Enoch Oladé Aboh
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195159905
- eISBN:
- 9780199788125
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195159905.003.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
This introductory chapter begins with a description of the purpose and organization of the book. The theoretical background underlying this study is then discussed including the X-bar theory, word ...
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This introductory chapter begins with a description of the purpose and organization of the book. The theoretical background underlying this study is then discussed including the X-bar theory, word order, antisymmetry theory, Empty Category Principle, relativized minimality, and the structure of sentences.Less
This introductory chapter begins with a description of the purpose and organization of the book. The theoretical background underlying this study is then discussed including the X-bar theory, word order, antisymmetry theory, Empty Category Principle, relativized minimality, and the structure of sentences.
Rocco "Gangle
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781474404174
- eISBN:
- 9781474418645
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474404174.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
This book integrates insights from Spinoza’s metaphysics, Peirce’s semiotic theory and Deleuze’s philosophy of difference in conjunction with the formal operations of category theory. Spinoza, Peirce ...
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This book integrates insights from Spinoza’s metaphysics, Peirce’s semiotic theory and Deleuze’s philosophy of difference in conjunction with the formal operations of category theory. Spinoza, Peirce and Deleuze are all, in different ways, philosophers of immanence. The methodological questions raised by a commitment to immanence in their respective philosophies are addressed by author Rocco Gangle in terms of diagrammatic practices understood in a highly general sense. The link between philosophical immanence and diagrammatic practice is established by demonstrating with the tools of category theory how diagrams may be used both as tools and as objects of philosophical inquiry via diagrammatic reasoning. Category theory reveals deep structural connections among logic, topology and diverse other areas of mathematics, and it provides constructive and rigorous concepts for investigating how diagrams work in a variety of contexts. Gangle offers a basic introduction to the relevant methods of category theory from a philosophical and diagrammatic perspective that allows philosophers with little or no mathematical training to come to grips with this important field. This coordination of immanent metaphysics, diagrammatic method and category theoretical mathematics opens a new horizon for contemporary thought.Less
This book integrates insights from Spinoza’s metaphysics, Peirce’s semiotic theory and Deleuze’s philosophy of difference in conjunction with the formal operations of category theory. Spinoza, Peirce and Deleuze are all, in different ways, philosophers of immanence. The methodological questions raised by a commitment to immanence in their respective philosophies are addressed by author Rocco Gangle in terms of diagrammatic practices understood in a highly general sense. The link between philosophical immanence and diagrammatic practice is established by demonstrating with the tools of category theory how diagrams may be used both as tools and as objects of philosophical inquiry via diagrammatic reasoning. Category theory reveals deep structural connections among logic, topology and diverse other areas of mathematics, and it provides constructive and rigorous concepts for investigating how diagrams work in a variety of contexts. Gangle offers a basic introduction to the relevant methods of category theory from a philosophical and diagrammatic perspective that allows philosophers with little or no mathematical training to come to grips with this important field. This coordination of immanent metaphysics, diagrammatic method and category theoretical mathematics opens a new horizon for contemporary thought.
Ofra Magidor
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199572977
- eISBN:
- 9780191758942
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199572977.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Language, Metaphysics/Epistemology
Category mistakes are sentences such as ‘Green ideas sleep furiously’ or ‘The theory of relativity is eating breakfast’. Such sentences strike most speakers as highly infelicitous, and the main aim ...
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Category mistakes are sentences such as ‘Green ideas sleep furiously’ or ‘The theory of relativity is eating breakfast’. Such sentences strike most speakers as highly infelicitous, and the main aim of the book is to account for the infelicity of category mistakes, while paying close attention to the various intricacies of the phenomenon. One thing that makes category mistakes particularly interesting is that a plausible case can be made for explaining the phenomenon in terms of each of syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. The structure of the book follows this division: four approaches to the phenomenon are discussed in Chapters 2–5 respectively. The syntactic approach maintains that category mistakes are infelicitous because they are syntactically ill-formed. The next two approaches both account for the phenomenon in terms of semantics, albeit in terms of different semantic facets: The meaninglessness view maintains that category mistakes are infelicitous because they are meaningless, while the MBT view, places the phenomenon at the level of content or reference, maintaining that category mistakes are meaningful but truth-valueless. Finally, the pragmatic approach maintains that category mistakes are syntactically well-formed, meaningful, and truth-valued, but that they are nevertheless pragmatically inappropriate. In Chapters 2–4 it is argued that the first three approaches ought to be rejected, while the final chapter develops and defends a particular version of the pragmatic approach: a presuppositional account of category mistakes according to which they suffer from (pragmatic) presupposition failures.Less
Category mistakes are sentences such as ‘Green ideas sleep furiously’ or ‘The theory of relativity is eating breakfast’. Such sentences strike most speakers as highly infelicitous, and the main aim of the book is to account for the infelicity of category mistakes, while paying close attention to the various intricacies of the phenomenon. One thing that makes category mistakes particularly interesting is that a plausible case can be made for explaining the phenomenon in terms of each of syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. The structure of the book follows this division: four approaches to the phenomenon are discussed in Chapters 2–5 respectively. The syntactic approach maintains that category mistakes are infelicitous because they are syntactically ill-formed. The next two approaches both account for the phenomenon in terms of semantics, albeit in terms of different semantic facets: The meaninglessness view maintains that category mistakes are infelicitous because they are meaningless, while the MBT view, places the phenomenon at the level of content or reference, maintaining that category mistakes are meaningful but truth-valueless. Finally, the pragmatic approach maintains that category mistakes are syntactically well-formed, meaningful, and truth-valued, but that they are nevertheless pragmatically inappropriate. In Chapters 2–4 it is argued that the first three approaches ought to be rejected, while the final chapter develops and defends a particular version of the pragmatic approach: a presuppositional account of category mistakes according to which they suffer from (pragmatic) presupposition failures.
Kieran McEvoy
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198299073
- eISBN:
- 9780191685590
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198299073.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
This chapter examines the significance of the tactic of hunger strike for politically motivated prisoners during the most recent phase of conflict in Northern Ireland. It suggests that for prisoners ...
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This chapter examines the significance of the tactic of hunger strike for politically motivated prisoners during the most recent phase of conflict in Northern Ireland. It suggests that for prisoners who had been through the harrowing ordeal of the blanket and dirty protest between 1976 and 1980 following the removal of Special Category Status, and who were well cognisant of their prison history, recourse to the tactic of hunger strike was a logical and pragmatic step in resistance to the policy of criminalisation. In addition, the chapter analyses the little reported phenomena of Loyalist hunger strikes during the years in question. While it is true that generally Loyalist prisoners have appeared less willing to use the tactic of hunger strike until death, a number of significant developments have arisen from Loyalist hunger strikes and threats to hunger strike. The structure of this chapter is as follows: a brief discussion on the notion of hunger strike as a means of protest; the historical context of hunger striking for Republicans; the dirty protest 1976-80, the 1980-1 hunger strikes and their social and political consequences; and an analysis of the protests of Loyalists and some discussion as to why these tend to be compared unfavourably to those of Republicans.Less
This chapter examines the significance of the tactic of hunger strike for politically motivated prisoners during the most recent phase of conflict in Northern Ireland. It suggests that for prisoners who had been through the harrowing ordeal of the blanket and dirty protest between 1976 and 1980 following the removal of Special Category Status, and who were well cognisant of their prison history, recourse to the tactic of hunger strike was a logical and pragmatic step in resistance to the policy of criminalisation. In addition, the chapter analyses the little reported phenomena of Loyalist hunger strikes during the years in question. While it is true that generally Loyalist prisoners have appeared less willing to use the tactic of hunger strike until death, a number of significant developments have arisen from Loyalist hunger strikes and threats to hunger strike. The structure of this chapter is as follows: a brief discussion on the notion of hunger strike as a means of protest; the historical context of hunger striking for Republicans; the dirty protest 1976-80, the 1980-1 hunger strikes and their social and political consequences; and an analysis of the protests of Loyalists and some discussion as to why these tend to be compared unfavourably to those of Republicans.
Kieran McEvoy
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198299073
- eISBN:
- 9780191685590
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198299073.003.0008
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
This chapter proposes a model referred to as reactive containment which characterised the management of prisons until 1976 in Northern Ireland. Reactive containment is described as a relatively crude ...
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This chapter proposes a model referred to as reactive containment which characterised the management of prisons until 1976 in Northern Ireland. Reactive containment is described as a relatively crude military model for the management of paramilitary prisoners and, to an extent, the broader conflict in Northern Ireland. The British authorities reacted to the loss of control by the Unionist government by dispatching troops to regain control, and seeking to contain levels of violence and violent perpetrators while a political solution was found. Internment, Special Category Status, and the Diplock Courts are all examined as ways of detaining and processing large numbers of terrorists and terrorist suspects. It is argued that this style of prison management was characterised by a recognition of the political character of the inmates; the facilitation of negotiations between the prison authorities and paramilitary commanders; and no real efforts being made to deny the prisoners' assertion of their political status.Less
This chapter proposes a model referred to as reactive containment which characterised the management of prisons until 1976 in Northern Ireland. Reactive containment is described as a relatively crude military model for the management of paramilitary prisoners and, to an extent, the broader conflict in Northern Ireland. The British authorities reacted to the loss of control by the Unionist government by dispatching troops to regain control, and seeking to contain levels of violence and violent perpetrators while a political solution was found. Internment, Special Category Status, and the Diplock Courts are all examined as ways of detaining and processing large numbers of terrorists and terrorist suspects. It is argued that this style of prison management was characterised by a recognition of the political character of the inmates; the facilitation of negotiations between the prison authorities and paramilitary commanders; and no real efforts being made to deny the prisoners' assertion of their political status.
Ben Crewe
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199577965
- eISBN:
- 9780191702266
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199577965.003.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
The book is a study of a medium-security or Category-C men's training prison, known colloquially as a ‘Cat-C’. It seeks to expose and dissect the prison's social anatomy, to illuminate the ...
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The book is a study of a medium-security or Category-C men's training prison, known colloquially as a ‘Cat-C’. It seeks to expose and dissect the prison's social anatomy, to illuminate the experiences that occur within it, and to relate these both to prisoners' prior lives and to the aims, means, and conditions of the institution. The book also aims to shed light both on the similarities between prison social systems and the reasons why they differ.Less
The book is a study of a medium-security or Category-C men's training prison, known colloquially as a ‘Cat-C’. It seeks to expose and dissect the prison's social anatomy, to illuminate the experiences that occur within it, and to relate these both to prisoners' prior lives and to the aims, means, and conditions of the institution. The book also aims to shed light both on the similarities between prison social systems and the reasons why they differ.
Ira Helderman
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781469648521
- eISBN:
- 9781469648545
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469648521.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
Interest in the psychotherapeutic capacity of Buddhist teachings and practices is widely evident in the popular imagination. News media routinely report on the neuropsychological study of Buddhist ...
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Interest in the psychotherapeutic capacity of Buddhist teachings and practices is widely evident in the popular imagination. News media routinely report on the neuropsychological study of Buddhist meditation and applications of mindfulness practices in settings including corporate offices, the U.S. military, and university health centers. However, as Ira Helderman shows, curious investigators have studied the psychological dimensions of Buddhist doctrine for well over a century, stretching back to William James and Carl Jung. These activities have shaped both the mental health field and Buddhist practice throughout the United States. This is the first comprehensive study of the surprisingly diverse ways that psychotherapists have related to Buddhist traditions. Through extensive fieldwork and in-depth interviews with clinicians, many of whom have been formative to the therapeutic use of Buddhist practices, Helderman gives voice to the psychotherapists themselves. He focuses on how they understand key categories such as religion and science. Some are invested in maintaining a hard border between religion and psychotherapy as a biomedical discipline. Others speak of a religious-secular binary that they mean to disrupt. Helderman finds that psychotherapists’ approaches to Buddhist traditions are molded by how they define what is and is not religious, demonstrating how central these concepts are in contemporary American culture.Less
Interest in the psychotherapeutic capacity of Buddhist teachings and practices is widely evident in the popular imagination. News media routinely report on the neuropsychological study of Buddhist meditation and applications of mindfulness practices in settings including corporate offices, the U.S. military, and university health centers. However, as Ira Helderman shows, curious investigators have studied the psychological dimensions of Buddhist doctrine for well over a century, stretching back to William James and Carl Jung. These activities have shaped both the mental health field and Buddhist practice throughout the United States. This is the first comprehensive study of the surprisingly diverse ways that psychotherapists have related to Buddhist traditions. Through extensive fieldwork and in-depth interviews with clinicians, many of whom have been formative to the therapeutic use of Buddhist practices, Helderman gives voice to the psychotherapists themselves. He focuses on how they understand key categories such as religion and science. Some are invested in maintaining a hard border between religion and psychotherapy as a biomedical discipline. Others speak of a religious-secular binary that they mean to disrupt. Helderman finds that psychotherapists’ approaches to Buddhist traditions are molded by how they define what is and is not religious, demonstrating how central these concepts are in contemporary American culture.
Rocco Gangle
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781474404174
- eISBN:
- 9781474418645
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474404174.003.0003
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
This chapter introduces the elementary concepts and operations of category theory. It introduces the notion of category by generalizing from partial orders and systems of functions and then ...
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This chapter introduces the elementary concepts and operations of category theory. It introduces the notion of category by generalizing from partial orders and systems of functions and then introduces the constructions of universal mapping properties and functors. It concludes by surveying a number of common examples.Less
This chapter introduces the elementary concepts and operations of category theory. It introduces the notion of category by generalizing from partial orders and systems of functions and then introduces the constructions of universal mapping properties and functors. It concludes by surveying a number of common examples.
Rocco Gangle
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781474404174
- eISBN:
- 9781474418645
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474404174.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
This chapter begins by posing the question of linguistic meaning within the context of the mathematics of category theory. It then explains the notions of functor categories, natural transformations ...
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This chapter begins by posing the question of linguistic meaning within the context of the mathematics of category theory. It then explains the notions of functor categories, natural transformations and presheaves. A formal theory of diagrammatic signs building on Peirce’s semiotic theory is presented as a triadic relation among functors, two of which are presheaves. This theory is illustrated by an example from Peirce’s Existential Graphs.Less
This chapter begins by posing the question of linguistic meaning within the context of the mathematics of category theory. It then explains the notions of functor categories, natural transformations and presheaves. A formal theory of diagrammatic signs building on Peirce’s semiotic theory is presented as a triadic relation among functors, two of which are presheaves. This theory is illustrated by an example from Peirce’s Existential Graphs.
Rocco Gangle
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781474404174
- eISBN:
- 9781474418645
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474404174.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
This chapter examines two advanced constructions in category theory: adjoint functors and topoi. Pairs of adjoint functors, or adjunctions, are formally defined and then illustrated with several ...
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This chapter examines two advanced constructions in category theory: adjoint functors and topoi. Pairs of adjoint functors, or adjunctions, are formally defined and then illustrated with several concrete examples. Topoi are introduced conceptually by focusing on the role of the subobject classifier within a topos, with examples from set theory and graph theory. The difference between the classical logic of Boolean algebras and the non-classical logic of Heyting algebras is explained in terms of their natural mathematical environments of set theory and topos theory respectively.Less
This chapter examines two advanced constructions in category theory: adjoint functors and topoi. Pairs of adjoint functors, or adjunctions, are formally defined and then illustrated with several concrete examples. Topoi are introduced conceptually by focusing on the role of the subobject classifier within a topos, with examples from set theory and graph theory. The difference between the classical logic of Boolean algebras and the non-classical logic of Heyting algebras is explained in terms of their natural mathematical environments of set theory and topos theory respectively.
Steven Phillips and William H. Wilson
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780262027236
- eISBN:
- 9780262322461
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262027236.003.0009
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
A theory of cognitive architecture should explain why systematicity is a necessary, not just possible consequence of the theory's core principles and base assumptions, without relying on arbitrary ...
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A theory of cognitive architecture should explain why systematicity is a necessary, not just possible consequence of the theory's core principles and base assumptions, without relying on arbitrary (ad hoc) modifications to close explanatory gaps. Cognitive capacities are systematically distributed around common structures. Category theory, a mathematical theory of structure, provides a framework for a theory of systematicity that explains the nature of these structures. Underlying each collection of systematically related capacities is a categorical universal construction: each capacity is uniquely composed of a common (universal) component and capacity-specific component; constructions not admitting this form of compositionality are not categorical universal constructions. Hence, our category theoretical explanation transcends problems with other (classical/symbolic, connectionist) approaches, which admit both systematic and non-systematic architectures.Less
A theory of cognitive architecture should explain why systematicity is a necessary, not just possible consequence of the theory's core principles and base assumptions, without relying on arbitrary (ad hoc) modifications to close explanatory gaps. Cognitive capacities are systematically distributed around common structures. Category theory, a mathematical theory of structure, provides a framework for a theory of systematicity that explains the nature of these structures. Underlying each collection of systematically related capacities is a categorical universal construction: each capacity is uniquely composed of a common (universal) component and capacity-specific component; constructions not admitting this form of compositionality are not categorical universal constructions. Hence, our category theoretical explanation transcends problems with other (classical/symbolic, connectionist) approaches, which admit both systematic and non-systematic architectures.
Emilie Whitaker
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781447315568
- eISBN:
- 9781447315582
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447315568.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This chapter outlines how Aristotle's concept of ‘phronesis’ has gained traction as an analytical concept for research in recent years, particularly in areas of social policy most concerned with the ...
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This chapter outlines how Aristotle's concept of ‘phronesis’ has gained traction as an analytical concept for research in recent years, particularly in areas of social policy most concerned with the professions of social work, education and medicine. It firstly outlines Aristotle's concept of ‘phronesis’ or ‘practical wisdom’. It then considers why research in the sociology of organisational life has been useful in the application of the concept of phronesis. Finally it uses personalisation as a lens to view phronesis within the context of social work practice where practical wisdom as a category for analysis can be identified as arising from the interactions of social workers.Less
This chapter outlines how Aristotle's concept of ‘phronesis’ has gained traction as an analytical concept for research in recent years, particularly in areas of social policy most concerned with the professions of social work, education and medicine. It firstly outlines Aristotle's concept of ‘phronesis’ or ‘practical wisdom’. It then considers why research in the sociology of organisational life has been useful in the application of the concept of phronesis. Finally it uses personalisation as a lens to view phronesis within the context of social work practice where practical wisdom as a category for analysis can be identified as arising from the interactions of social workers.
Andy Willis
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781474424592
- eISBN:
- 9781474444705
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474424592.003.0004
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
From the Shaw Brothers production line to the clones of Bruce Lee, Hong Kong cinema has long been seen as driven by raw commercial concerns. Like many other commercial film industries, most notably ...
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From the Shaw Brothers production line to the clones of Bruce Lee, Hong Kong cinema has long been seen as driven by raw commercial concerns. Like many other commercial film industries, most notably Hollywood, production in the Hong Kong film industry has also been focused on popular cycles of production. These have included phases when family melodramas, historical swordplay and kung-fu films, screwball comedies and triad based crime films have all proved successful at the domestic and regional box-office. As with other commercially focused film industries there has also been a low budget sector within Hong Kong industry. Here producers and directors have fashioned energetic, populist films that were designed to appeal to audiences’ desire for films that contained sex and violence. The horror genre seemed the perfect vehicle to satiate these needs. This chapter explores the work of filmmakers who worked at this rougher end of Hong Kong horror in the 80s and 90s. As well as placing them into this exploitation context of production, this chapter discusses their excessive content and the visual style employed by directors such as Kuei Chih-hung (Killer Snakes, Hex) and Herman Yau (The Untold Story, Ebola Syndrome) to deliver their exploitative content.Less
From the Shaw Brothers production line to the clones of Bruce Lee, Hong Kong cinema has long been seen as driven by raw commercial concerns. Like many other commercial film industries, most notably Hollywood, production in the Hong Kong film industry has also been focused on popular cycles of production. These have included phases when family melodramas, historical swordplay and kung-fu films, screwball comedies and triad based crime films have all proved successful at the domestic and regional box-office. As with other commercially focused film industries there has also been a low budget sector within Hong Kong industry. Here producers and directors have fashioned energetic, populist films that were designed to appeal to audiences’ desire for films that contained sex and violence. The horror genre seemed the perfect vehicle to satiate these needs. This chapter explores the work of filmmakers who worked at this rougher end of Hong Kong horror in the 80s and 90s. As well as placing them into this exploitation context of production, this chapter discusses their excessive content and the visual style employed by directors such as Kuei Chih-hung (Killer Snakes, Hex) and Herman Yau (The Untold Story, Ebola Syndrome) to deliver their exploitative content.
Gary Bettinson
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781474424592
- eISBN:
- 9781474444705
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474424592.003.0012
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
Pang Ho-cheung’s Dream Home (2010) is a controversial Hong Kong slasher movie in which a killer (played by Josie Ho) constitutes the prime object of spectator sympathy and allegiance. To its ...
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Pang Ho-cheung’s Dream Home (2010) is a controversial Hong Kong slasher movie in which a killer (played by Josie Ho) constitutes the prime object of spectator sympathy and allegiance. To its detractors, the film falls foul of an “aesthetic error”: by presenting the heroine’s victims as “undeserving” of brutalization, Dream Home inadvertently undercuts its own attempt to generate sympathy for the slasher protagonist. This paper attempts to dispute the critics’ charge of aesthetic defectiveness, arguing instead that the film’s strategies of character engagement purposively foster a critique of Hong Kong’s capitalist hegemony. More broadly, the paper tries to demonstrate the ways in which Dream Home is a specifically Hong Kong horror film. This discussion is situated within wider debates concerning the imputed loss of Hong Kong “localism” in the context of global forces such as Mainlandization and Hollywoodization.Less
Pang Ho-cheung’s Dream Home (2010) is a controversial Hong Kong slasher movie in which a killer (played by Josie Ho) constitutes the prime object of spectator sympathy and allegiance. To its detractors, the film falls foul of an “aesthetic error”: by presenting the heroine’s victims as “undeserving” of brutalization, Dream Home inadvertently undercuts its own attempt to generate sympathy for the slasher protagonist. This paper attempts to dispute the critics’ charge of aesthetic defectiveness, arguing instead that the film’s strategies of character engagement purposively foster a critique of Hong Kong’s capitalist hegemony. More broadly, the paper tries to demonstrate the ways in which Dream Home is a specifically Hong Kong horror film. This discussion is situated within wider debates concerning the imputed loss of Hong Kong “localism” in the context of global forces such as Mainlandization and Hollywoodization.
Hagit Borer
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199263936
- eISBN:
- 9780191759017
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199263936.003.0007
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Theoretical Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
This chapter is devoted to articulating a model of categorial determination based fundamentally on the conceptualization of categorial selection as a partition of the categorial space, and as ...
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This chapter is devoted to articulating a model of categorial determination based fundamentally on the conceptualization of categorial selection as a partition of the categorial space, and as establishing equivalence classes. In essence, functors define not only the category which they, themselves project, but also define a complement categorial domain, which comes to be associated with their complements. If such complements are otherwise category-less (e.g. roots) they thus come to be equivalent to a category (e.g. V-equivalent, N-equivalent and so on). If the complement is already categorial (e.g. itself headed by a functor), the existence of a complement categorial domain amounts, effectively, to a checking or a selection mechanism ruling out, e.g. the merger of a V-selecting functor such as -ation with a derived adjective such as ‘available’. Crucially, the model of categorization put forth is committed to the categorization of form in ‘the form’ as N or of form within ‘formation’ as V without the presence of additional structure, i.e., in both these cases ‘form’ is crucially a terminal and mono-morphemic. As a consequence, the account is committed to the absence of zero-affixes marking ‘form’ as N or V respectively. Much of the chapter, consequently, is devoted to arguing against the existence of zero-instantiated C-functors in English. Final comments concern the status of multi-function functors such as -ing and the status of adjectives.Less
This chapter is devoted to articulating a model of categorial determination based fundamentally on the conceptualization of categorial selection as a partition of the categorial space, and as establishing equivalence classes. In essence, functors define not only the category which they, themselves project, but also define a complement categorial domain, which comes to be associated with their complements. If such complements are otherwise category-less (e.g. roots) they thus come to be equivalent to a category (e.g. V-equivalent, N-equivalent and so on). If the complement is already categorial (e.g. itself headed by a functor), the existence of a complement categorial domain amounts, effectively, to a checking or a selection mechanism ruling out, e.g. the merger of a V-selecting functor such as -ation with a derived adjective such as ‘available’. Crucially, the model of categorization put forth is committed to the categorization of form in ‘the form’ as N or of form within ‘formation’ as V without the presence of additional structure, i.e., in both these cases ‘form’ is crucially a terminal and mono-morphemic. As a consequence, the account is committed to the absence of zero-affixes marking ‘form’ as N or V respectively. Much of the chapter, consequently, is devoted to arguing against the existence of zero-instantiated C-functors in English. Final comments concern the status of multi-function functors such as -ing and the status of adjectives.
Chris Heunen and Jamie Vicary
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198739623
- eISBN:
- 9780191802584
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198739623.001.0001
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Mathematical Physics, Applied Mathematics
Monoidal category theory serves as a powerful framework for describing logical aspects of quantum theory, giving an abstract language for parallel and sequential composition and a conceptual way to ...
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Monoidal category theory serves as a powerful framework for describing logical aspects of quantum theory, giving an abstract language for parallel and sequential composition and a conceptual way to understand many high-level quantum phenomena. Here, we lay the foundations for this categorical quantum mechanics, with an emphasis on the graphical calculus that makes computation intuitive. We describe superposition and entanglement using biproducts and dual objects, and show how quantum teleportation can be studied abstractly using these structures. We investigate monoids, Frobenius structures and Hopf algebras, showing how they can be used to model classical information and complementary observables. We describe the CP construction, a categorical tool to describe probabilistic quantum systems. The last chapter introduces higher categories, surface diagrams and 2-Hilbert spaces, and shows how the language of duality in monoidal 2-categories can be used to reason about quantum protocols, including quantum teleportation and dense coding. Previous knowledge of linear algebra, quantum information or category theory would give an ideal background for studying this text, but it is not assumed, with essential background material given in a self-contained introductory chapter. Throughout the text, we point out links with many other areas, such as representation theory, topology, quantum algebra, knot theory and probability theory, and present nonstandard models including sets and relations. All results are stated rigorously and full proofs are given as far as possible, making this book an invaluable reference for modern techniques in quantum logic, with much of the material not available in any other textbook.Less
Monoidal category theory serves as a powerful framework for describing logical aspects of quantum theory, giving an abstract language for parallel and sequential composition and a conceptual way to understand many high-level quantum phenomena. Here, we lay the foundations for this categorical quantum mechanics, with an emphasis on the graphical calculus that makes computation intuitive. We describe superposition and entanglement using biproducts and dual objects, and show how quantum teleportation can be studied abstractly using these structures. We investigate monoids, Frobenius structures and Hopf algebras, showing how they can be used to model classical information and complementary observables. We describe the CP construction, a categorical tool to describe probabilistic quantum systems. The last chapter introduces higher categories, surface diagrams and 2-Hilbert spaces, and shows how the language of duality in monoidal 2-categories can be used to reason about quantum protocols, including quantum teleportation and dense coding. Previous knowledge of linear algebra, quantum information or category theory would give an ideal background for studying this text, but it is not assumed, with essential background material given in a self-contained introductory chapter. Throughout the text, we point out links with many other areas, such as representation theory, topology, quantum algebra, knot theory and probability theory, and present nonstandard models including sets and relations. All results are stated rigorously and full proofs are given as far as possible, making this book an invaluable reference for modern techniques in quantum logic, with much of the material not available in any other textbook.
Peter W. Culicover
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199660230
- eISBN:
- 9780191748240
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199660230.003.0009
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
This chapter examines the Adverb Effect and considers what it suggests about Empty Category Principle (ECP) accounts of the that-t effect. It then explores extensions of the Adverb Effect and shows ...
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This chapter examines the Adverb Effect and considers what it suggests about Empty Category Principle (ECP) accounts of the that-t effect. It then explores extensions of the Adverb Effect and shows that it has some interesting implications for the analysis of parasitic gaps.Less
This chapter examines the Adverb Effect and considers what it suggests about Empty Category Principle (ECP) accounts of the that-t effect. It then explores extensions of the Adverb Effect and shows that it has some interesting implications for the analysis of parasitic gaps.
Andrew Steane
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- June 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780198716044
- eISBN:
- 9780191784286
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198716044.003.0006
- Subject:
- Physics, Particle Physics / Astrophysics / Cosmology
Science is a human activity, and in order to preserve and cherish it we must preserve and cherish all human values. It is quite false to say that science invites us to assert that humans are ...
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Science is a human activity, and in order to preserve and cherish it we must preserve and cherish all human values. It is quite false to say that science invites us to assert that humans are automatons with no true capacity to love each other or think for themselves, only a delusion of that. That conclusion is far from established by evidence, and, in any case, it is self-defeating, because it implies that our thoughts could not be steered by an appeal to reason, being inexorably channelled or randomly thrown by microscopic rules having nothing to do with the reasoning process. Such thinking makes science impossible, along with all other valuable activities. Free will is also probably required for the validity of science, but in any case there is nothing wrong with the view that humans possess free will to a significant degree.Less
Science is a human activity, and in order to preserve and cherish it we must preserve and cherish all human values. It is quite false to say that science invites us to assert that humans are automatons with no true capacity to love each other or think for themselves, only a delusion of that. That conclusion is far from established by evidence, and, in any case, it is self-defeating, because it implies that our thoughts could not be steered by an appeal to reason, being inexorably channelled or randomly thrown by microscopic rules having nothing to do with the reasoning process. Such thinking makes science impossible, along with all other valuable activities. Free will is also probably required for the validity of science, but in any case there is nothing wrong with the view that humans possess free will to a significant degree.
Govind Bhattacharjee
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- April 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780199460830
- eISBN:
- 9780199086528
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199460830.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Indian Politics
Eleven economically backward hill states of India sharing international boundaries comprise the group of ‘Special Category States’. Lacking in economic resources and being geographically isolated ...
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Eleven economically backward hill states of India sharing international boundaries comprise the group of ‘Special Category States’. Lacking in economic resources and being geographically isolated from the rest of the country, they not only suffer from serious physical and economic handicaps, but protracted phases of violent militancy had further stymied the development of many of these states. To address their problems, Centre has awarded them the ‘Special Category Status’ which gives them perpetual access to Central plan assistance on liberal terms, but without creating the necessary institutional and accountability mechanisms. The scale of backwardness of individual states is not considered and neither is there any performance expectation from them. In the absence of an appropriate structure, the arrangement only created a group of states which, barring a few exceptions, remained perpetually dependent on central funding for their survival and sustenance. Now that fresh demands are being raised by some states for this status, these issues are assuming increasing importance. However, no objective assessment of the Special Category Status has ever been made in the public domain. This book explores the reality of the special category states, going down to the roots of their backwardness. Examining the reality of these states in the context of asymmetric federalism in India and analysing stupendous amounts of data, it traces their socio-economic progress and public financial management ever since the status was first awarded in 1969. The book presents a critical evaluation of the mechanism of special category status and raises a number of extremely relevant issues.Less
Eleven economically backward hill states of India sharing international boundaries comprise the group of ‘Special Category States’. Lacking in economic resources and being geographically isolated from the rest of the country, they not only suffer from serious physical and economic handicaps, but protracted phases of violent militancy had further stymied the development of many of these states. To address their problems, Centre has awarded them the ‘Special Category Status’ which gives them perpetual access to Central plan assistance on liberal terms, but without creating the necessary institutional and accountability mechanisms. The scale of backwardness of individual states is not considered and neither is there any performance expectation from them. In the absence of an appropriate structure, the arrangement only created a group of states which, barring a few exceptions, remained perpetually dependent on central funding for their survival and sustenance. Now that fresh demands are being raised by some states for this status, these issues are assuming increasing importance. However, no objective assessment of the Special Category Status has ever been made in the public domain. This book explores the reality of the special category states, going down to the roots of their backwardness. Examining the reality of these states in the context of asymmetric federalism in India and analysing stupendous amounts of data, it traces their socio-economic progress and public financial management ever since the status was first awarded in 1969. The book presents a critical evaluation of the mechanism of special category status and raises a number of extremely relevant issues.
Govind Bhattacharjee
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- April 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780199460830
- eISBN:
- 9780199086528
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199460830.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Indian Politics
This chapter discusses the genesis of the special category status. In doing so, it traverses the whole gamut of centre-state financial relations including the transfer of central resources to states ...
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This chapter discusses the genesis of the special category status. In doing so, it traverses the whole gamut of centre-state financial relations including the transfer of central resources to states through the Planning and the Finance Commissions and the constitutional issues involved therein, modes of plan assistance and evolution of the Gadgil formula. It discusses the subsequent distortions introduced into the formula based Gadgil transfers by the continued proliferation of centrally sponsored schemes and also the direct transfer of plan funds to implementing agencies of these schemes outside state budgets, which diluted and defeated the purpose of Gadgil transfers. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the arbitrariness of criteria devised by the Planning Commission for awarding the special category status.Less
This chapter discusses the genesis of the special category status. In doing so, it traverses the whole gamut of centre-state financial relations including the transfer of central resources to states through the Planning and the Finance Commissions and the constitutional issues involved therein, modes of plan assistance and evolution of the Gadgil formula. It discusses the subsequent distortions introduced into the formula based Gadgil transfers by the continued proliferation of centrally sponsored schemes and also the direct transfer of plan funds to implementing agencies of these schemes outside state budgets, which diluted and defeated the purpose of Gadgil transfers. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the arbitrariness of criteria devised by the Planning Commission for awarding the special category status.
