Church. The congregation became weightier in the structure of worship, there were sporadic attempts to make people understand by the use of readings in the vernacular or Bible reading by laymen, to revive the communion at its proper place in the liturgy, and some forms of Church music were popularized.Less
An account is given of the slow reforming changes that occurred in the Catholic Church in Europe in the eighteenth century, before the Enlightenment. The Church of that time still mingled magic with religion, and this was fostered by materialistic moments in the cult of saints, certain forms of faith‐healing, the use of holy objects such as relics or Biblical texts in the manner of charms, the more superstitious goals of pilgrimage, and the crudities of a mental haze about indulgences. Witches became less persecuted, Jews less uncomfortable, science began to play a part in everyday life, historians began to criticize saints, sanctuaries became less important, public opinion moved against the mendicant and beggar, and educated opinion became more confident in assailing the ‘childish’ (cults, symbolism, etc.) in the Church. The congregation became weightier in the structure of worship, there were sporadic attempts to make people understand by the use of readings in the vernacular or Bible reading by laymen, to revive the communion at its proper place in the liturgy, and some forms of Church music were popularized.
Michael Pasquier
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195372335
- eISBN:
- 9780199777273
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195372335.003.0000
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
The introduction explains why it is important to understand the practice of the Roman Catholic priesthood and the history of French missionaries in the United States. By detailing the historiography ...
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The introduction explains why it is important to understand the practice of the Roman Catholic priesthood and the history of French missionaries in the United States. By detailing the historiography of American Catholicism, the introduction also suggests ways to examine the middle position of priests between formal ecclesiastical standards of the church and the informal experiences of missionaries in service of the church. Recognition of the dual identity of French missionaries—as confrères to each other and as pères to others—is also recognition of the process by which these Frenchmen learned what it meant to be an ideal priest and what it was like to be a priest-in-practice.Less
The introduction explains why it is important to understand the practice of the Roman Catholic priesthood and the history of French missionaries in the United States. By detailing the historiography of American Catholicism, the introduction also suggests ways to examine the middle position of priests between formal ecclesiastical standards of the church and the informal experiences of missionaries in service of the church. Recognition of the dual identity of French missionaries—as confrères to each other and as pères to others—is also recognition of the process by which these Frenchmen learned what it meant to be an ideal priest and what it was like to be a priest-in-practice.
William M. Shea
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195139860
- eISBN:
- 9780199835232
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195139860.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
Evangelicalism and nativism have been inextricably linked throughout American history. It is argued that evangelical Protestantism is not nativist; in fact, its theology runs counter to nativism. The ...
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Evangelicalism and nativism have been inextricably linked throughout American history. It is argued that evangelical Protestantism is not nativist; in fact, its theology runs counter to nativism. The theological arguments of four influential American Protestants on the political and cultural incompatibility of the Catholic Church and American ideals and political practice are presented.Less
Evangelicalism and nativism have been inextricably linked throughout American history. It is argued that evangelical Protestantism is not nativist; in fact, its theology runs counter to nativism. The theological arguments of four influential American Protestants on the political and cultural incompatibility of the Catholic Church and American ideals and political practice are presented.
Virginia Garrard‐Burnett
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195379648
- eISBN:
- 9780199869176
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195379648.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Using newly available church and guerrilla records, this chapter first discusses the radicalization of the Catholic Church in Guatemala and the alliances formed by the religious and armed Left. ...
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Using newly available church and guerrilla records, this chapter first discusses the radicalization of the Catholic Church in Guatemala and the alliances formed by the religious and armed Left. Second, it explores the charges that Guatemalan evangelicals were the handmaidens of the Ríos Montt regime. This chapter finds that the binary of radical Catholics and conservative Protestants, though not altogether inaccurate, is also not entirely true, as many Protestants, Pentecostals in particular, interpreted the exigencies of the era in apocalyptic terms, believing the scorched‐earth campaign to be the “time of trials” described in the Book of Revelation. This chapter relies on primary sources from evangelical and Catholic Church archives. In particular, it utilizes newly available sources to explore the development of liberation theology in Guatemala and the radical church’s relationship with the militant indigenous movement, the CUC. The chapter also uses evangelical popular publications, interviews, and church records.Less
Using newly available church and guerrilla records, this chapter first discusses the radicalization of the Catholic Church in Guatemala and the alliances formed by the religious and armed Left. Second, it explores the charges that Guatemalan evangelicals were the handmaidens of the Ríos Montt regime. This chapter finds that the binary of radical Catholics and conservative Protestants, though not altogether inaccurate, is also not entirely true, as many Protestants, Pentecostals in particular, interpreted the exigencies of the era in apocalyptic terms, believing the scorched‐earth campaign to be the “time of trials” described in the Book of Revelation. This chapter relies on primary sources from evangelical and Catholic Church archives. In particular, it utilizes newly available sources to explore the development of liberation theology in Guatemala and the radical church’s relationship with the militant indigenous movement, the CUC. The chapter also uses evangelical popular publications, interviews, and church records.
Owen Chadwick
- Published in print:
- 1980
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198269199
- eISBN:
- 9780191600487
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198269196.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
Starts with the overthrow of the Catholic Church in France in the French Revolution—one of the most momentous events of modern history. It goes on to discuss the Revolution in Italy, the Roman ...
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Starts with the overthrow of the Catholic Church in France in the French Revolution—one of the most momentous events of modern history. It goes on to discuss the Revolution in Italy, the Roman Republic and the Pope and Napoleon Bonaparte, Rome without the Pope after Pope Pius VI was driven from Rome in 1798, the sanfedists (an Italian pro‐papal anti‐liberal association in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries) and the pro‐Catholic peasant armies of Europe who first arose in Italy after the expulsion of Bonaparte's French army, the peasant war in Belgium (1798–9), the peasant war in Switzerland, the Conclave of Venice (1799), the French Concordat (negotiation between Pope Pius VII and Napoleon, 1800–01), the Italian Concordat 1802–3, the coronation of Napoleon, the end of the Holy Roman Empire, the secularization of the monasteries in Württemberg (Germany), Napoleon and Italy and the exile of Pope Pius VII, Imperial Rome and its Te Deums 1809–14, Italian churches in the age of Napoleon, Napoleon and Spain, the afrancesados (collaborators), and the Cortes at Cadiz (Spain).Less
Starts with the overthrow of the Catholic Church in France in the French Revolution—one of the most momentous events of modern history. It goes on to discuss the Revolution in Italy, the Roman Republic and the Pope and Napoleon Bonaparte, Rome without the Pope after Pope Pius VI was driven from Rome in 1798, the sanfedists (an Italian pro‐papal anti‐liberal association in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries) and the pro‐Catholic peasant armies of Europe who first arose in Italy after the expulsion of Bonaparte's French army, the peasant war in Belgium (1798–9), the peasant war in Switzerland, the Conclave of Venice (1799), the French Concordat (negotiation between Pope Pius VII and Napoleon, 1800–01), the Italian Concordat 1802–3, the coronation of Napoleon, the end of the Holy Roman Empire, the secularization of the monasteries in Württemberg (Germany), Napoleon and Italy and the exile of Pope Pius VII, Imperial Rome and its Te Deums 1809–14, Italian churches in the age of Napoleon, Napoleon and Spain, the afrancesados (collaborators), and the Cortes at Cadiz (Spain).
Richard A. Schoenherr and David Yamane
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780195082593
- eISBN:
- 9780199834952
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195082591.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
A single unavoidable fact looms large in the future of Catholicism – in the last half‐century the number of priests has plummeted by 40% while the number of Catholics has increased by 65%. The ...
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A single unavoidable fact looms large in the future of Catholicism – in the last half‐century the number of priests has plummeted by 40% while the number of Catholics has increased by 65%. The specter of a faith defined by full pews and empty altars confronts the church. The root cause of this priest shortage is the church's insistence on mandatory celibacy, a requirement in place since the 1100s. Today, one in three ordained American priests under the age of 35 says he would marry if permitted. Given the potential recruiting advantages of abandoning the celibacy requirement, Richard Schoenherr asks why the conservative coalition – headed by the Pope – is so adamantly opposed to a married clergy. The answer is that acceptance of married priests is but the first step toward a gender inclusivity that will result in ordained women – a move that will not only alter the structure of the Catholic church forever but also will destabilize patriarchy in the wider society. Combining demographic data, historical analysis, and theoretical reflection, Schoenherr argues that such change is not only necessary if the church is to thrive but unavoidable if it is to survive. Currently, the priesthood exercises sacramental, sacerdotal, male, celibate monopoly over the Catholic means of salvation, but of these four characteristics, only sacramental sacerdotalism constitutes the deep structure of the priesthood. Priest shortage is the ‘linchpin’ in a powerful matrix of forces for change – pluralism over dogmatism in worldviews, personalist over transcendentalist views of sexuality, egalitarianism over inequality in gender relations – that are driving the church toward abandoning the celibate male exclusivity that now threatens authentic ministry in the church. The book is arranged in five parts (I. Celibacy, patriarchy, and the priest shortage; II. Social change in organized religion; III. Conflict and paradox; IV. Coalitions in the Catholic Church; and V. Continuity and change), and has an introduction by the editor David Yamane, who prepared the book for publication after Schoenherr's death in 1996. It is a companion work to Full Pews And Empty Altars: Demographics of the Priest Shortage in United States Catholic Dioceses (Richard Schoenherr and Lawrence Young, 1993), an analysis of the drop‐off in numbers of priests in the USA dating from the 1960s.Less
A single unavoidable fact looms large in the future of Catholicism – in the last half‐century the number of priests has plummeted by 40% while the number of Catholics has increased by 65%. The specter of a faith defined by full pews and empty altars confronts the church. The root cause of this priest shortage is the church's insistence on mandatory celibacy, a requirement in place since the 1100s. Today, one in three ordained American priests under the age of 35 says he would marry if permitted. Given the potential recruiting advantages of abandoning the celibacy requirement, Richard Schoenherr asks why the conservative coalition – headed by the Pope – is so adamantly opposed to a married clergy. The answer is that acceptance of married priests is but the first step toward a gender inclusivity that will result in ordained women – a move that will not only alter the structure of the Catholic church forever but also will destabilize patriarchy in the wider society. Combining demographic data, historical analysis, and theoretical reflection, Schoenherr argues that such change is not only necessary if the church is to thrive but unavoidable if it is to survive. Currently, the priesthood exercises sacramental, sacerdotal, male, celibate monopoly over the Catholic means of salvation, but of these four characteristics, only sacramental sacerdotalism constitutes the deep structure of the priesthood. Priest shortage is the ‘linchpin’ in a powerful matrix of forces for change – pluralism over dogmatism in worldviews, personalist over transcendentalist views of sexuality, egalitarianism over inequality in gender relations – that are driving the church toward abandoning the celibate male exclusivity that now threatens authentic ministry in the church. The book is arranged in five parts (I. Celibacy, patriarchy, and the priest shortage; II. Social change in organized religion; III. Conflict and paradox; IV. Coalitions in the Catholic Church; and V. Continuity and change), and has an introduction by the editor David Yamane, who prepared the book for publication after Schoenherr's death in 1996. It is a companion work to Full Pews And Empty Altars: Demographics of the Priest Shortage in United States Catholic Dioceses (Richard Schoenherr and Lawrence Young, 1993), an analysis of the drop‐off in numbers of priests in the USA dating from the 1960s.
Hugh McLeod
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199298259
- eISBN:
- 9780191711619
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199298259.003.0010
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter discusses the decline in religious practice in the Western world, in both Protest churches and the Roman Catholic Church. In the ten years between 1965 and 1975, large numbers of people ...
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This chapter discusses the decline in religious practice in the Western world, in both Protest churches and the Roman Catholic Church. In the ten years between 1965 and 1975, large numbers of people lost the habit of regular church going. Protestant churches saw a serious drop in membership. The Catholic Church saw a mass exit from the priesthood and a large fall in clerical recruitment.Less
This chapter discusses the decline in religious practice in the Western world, in both Protest churches and the Roman Catholic Church. In the ten years between 1965 and 1975, large numbers of people lost the habit of regular church going. Protestant churches saw a serious drop in membership. The Catholic Church saw a mass exit from the priesthood and a large fall in clerical recruitment.
Vjekoslav Perica
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195148565
- eISBN:
- 9780199834556
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195148568.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
After Tito's death, ethnic nationalism was simmering in all parts of Yugoslavia from Slovenia in the northwest to Kosovo in the southeast. The secular politics of the regime's establishment involved ...
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After Tito's death, ethnic nationalism was simmering in all parts of Yugoslavia from Slovenia in the northwest to Kosovo in the southeast. The secular politics of the regime's establishment involved factional quarrels, and the activities of secular intellectual elites have been analyzed at length elsewhere. The religious scene, where important things occurred, has remained obscure, yet visible religious symbols and movements were no less telling harbingers of what was to happen in the 1990s; these are the subject of this chapter. The different sections cover: the clerical offensive and the communist regime's last stand (1979–87); the promise of peaceful transition (moderate religious policies and the belated democratization of the regime, 1988–90); ethnoreligious realignment and multiparty elections; worsening relations between the Catholic and Orthodox Churches, and the schisms between nation‐states in the Serbian Orthodox Church; the Churches and the official history of the genocide of Serbs by Croats in World War II; the establishment of a site of Serb martyrdom at Jasenovac in Croatia (completed in 1983) to commemorate the genocide of 1941, and the myths surrounding this; disputes over holy places; the collapse of interfaith dialog; untimely Serbian commemorations of World War II sufferings in 1990–1; and calls for partition and revenge by the Serbs.Less
After Tito's death, ethnic nationalism was simmering in all parts of Yugoslavia from Slovenia in the northwest to Kosovo in the southeast. The secular politics of the regime's establishment involved factional quarrels, and the activities of secular intellectual elites have been analyzed at length elsewhere. The religious scene, where important things occurred, has remained obscure, yet visible religious symbols and movements were no less telling harbingers of what was to happen in the 1990s; these are the subject of this chapter. The different sections cover: the clerical offensive and the communist regime's last stand (1979–87); the promise of peaceful transition (moderate religious policies and the belated democratization of the regime, 1988–90); ethnoreligious realignment and multiparty elections; worsening relations between the Catholic and Orthodox Churches, and the schisms between nation‐states in the Serbian Orthodox Church; the Churches and the official history of the genocide of Serbs by Croats in World War II; the establishment of a site of Serb martyrdom at Jasenovac in Croatia (completed in 1983) to commemorate the genocide of 1941, and the myths surrounding this; disputes over holy places; the collapse of interfaith dialog; untimely Serbian commemorations of World War II sufferings in 1990–1; and calls for partition and revenge by the Serbs.
Paul Lakeland
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195178067
- eISBN:
- 9780199784905
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195178068.003.0011
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This chapter explores the role of the laity in the Catholic Church. The Trent and Vatican II councils' views about the laity are discussed. It is argued that a theological understanding of the laity ...
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This chapter explores the role of the laity in the Catholic Church. The Trent and Vatican II councils' views about the laity are discussed. It is argued that a theological understanding of the laity is an entire ecclesiology, and one that cannot be healthily constructed without honestly facing the problems that a cultic understanding of priesthood has bequeathed to the Church.Less
This chapter explores the role of the laity in the Catholic Church. The Trent and Vatican II councils' views about the laity are discussed. It is argued that a theological understanding of the laity is an entire ecclesiology, and one that cannot be healthily constructed without honestly facing the problems that a cultic understanding of priesthood has bequeathed to the Church.
Susan C. Karant-Nunn
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195399738
- eISBN:
- 9780199777198
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195399738.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity, Religion and Society
This chapter examines the sermons of Catholic preachers in the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries. Among these are sermons by Paul Wann (1420/25–89), who left in manuscript form a series ...
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This chapter examines the sermons of Catholic preachers in the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries. Among these are sermons by Paul Wann (1420/25–89), who left in manuscript form a series of Latin Holy Week sermons that he preached in 1460 in the cathedral in Passau; Johannes Wild (1497–1554), a Franciscan who riveted audiences to their places over a twenty-six-year period in the diocese of Mainz—he was Domprediger from 1540 until his death—and saw prodigious quantities of postils to press; Heinrich Helm (d. ca. 1560), an Observant Franciscan, who published sparsely and about whom far less is known; and Andreas Brunner (1589–1650), a native of Tirol who served as professor of moral theology and preacher in Dillingen, and was then called to Munich to work on a history of Bavaria.Less
This chapter examines the sermons of Catholic preachers in the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries. Among these are sermons by Paul Wann (1420/25–89), who left in manuscript form a series of Latin Holy Week sermons that he preached in 1460 in the cathedral in Passau; Johannes Wild (1497–1554), a Franciscan who riveted audiences to their places over a twenty-six-year period in the diocese of Mainz—he was Domprediger from 1540 until his death—and saw prodigious quantities of postils to press; Heinrich Helm (d. ca. 1560), an Observant Franciscan, who published sparsely and about whom far less is known; and Andreas Brunner (1589–1650), a native of Tirol who served as professor of moral theology and preacher in Dillingen, and was then called to Munich to work on a history of Bavaria.
Donald Bolen
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199216451
- eISBN:
- 9780191712173
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199216451.003.0023
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology, Religion and Society
This chapter begins by looking at the methodologies adopted and developed within the Roman Catholic Church's dialogues with the Anglican Communion and the World Methodist Council, reflecting on ...
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This chapter begins by looking at the methodologies adopted and developed within the Roman Catholic Church's dialogues with the Anglican Communion and the World Methodist Council, reflecting on aspects attentive to ecumenical learning, and which to some degree could be adapted or replicated in other contexts. It looks at recent initiatives within Anglican–Roman Catholic relations, in particular, the work of the International Anglican–Roman Catholic Commission for Unity and Mission, as a means of bridging the gaps mentioned above. It then considers recent developments in Methodist–Catholic relations, focusing on a mutual exchange of gifts in the most recent statement of the Joint International Commission for Dialogue Between the World Methodist Council and the Roman Catholic Church. Finally, the chapter offers concluding reflections on Receptive Ecumenism in the light of these dialogues.Less
This chapter begins by looking at the methodologies adopted and developed within the Roman Catholic Church's dialogues with the Anglican Communion and the World Methodist Council, reflecting on aspects attentive to ecumenical learning, and which to some degree could be adapted or replicated in other contexts. It looks at recent initiatives within Anglican–Roman Catholic relations, in particular, the work of the International Anglican–Roman Catholic Commission for Unity and Mission, as a means of bridging the gaps mentioned above. It then considers recent developments in Methodist–Catholic relations, focusing on a mutual exchange of gifts in the most recent statement of the Joint International Commission for Dialogue Between the World Methodist Council and the Roman Catholic Church. Finally, the chapter offers concluding reflections on Receptive Ecumenism in the light of these dialogues.
Tricia C. Bruce
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195385847
- eISBN:
- 9780199873371
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195385847.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
In January 2002, investigative reporting at the Boston Globe set off a wave of revelations regarding child sexual abuse by Catholic clergy and the transferring of abusive priests from parish to ...
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In January 2002, investigative reporting at the Boston Globe set off a wave of revelations regarding child sexual abuse by Catholic clergy and the transferring of abusive priests from parish to parish. Public allegations against clergy reached unprecedented levels; one Bishop would later refer to the period as “our 9/11.” Reeling from a growing awareness of abuse within their Church, a small group of Catholics gathered after Mass in the basement of a parish in Wellesley, Massachusetts to mourn and react. They began to mobilize around supporting victims of abuse, supporting non-abusive priests, and advocating for structural change in the Catholic Church so that abuse would no longer occur. Voice of the Faithful (VOTF) built a movement by harnessing the faith and fury of a nation of Catholics shocked by reports of abuse and institutional complicity. Some 30,000 around the United States formally joined the VOTF movement to reform the Catholic Church. this book offers an in-depth look at the development of VOTF and their struggle to challenge Church leaders, advocate for internal change, and be accepted as legitimately Catholic while doing so. In a study based on three years of field observation and interviews with VOTF founders, leaders, and participants in settings throughout the U.S., The book shows the contested nature of a religious movement operating within a bounded institutional space. Guided by the stories of individual participants, this book brings to light the intense identity negotiations that accompany a challenge to one’s own religion. This book offers a meaningful and accessible way to learn about Catholic identity, intra-institutional social movements, and the complexity of institutional structures.Less
In January 2002, investigative reporting at the Boston Globe set off a wave of revelations regarding child sexual abuse by Catholic clergy and the transferring of abusive priests from parish to parish. Public allegations against clergy reached unprecedented levels; one Bishop would later refer to the period as “our 9/11.” Reeling from a growing awareness of abuse within their Church, a small group of Catholics gathered after Mass in the basement of a parish in Wellesley, Massachusetts to mourn and react. They began to mobilize around supporting victims of abuse, supporting non-abusive priests, and advocating for structural change in the Catholic Church so that abuse would no longer occur. Voice of the Faithful (VOTF) built a movement by harnessing the faith and fury of a nation of Catholics shocked by reports of abuse and institutional complicity. Some 30,000 around the United States formally joined the VOTF movement to reform the Catholic Church. this book offers an in-depth look at the development of VOTF and their struggle to challenge Church leaders, advocate for internal change, and be accepted as legitimately Catholic while doing so. In a study based on three years of field observation and interviews with VOTF founders, leaders, and participants in settings throughout the U.S., The book shows the contested nature of a religious movement operating within a bounded institutional space. Guided by the stories of individual participants, this book brings to light the intense identity negotiations that accompany a challenge to one’s own religion. This book offers a meaningful and accessible way to learn about Catholic identity, intra-institutional social movements, and the complexity of institutional structures.
Hugh McLeod
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199298259
- eISBN:
- 9780191711619
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199298259.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter examines the trends towards greater moral and religious pluralism; at the undermining of respect and deference, which affected all established institutions, including the churches; at ...
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This chapter examines the trends towards greater moral and religious pluralism; at the undermining of respect and deference, which affected all established institutions, including the churches; at the signs of discontent within the various ideologically-based subcultures which had been a major aspect of life in most west European countries in the first half of the 20th century; at demands for reform in the church and at the radicalization of Christian students; at the changes in the relationship between ‘public’ and ‘private’; and at the still modest decline in church-going that was under way in the United States and also Britain, France, and West Germany. It is shown that the ‘early 1960s’ from about the later 1950s to 1962 or 1963 provided a bridge between the post-war years, with their urgent demands to return to normality and the all-embracing spirit of experiment and iconoclasm in the late 1960s; between the coldest years of the cold war and the utopian hopes of ‘1968’. Major religious changes were already under way: the post-war church-going boom had come to an end; the power and prestige which the churches had often enjoyed in the years after the war and the associated atmosphere of moral conservatism were increasingly resented and were coming under attack. It was also a time when reformers and radicals were making their voices heard again within the churches.Less
This chapter examines the trends towards greater moral and religious pluralism; at the undermining of respect and deference, which affected all established institutions, including the churches; at the signs of discontent within the various ideologically-based subcultures which had been a major aspect of life in most west European countries in the first half of the 20th century; at demands for reform in the church and at the radicalization of Christian students; at the changes in the relationship between ‘public’ and ‘private’; and at the still modest decline in church-going that was under way in the United States and also Britain, France, and West Germany. It is shown that the ‘early 1960s’ from about the later 1950s to 1962 or 1963 provided a bridge between the post-war years, with their urgent demands to return to normality and the all-embracing spirit of experiment and iconoclasm in the late 1960s; between the coldest years of the cold war and the utopian hopes of ‘1968’. Major religious changes were already under way: the post-war church-going boom had come to an end; the power and prestige which the churches had often enjoyed in the years after the war and the associated atmosphere of moral conservatism were increasingly resented and were coming under attack. It was also a time when reformers and radicals were making their voices heard again within the churches.
Owen Chadwick
- Published in print:
- 1980
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198269199
- eISBN:
- 9780191600487
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198269196.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
An account is given of the position of the office of the Pope in the Catholic Church in Europe in the eighteenth century, before the Enlightenment. The following aspects and popes are covered: ...
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An account is given of the position of the office of the Pope in the Catholic Church in Europe in the eighteenth century, before the Enlightenment. The following aspects and popes are covered: authority, election, the veto, Pope Clement XI Albani (1700–21), the bull Unigenitus of 1713 condemning the French Oratorian Pasquier Quesnel's Moral Reflexions on the New Testament, the debate on infallibility, the Chinese rites, Pope Innocent XIII Conti (1721–4) and Benedict XIII Orsini (1724–30), Pope Clement XII Corsini (1730–40), Pope Benedict XIV Lambertini (1740–58), the secretary of state, the cardinal‐nephew, the college of cardinals, nuncios, the Congregations (curial offices commonly known as the dicasteries), the Inquisition (the Congregation of the Holy Office) and Index, the Spanish Inquisition, the Congregation of the Council, the action of the Pope, and the jubilee (a holy year).Less
An account is given of the position of the office of the Pope in the Catholic Church in Europe in the eighteenth century, before the Enlightenment. The following aspects and popes are covered: authority, election, the veto, Pope Clement XI Albani (1700–21), the bull Unigenitus of 1713 condemning the French Oratorian Pasquier Quesnel's Moral Reflexions on the New Testament, the debate on infallibility, the Chinese rites, Pope Innocent XIII Conti (1721–4) and Benedict XIII Orsini (1724–30), Pope Clement XII Corsini (1730–40), Pope Benedict XIV Lambertini (1740–58), the secretary of state, the cardinal‐nephew, the college of cardinals, nuncios, the Congregations (curial offices commonly known as the dicasteries), the Inquisition (the Congregation of the Holy Office) and Index, the Spanish Inquisition, the Congregation of the Council, the action of the Pope, and the jubilee (a holy year).
Owen Chadwick
- Published in print:
- 1980
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198269199
- eISBN:
- 9780191600487
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198269196.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
An account is given of reformers of the Catholic Church in Europe in the eighteenth century, following on from The Counter‐Reformation. This starts with the Jansenists in France, and goes on to ...
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An account is given of reformers of the Catholic Church in Europe in the eighteenth century, following on from The Counter‐Reformation. This starts with the Jansenists in France, and goes on to discuss (Lodovico Antonio) Muratori (1672–1751), Pietro Tamburini (1672–1750), and Pietro Giannone (1676–1748) in Italy, the Enlightenment, Febronianism and Febronius (a pseudonym of the German anti‐Catholic Johann Chrysostomus Nikolaus von Hontheim, 1701–90), Emperor Joseph II of Austria, Pope Pius VI in Vienna, Leopold of Tuscany, Scipione de’ Ricci, the Diocesan Synod of Pistoia and the constitution of the Church (1786), the riot at Prato (1787), toleration, the attack upon celibacy, and the reform of the liturgy.Less
An account is given of reformers of the Catholic Church in Europe in the eighteenth century, following on from The Counter‐Reformation. This starts with the Jansenists in France, and goes on to discuss (Lodovico Antonio) Muratori (1672–1751), Pietro Tamburini (1672–1750), and Pietro Giannone (1676–1748) in Italy, the Enlightenment, Febronianism and Febronius (a pseudonym of the German anti‐Catholic Johann Chrysostomus Nikolaus von Hontheim, 1701–90), Emperor Joseph II of Austria, Pope Pius VI in Vienna, Leopold of Tuscany, Scipione de’ Ricci, the Diocesan Synod of Pistoia and the constitution of the Church (1786), the riot at Prato (1787), toleration, the attack upon celibacy, and the reform of the liturgy.
