Alan Ryder
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199207367
- eISBN:
- 9780191708718
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199207367.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This chapter focuses on the efforts of remensas to promote their cause and the opposition they faced. In March 1452, Alfonso instructed Queen Maria to protect the remensas from harassment and ensure ...
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This chapter focuses on the efforts of remensas to promote their cause and the opposition they faced. In March 1452, Alfonso instructed Queen Maria to protect the remensas from harassment and ensure that they freely pursued their plea. Like that of the Busca, the cause of the remensas had to contend in the Neapolitan court with the influence of its enemies. Prominent among these were the deputies dispatched there by the Catalan Corts in December 1451. Pleading the Constitutions of Catalonia, they argued for an annulment or at least suspension of the remensa action.Less
This chapter focuses on the efforts of remensas to promote their cause and the opposition they faced. In March 1452, Alfonso instructed Queen Maria to protect the remensas from harassment and ensure that they freely pursued their plea. Like that of the Busca, the cause of the remensas had to contend in the Neapolitan court with the influence of its enemies. Prominent among these were the deputies dispatched there by the Catalan Corts in December 1451. Pleading the Constitutions of Catalonia, they argued for an annulment or at least suspension of the remensa action.
T. N. Bisson
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202363
- eISBN:
- 9780191675294
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202363.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This introductory chapter sets out the focus on the book, namely the history of the Crown of Aragon. It examines the history of the lands they ruled, of societies in Aragon and the Catalan-speaking ...
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This introductory chapter sets out the focus on the book, namely the history of the Crown of Aragon. It examines the history of the lands they ruled, of societies in Aragon and the Catalan-speaking counties that were on the threshold of national identity when their ruling dynasties merged and that continued to evolve in distinctive ways. It highlights the most salient peculiarity of the medieval Crown of Aragon: the rise of Catalonia to pre-eminence in the federation.Less
This introductory chapter sets out the focus on the book, namely the history of the Crown of Aragon. It examines the history of the lands they ruled, of societies in Aragon and the Catalan-speaking counties that were on the threshold of national identity when their ruling dynasties merged and that continued to evolve in distinctive ways. It highlights the most salient peculiarity of the medieval Crown of Aragon: the rise of Catalonia to pre-eminence in the federation.
T. N. Bisson
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202363
- eISBN:
- 9780191675294
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202363.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This chapter presents some concluding thoughts from the author. History played her customary tricks on the Crown of Aragon. It kept alive the memory of a golden age while allowing people to forget ...
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This chapter presents some concluding thoughts from the author. History played her customary tricks on the Crown of Aragon. It kept alive the memory of a golden age while allowing people to forget who enjoyed it and when. The Aragonese took early refuge in the myth of an ancient constitution, placing its genesis just before the beginnings of recorded (medieval) time. The Catalans likewise gloried in their privileges, which they associated with their Corts, the Generalitat, and resistance to Castile. Few anywhere remembered the grim realities of the later Middle Ages, which were succeeded by recoveries, crises, and disasters of equally momentous impact; few entirely forgot that an age of independence had preceded their own.Less
This chapter presents some concluding thoughts from the author. History played her customary tricks on the Crown of Aragon. It kept alive the memory of a golden age while allowing people to forget who enjoyed it and when. The Aragonese took early refuge in the myth of an ancient constitution, placing its genesis just before the beginnings of recorded (medieval) time. The Catalans likewise gloried in their privileges, which they associated with their Corts, the Generalitat, and resistance to Castile. Few anywhere remembered the grim realities of the later Middle Ages, which were succeeded by recoveries, crises, and disasters of equally momentous impact; few entirely forgot that an age of independence had preceded their own.
Mireya Folch‐Serra and Joan Nogue‐Font
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199242146
- eISBN:
- 9780191599651
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199242143.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Considers the impact of globalization on the capacity to establish and maintain public space in the specific setting of Catalonia, as evidenced by the coverage of globalization issues in the Catalan ...
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Considers the impact of globalization on the capacity to establish and maintain public space in the specific setting of Catalonia, as evidenced by the coverage of globalization issues in the Catalan media. Traits of civil society such as the dialogue established by individuals and institutions, the incorporation of individuals into groups through institutions, and the political spaces enclosing cultural, religious, and social alliances are represented and discussed in the Catalan media. The chapter's main objective is to assess, in the light of Catalan publications dating from the 1800s to 1997, the role played by the media in the formation and preservation of local identity in Catalonia.Less
Considers the impact of globalization on the capacity to establish and maintain public space in the specific setting of Catalonia, as evidenced by the coverage of globalization issues in the Catalan media. Traits of civil society such as the dialogue established by individuals and institutions, the incorporation of individuals into groups through institutions, and the political spaces enclosing cultural, religious, and social alliances are represented and discussed in the Catalan media. The chapter's main objective is to assess, in the light of Catalan publications dating from the 1800s to 1997, the role played by the media in the formation and preservation of local identity in Catalonia.
Stephen Tierney
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199298617
- eISBN:
- 9780191708855
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199298617.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
Over the past thirty years, sub-State national minorities in a number of developed liberal democracies have both reasserted their cultural distinctiveness and demanded recognition of it in legal and ...
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Over the past thirty years, sub-State national minorities in a number of developed liberal democracies have both reasserted their cultural distinctiveness and demanded recognition of it in legal and political terms. This phenomenon has been the subject of considerable study by sociologists, political scientists, and political theorists. This book differs by offering a study of the consequences of these rights claims for legal systems. It examines the role played by law, especially constitutional law, in the negotiation of the complex relationships and competing rights claims involving the State, national minorities, and other groups and individuals within the State. This book addresses the constitutional issues, both in theory and in practice, that accompany the existence of national diversity in pluralist democracies. The book contends that the democratic plurinational state, characterized by the presence of more than one national group within the State, is a discrete category of multi-level polity which defies the standard classifications of liberal constitutionalism. Building upon this theoretical basis, this book then focuses upon recent developments towards the institutional accommodation of Catalonia, Quebec, and Scotland. The book examines the legal issues which arise from the challenges posed by national minorities within multinational democracies, to the constitutional and institutional structures of particular States, and also to some of the fundamental precepts of democratic constitutional theory and practice.Less
Over the past thirty years, sub-State national minorities in a number of developed liberal democracies have both reasserted their cultural distinctiveness and demanded recognition of it in legal and political terms. This phenomenon has been the subject of considerable study by sociologists, political scientists, and political theorists. This book differs by offering a study of the consequences of these rights claims for legal systems. It examines the role played by law, especially constitutional law, in the negotiation of the complex relationships and competing rights claims involving the State, national minorities, and other groups and individuals within the State. This book addresses the constitutional issues, both in theory and in practice, that accompany the existence of national diversity in pluralist democracies. The book contends that the democratic plurinational state, characterized by the presence of more than one national group within the State, is a discrete category of multi-level polity which defies the standard classifications of liberal constitutionalism. Building upon this theoretical basis, this book then focuses upon recent developments towards the institutional accommodation of Catalonia, Quebec, and Scotland. The book examines the legal issues which arise from the challenges posed by national minorities within multinational democracies, to the constitutional and institutional structures of particular States, and also to some of the fundamental precepts of democratic constitutional theory and practice.
Alan Ryder
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199207367
- eISBN:
- 9780191708718
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199207367.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This chapter focuses on conflicts in the lesser towns and cities that lent crucial weight to the forces that were tearing Catalonia apart. The example of Girona illustrates the condition of these ...
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This chapter focuses on conflicts in the lesser towns and cities that lent crucial weight to the forces that were tearing Catalonia apart. The example of Girona illustrates the condition of these smaller urban centres. Girona was in a state of violent social unrest orchestrated by factions (bandols) for whom control of the municipality represented both an object and an instrument of their rivalry.Less
This chapter focuses on conflicts in the lesser towns and cities that lent crucial weight to the forces that were tearing Catalonia apart. The example of Girona illustrates the condition of these smaller urban centres. Girona was in a state of violent social unrest orchestrated by factions (bandols) for whom control of the municipality represented both an object and an instrument of their rivalry.
Alan Ryder
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199207367
- eISBN:
- 9780191708718
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199207367.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This chapter focuses on the power and authority of the Corts of Catalonia. For over two centuries, the Corts of Catalonia's control over legislation and extraordinary taxation had forced monarchs to ...
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This chapter focuses on the power and authority of the Corts of Catalonia. For over two centuries, the Corts of Catalonia's control over legislation and extraordinary taxation had forced monarchs to treat them as partners, and sometimes as rivals, in government. In the Diputació del General de Catalunya — the permanent delegation that watched over their interests between sessions — the Corts possessed an executive instrument that rivaled any belonging to the crown.Less
This chapter focuses on the power and authority of the Corts of Catalonia. For over two centuries, the Corts of Catalonia's control over legislation and extraordinary taxation had forced monarchs to treat them as partners, and sometimes as rivals, in government. In the Diputació del General de Catalunya — the permanent delegation that watched over their interests between sessions — the Corts possessed an executive instrument that rivaled any belonging to the crown.
Iván Llamazares and Gary Marks
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199202812
- eISBN:
- 9780191708008
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199202812.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union, Democratization
South European countries share a tradition of centralized government, which was reinforced by authoritarian regimes. However, democratization was accompanied by regional mobilization, particularly in ...
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South European countries share a tradition of centralized government, which was reinforced by authoritarian regimes. However, democratization was accompanied by regional mobilization, particularly in Spain, where the double pressure from the EU and empowered regional governments weakened the central state. Examples are Catalonia and the Basque Country, which have strong ethno-territorial movements that took advantage of Spain's integration into the EU. European integration provided regional actors with new avenues for mobilization. The Basque Country is subjected to a destabilizing contest between nationalists and non-nationalists, while Catalan nationalists have been more pragmatic, without loosing their assertiveness and their focus on obtaining ever greater autonomy. Survey data show that the share of Basques and Catalans who consider themselves exclusively Spanish has declined dramatically, while after 1979 the share of those who claim having balanced multiple identities has risen. While separatism has become weaker over time, European integration has strengthened territorial identities.Less
South European countries share a tradition of centralized government, which was reinforced by authoritarian regimes. However, democratization was accompanied by regional mobilization, particularly in Spain, where the double pressure from the EU and empowered regional governments weakened the central state. Examples are Catalonia and the Basque Country, which have strong ethno-territorial movements that took advantage of Spain's integration into the EU. European integration provided regional actors with new avenues for mobilization. The Basque Country is subjected to a destabilizing contest between nationalists and non-nationalists, while Catalan nationalists have been more pragmatic, without loosing their assertiveness and their focus on obtaining ever greater autonomy. Survey data show that the share of Basques and Catalans who consider themselves exclusively Spanish has declined dramatically, while after 1979 the share of those who claim having balanced multiple identities has risen. While separatism has become weaker over time, European integration has strengthened territorial identities.
Klaus Stolz
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719079795
- eISBN:
- 9781781703120
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719079795.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
Focusing on professional politicians, this book investigates the interrelationship between political career patterns and political institutions in two of the most widely discussed cases of ...
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Focusing on professional politicians, this book investigates the interrelationship between political career patterns and political institutions in two of the most widely discussed cases of regionalism: Catalonia and Scotland. It deals with two different yet closely related sets of questions. Firstly, how do professional politicians pursue their careers in the regional context? And secondly, how do they shape and reshape the political institutions in which they pursue these careers? The book is based on extensive empirical research including a comprehensive data set on the careers of Catalan and Scottish parliamentarians, systematic surveys of regional representatives as well as in-depth interviews with a wide range of politicians and experts in both regions. Exploring the effects of political professionalisation on regional democracy, it goes beyond traditional studies of regionalism and decentralization, while its focus on the regional career arena introduces a territorial dimension to the study of political careers.Less
Focusing on professional politicians, this book investigates the interrelationship between political career patterns and political institutions in two of the most widely discussed cases of regionalism: Catalonia and Scotland. It deals with two different yet closely related sets of questions. Firstly, how do professional politicians pursue their careers in the regional context? And secondly, how do they shape and reshape the political institutions in which they pursue these careers? The book is based on extensive empirical research including a comprehensive data set on the careers of Catalan and Scottish parliamentarians, systematic surveys of regional representatives as well as in-depth interviews with a wide range of politicians and experts in both regions. Exploring the effects of political professionalisation on regional democracy, it goes beyond traditional studies of regionalism and decentralization, while its focus on the regional career arena introduces a territorial dimension to the study of political careers.
Sebastian Balfour and Alejandro Quiroga
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199206674
- eISBN:
- 9780191709791
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199206674.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter explores the issue of national identity in Catalonia and Basque Country. Catalan identity was constructed in opposition to Castile, a region considered backward, oppressive, and ...
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This chapter explores the issue of national identity in Catalonia and Basque Country. Catalan identity was constructed in opposition to Castile, a region considered backward, oppressive, and responsible for hampering the progress of Catalonia. Yet, far from promoting secession, Catalanism advocated political autonomy while demanding Spanish protection of Catalan industry from foreign competition. Basque nationalism emerged in Bilbao in the 1890s as a reaction against modernization. Unlike Catalanism, Basque nationalism sought independence from Spain from the beginning. Since the early 1980s, Catalan and Basque nationalism began to compete with the state using the agencies of their regional governments. In some key aspects, such as the consolidation of a national historical narrative and a set of myths and symbols, regional nationalists have proved far more effective that their Spanish counterparts, strengthening their citizens' identification with Catalonia and the Basque Country. Yet contrary to their expectations, the process of nation-building did not create exclusive identities. Instead, it fostered the rise of dual identities. Devolution and nation-building policies did not undermine Spanish identity in Catalonia and the Basque Country. Instead, exclusive Spanish identities gave way to more complex levels of identification with the autonomous communities. Many of those Catalans and Basques who did not identify with their region during the transition have gradually come to do so. Thus, Spanish identity has been reinvented not just as modern and democratic but also as a dual identity, especially in Catalonia.Less
This chapter explores the issue of national identity in Catalonia and Basque Country. Catalan identity was constructed in opposition to Castile, a region considered backward, oppressive, and responsible for hampering the progress of Catalonia. Yet, far from promoting secession, Catalanism advocated political autonomy while demanding Spanish protection of Catalan industry from foreign competition. Basque nationalism emerged in Bilbao in the 1890s as a reaction against modernization. Unlike Catalanism, Basque nationalism sought independence from Spain from the beginning. Since the early 1980s, Catalan and Basque nationalism began to compete with the state using the agencies of their regional governments. In some key aspects, such as the consolidation of a national historical narrative and a set of myths and symbols, regional nationalists have proved far more effective that their Spanish counterparts, strengthening their citizens' identification with Catalonia and the Basque Country. Yet contrary to their expectations, the process of nation-building did not create exclusive identities. Instead, it fostered the rise of dual identities. Devolution and nation-building policies did not undermine Spanish identity in Catalonia and the Basque Country. Instead, exclusive Spanish identities gave way to more complex levels of identification with the autonomous communities. Many of those Catalans and Basques who did not identify with their region during the transition have gradually come to do so. Thus, Spanish identity has been reinvented not just as modern and democratic but also as a dual identity, especially in Catalonia.
Jose Alvarez-Junco
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719075797
- eISBN:
- 9781781701737
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719075797.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
First published in Spanish in 2001, this book is a study of the development of Spanish national identity (‘the idea of Spain’) from the end of the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries. It breaks ...
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First published in Spanish in 2001, this book is a study of the development of Spanish national identity (‘the idea of Spain’) from the end of the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries. It breaks away from an academic obsession with the sub-nationalism of Catalonia and the Basque Country to examine the predominant form of national consciousness, against which they reacted. The book traces the emergence and evolution of an initial collective identity within the Iberian Peninsula from the Middle Ages to the end of the ancien regime based on the Catholic religion, loyalty to the Crown and Empire. The adaptation of this identity to the modern era, beginning with the Napoleonic Wars and the liberal revolutions, forms the crux of this study. None the less, the book also embraces the highly contested evolution of the national identity in the twentieth century, including both the Civil War and the Franco Dictatorship. It ranges widely over diverse subjects such as representations of the past in Spain, the role of the arts and sciences in creating national consciousness, the impact of religion and Catholic ideas, the use of cultural symbolism, and the significance of contemporary events and political movements.Less
First published in Spanish in 2001, this book is a study of the development of Spanish national identity (‘the idea of Spain’) from the end of the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries. It breaks away from an academic obsession with the sub-nationalism of Catalonia and the Basque Country to examine the predominant form of national consciousness, against which they reacted. The book traces the emergence and evolution of an initial collective identity within the Iberian Peninsula from the Middle Ages to the end of the ancien regime based on the Catholic religion, loyalty to the Crown and Empire. The adaptation of this identity to the modern era, beginning with the Napoleonic Wars and the liberal revolutions, forms the crux of this study. None the less, the book also embraces the highly contested evolution of the national identity in the twentieth century, including both the Civil War and the Franco Dictatorship. It ranges widely over diverse subjects such as representations of the past in Spain, the role of the arts and sciences in creating national consciousness, the impact of religion and Catholic ideas, the use of cultural symbolism, and the significance of contemporary events and political movements.
Alan Ryder
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199207367
- eISBN:
- 9780191708718
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199207367.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This book examines the fate that overtook the principality of Catalonia in the 15th century, reducing it from dominance within the state of Aragon to a marginal role in the Iberian power created by ...
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This book examines the fate that overtook the principality of Catalonia in the 15th century, reducing it from dominance within the state of Aragon to a marginal role in the Iberian power created by the union of Aragon and Castile. Part one studies the tensions destabilizing Catalonia: unrest among a peasantry resentful of outdated burdens; merchants and artisans struggling to wrest control of the towns from entrenched oligarchies; an aristocracy devoted to endless feuding; and a monarchy thrown into disarray by the extinction of the Catalan line and its replacement by a Castilian dynasty. In 1462, Catalonia degenerated into a civil war that lasted ten years. Part two seeks to explain how and why the king, Juan II, emerged victorious. The economic and military resources of the two camps, their tactics, and the lines along which Catalan society divided are examined. The book looks at the crucial part played by foreign powers in the conflict, who intervened on both sides until Juan turned the tables with his gamble on a Castilian crown for his heir, Fernando. The surrender of the insurgents in 1472 left Catalonia chaotic, devastated, and mired in many more years of war with France as Juan struggled to recover the territories he had surrendered in return for French aid. Catalonia was then helpless before Fernando, the Catholic King of Castile, who became ruler of Catalonia in 1479. The measures he imposed to restore order and subject the principality to the new ‘Spanish’ state are the theme of the final chapter. The events discussed have a continuing resonance in Spain today.Less
This book examines the fate that overtook the principality of Catalonia in the 15th century, reducing it from dominance within the state of Aragon to a marginal role in the Iberian power created by the union of Aragon and Castile. Part one studies the tensions destabilizing Catalonia: unrest among a peasantry resentful of outdated burdens; merchants and artisans struggling to wrest control of the towns from entrenched oligarchies; an aristocracy devoted to endless feuding; and a monarchy thrown into disarray by the extinction of the Catalan line and its replacement by a Castilian dynasty. In 1462, Catalonia degenerated into a civil war that lasted ten years. Part two seeks to explain how and why the king, Juan II, emerged victorious. The economic and military resources of the two camps, their tactics, and the lines along which Catalan society divided are examined. The book looks at the crucial part played by foreign powers in the conflict, who intervened on both sides until Juan turned the tables with his gamble on a Castilian crown for his heir, Fernando. The surrender of the insurgents in 1472 left Catalonia chaotic, devastated, and mired in many more years of war with France as Juan struggled to recover the territories he had surrendered in return for French aid. Catalonia was then helpless before Fernando, the Catholic King of Castile, who became ruler of Catalonia in 1479. The measures he imposed to restore order and subject the principality to the new ‘Spanish’ state are the theme of the final chapter. The events discussed have a continuing resonance in Spain today.
Suzanne F. Cawsey
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199251858
- eISBN:
- 9780191719073
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199251858.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
It was with the Infant Pere's nephew and rival, King Pedro IV, and his son Martin I, that royal preaching in Aragon reached its apogee. Full texts of three of Pedro IV's sermons survive, and more or ...
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It was with the Infant Pere's nephew and rival, King Pedro IV, and his son Martin I, that royal preaching in Aragon reached its apogee. Full texts of three of Pedro IV's sermons survive, and more or less detailed summaries of seven others. In his chronicle he describes several speeches that were probably in the style of sermons with illustrations from Scripture and works of literature and history. However, the king aptly dubbed ‘the Ceremonious’ was usually far more interested in providing a vivid account of the magnificent settings in which his speeches were declaimed than of the actual words he used. Most of Pedro IV's sermons are recorded in the official proceedings of the cortes of Aragon and Catalonia. In the Crown of Aragon, a tradition of royal preaching was clearly established under King Jaime I and maintained by his successors, spreading to Sicily after its conquest by Pedro III.Less
It was with the Infant Pere's nephew and rival, King Pedro IV, and his son Martin I, that royal preaching in Aragon reached its apogee. Full texts of three of Pedro IV's sermons survive, and more or less detailed summaries of seven others. In his chronicle he describes several speeches that were probably in the style of sermons with illustrations from Scripture and works of literature and history. However, the king aptly dubbed ‘the Ceremonious’ was usually far more interested in providing a vivid account of the magnificent settings in which his speeches were declaimed than of the actual words he used. Most of Pedro IV's sermons are recorded in the official proceedings of the cortes of Aragon and Catalonia. In the Crown of Aragon, a tradition of royal preaching was clearly established under King Jaime I and maintained by his successors, spreading to Sicily after its conquest by Pedro III.
Adam J. Kosto
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199651702
- eISBN:
- 9780191741999
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199651702.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This chapter studies the early history of an entirely new form of hostageship in which the human pledge is not handed over immediately but simply promised. The chapter argues that what has been ...
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This chapter studies the early history of an entirely new form of hostageship in which the human pledge is not handed over immediately but simply promised. The chapter argues that what has been interpreted as a tangential development in the history of law is very much a part of the story of hostageship in the Middle Ages. Most of the earliest evidence comes from Southern Francia and Catalonia, in texts associated with the Peace of God and convenientiae concerning the control of castles. Conditional hostages play important roles in the spread of hostageship to financial transactions, with crucial implications for our interpretation of the relationship between the worlds of lordship and commerce, and they are a key to understanding the earliest written political treaties.Less
This chapter studies the early history of an entirely new form of hostageship in which the human pledge is not handed over immediately but simply promised. The chapter argues that what has been interpreted as a tangential development in the history of law is very much a part of the story of hostageship in the Middle Ages. Most of the earliest evidence comes from Southern Francia and Catalonia, in texts associated with the Peace of God and convenientiae concerning the control of castles. Conditional hostages play important roles in the spread of hostageship to financial transactions, with crucial implications for our interpretation of the relationship between the worlds of lordship and commerce, and they are a key to understanding the earliest written political treaties.
T. N. Bisson
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202363
- eISBN:
- 9780191675294
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202363.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
The passing of Martin the Humanist extinguished the oldest line of direct princely descent in Europe. The fate of Germany in 1268, of France in 1328, and of England in 1399 was now to befall the ...
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The passing of Martin the Humanist extinguished the oldest line of direct princely descent in Europe. The fate of Germany in 1268, of France in 1328, and of England in 1399 was now to befall the Crown of Aragon at a time when the mysterious potency of dynastic right remained undiminished. People were conscious of the crisis before Martin's death, and there can be no doubt that in the 15th century they looked back to the deliberations of 1410–12 as the beginning of a new epoch, and wondered — as modern historians have wondered — about what might have been. Yet the resolution of the crisis was compatible with new tendencies in political outlook and constitutional law; it provided for a dynastic rapprochement between Aragon and Castile that had been in the wind for centuries and that arguably made sense in geopolitical terms. This chapter discusses the compromise of Caspe (1412), the reigns of Ferdinand I (of Antequera, 1412–1416), Alphonse V (IV in Catalonia, 1416–1458), John II (1458–1479) and the Catalonian civil war, and the Trastámara count-kings.Less
The passing of Martin the Humanist extinguished the oldest line of direct princely descent in Europe. The fate of Germany in 1268, of France in 1328, and of England in 1399 was now to befall the Crown of Aragon at a time when the mysterious potency of dynastic right remained undiminished. People were conscious of the crisis before Martin's death, and there can be no doubt that in the 15th century they looked back to the deliberations of 1410–12 as the beginning of a new epoch, and wondered — as modern historians have wondered — about what might have been. Yet the resolution of the crisis was compatible with new tendencies in political outlook and constitutional law; it provided for a dynastic rapprochement between Aragon and Castile that had been in the wind for centuries and that arguably made sense in geopolitical terms. This chapter discusses the compromise of Caspe (1412), the reigns of Ferdinand I (of Antequera, 1412–1416), Alphonse V (IV in Catalonia, 1416–1458), John II (1458–1479) and the Catalonian civil war, and the Trastámara count-kings.
T. N. Bisson
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202363
- eISBN:
- 9780191675294
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202363.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
War, dynastic failure, and political strife were not reserved for the Crown of Aragon in the later Middle Ages. France, England, and even Castile also suffered these scourges, and — until about 1460 ...
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War, dynastic failure, and political strife were not reserved for the Crown of Aragon in the later Middle Ages. France, England, and even Castile also suffered these scourges, and — until about 1460 — arguably in more acute forms. Catalonia, which fared worst among the Crown's lands, experienced little violence at home until the civil war (1462–72), while her knights, mariners, and merchants seldom lacked the freedom to decide which foreign wars they thought worth fighting. Yet the civil war when it came left the land reeling from political, social, and economic maladies; maladies so compounded as to place the Catalans and their confederates virtually at the mercy of powerful neighbours well on the way to recovery at the dawn of the modern era. This chapter discusses how the troubles in 15th-century Catalonia, while in some respects the result of peculiar circumstances and mistaken policies, were symptomatic of deeper and often older problems characteristic of the Crown of Aragon.Less
War, dynastic failure, and political strife were not reserved for the Crown of Aragon in the later Middle Ages. France, England, and even Castile also suffered these scourges, and — until about 1460 — arguably in more acute forms. Catalonia, which fared worst among the Crown's lands, experienced little violence at home until the civil war (1462–72), while her knights, mariners, and merchants seldom lacked the freedom to decide which foreign wars they thought worth fighting. Yet the civil war when it came left the land reeling from political, social, and economic maladies; maladies so compounded as to place the Catalans and their confederates virtually at the mercy of powerful neighbours well on the way to recovery at the dawn of the modern era. This chapter discusses how the troubles in 15th-century Catalonia, while in some respects the result of peculiar circumstances and mistaken policies, were symptomatic of deeper and often older problems characteristic of the Crown of Aragon.
Burnett Bolloten
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469624464
- eISBN:
- 9781469624488
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469624464.003.0062
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter is an account of the circumstances leading to the fall of Catalonia in February 1939, such as a breakdown of the logistical support offered by the Soviets and the dreams of a postwar ...
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This chapter is an account of the circumstances leading to the fall of Catalonia in February 1939, such as a breakdown of the logistical support offered by the Soviets and the dreams of a postwar Republican regime, as well as its aftermath, including the final symbolic meeting of the Cortes. It also shows how the start of General Franco's offensive on Catalonia in December 1938 and capture of Barcelona on the following year climaxed the demoralization and defeatism of the Catalan workers. Catalonia's working class had formed the backbone of the opposition to General Franco, and their demoralization was primarily accelerated by the actions of Negrín and the PCE. The middle classes, upon whose good will and confidence the Communists had risen to power during the previous years, likewise grew disenchanted with the party's resistance policy and its thirteen-point aims.Less
This chapter is an account of the circumstances leading to the fall of Catalonia in February 1939, such as a breakdown of the logistical support offered by the Soviets and the dreams of a postwar Republican regime, as well as its aftermath, including the final symbolic meeting of the Cortes. It also shows how the start of General Franco's offensive on Catalonia in December 1938 and capture of Barcelona on the following year climaxed the demoralization and defeatism of the Catalan workers. Catalonia's working class had formed the backbone of the opposition to General Franco, and their demoralization was primarily accelerated by the actions of Negrín and the PCE. The middle classes, upon whose good will and confidence the Communists had risen to power during the previous years, likewise grew disenchanted with the party's resistance policy and its thirteen-point aims.
Clive Griffin
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199280735
- eISBN:
- 9780191712920
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199280735.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
In the 1560s, the Spanish authorities felt themselves beset on several fronts owing to the rise of Protestantism in Northern Europe; the fear of a heretical 5th-column at home, in Catalonia, in the ...
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In the 1560s, the Spanish authorities felt themselves beset on several fronts owing to the rise of Protestantism in Northern Europe; the fear of a heretical 5th-column at home, in Catalonia, in the Spanish Netherlands, and in the New World; suspicion of France at the time of the Wars of Religion in that country; and the rising of the moriscos in the Andalusia. This situation produced the gravest crisis Spain had experienced for many years. At just this time, a network of foreign printing-workers with Reformist inclinations was uncovered in Spain. The Inquisition moved swiftly to crush it. The records of the Holy Office present a series of challenges to the researcher, but nevertheless provide a unique source of information about the humble artisans who formed the backbone of the Iberian printing industry.Less
In the 1560s, the Spanish authorities felt themselves beset on several fronts owing to the rise of Protestantism in Northern Europe; the fear of a heretical 5th-column at home, in Catalonia, in the Spanish Netherlands, and in the New World; suspicion of France at the time of the Wars of Religion in that country; and the rising of the moriscos in the Andalusia. This situation produced the gravest crisis Spain had experienced for many years. At just this time, a network of foreign printing-workers with Reformist inclinations was uncovered in Spain. The Inquisition moved swiftly to crush it. The records of the Holy Office present a series of challenges to the researcher, but nevertheless provide a unique source of information about the humble artisans who formed the backbone of the Iberian printing industry.
Clive Griffin
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199280735
- eISBN:
- 9780191712920
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199280735.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
Under duress, the French printing-workers Guillermo Herlin and Benito Dulcet denounced a large number of their colleagues. Herlin had worked in Geneva and the Low Countries as well as Spain, and had ...
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Under duress, the French printing-workers Guillermo Herlin and Benito Dulcet denounced a large number of their colleagues. Herlin had worked in Geneva and the Low Countries as well as Spain, and had come into contact with numerous fellow heretics in the printing industry; his denunciations also settled personal scores with some of them. The Inquisition acted upon his and an ever-wider skein of accusations, tracking down and arresting foreign workers in a series of Spanish towns: Alcalá de Henares, Salamanca, Toledo, Barcelona, etc. The zeal of the Toledo inquisitors, who spearheaded the smashing of the network of heretical printing-workers created friction with the secular and inquisitional authorities in other regions, especially Catalonia. The Toledo prison soon became overcrowded and caused serious problems for the Holy Office and its prisoners.Less
Under duress, the French printing-workers Guillermo Herlin and Benito Dulcet denounced a large number of their colleagues. Herlin had worked in Geneva and the Low Countries as well as Spain, and had come into contact with numerous fellow heretics in the printing industry; his denunciations also settled personal scores with some of them. The Inquisition acted upon his and an ever-wider skein of accusations, tracking down and arresting foreign workers in a series of Spanish towns: Alcalá de Henares, Salamanca, Toledo, Barcelona, etc. The zeal of the Toledo inquisitors, who spearheaded the smashing of the network of heretical printing-workers created friction with the secular and inquisitional authorities in other regions, especially Catalonia. The Toledo prison soon became overcrowded and caused serious problems for the Holy Office and its prisoners.
Alan Ryder
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199207367
- eISBN:
- 9780191708718
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199207367.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This chapter focuses on Juan II, who inherited the throne of Aragon following the death of Alfonso. On his first appearance as sovereign in Catalonia, Juan dispelled all doubt as to his stance on the ...
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This chapter focuses on Juan II, who inherited the throne of Aragon following the death of Alfonso. On his first appearance as sovereign in Catalonia, Juan dispelled all doubt as to his stance on the peasant issue. Realizing that Juan was no better disposed towards them than his brother had been, the reactionary forces in Catalonia began to seek ways of imposing their will upon him.Less
This chapter focuses on Juan II, who inherited the throne of Aragon following the death of Alfonso. On his first appearance as sovereign in Catalonia, Juan dispelled all doubt as to his stance on the peasant issue. Realizing that Juan was no better disposed towards them than his brother had been, the reactionary forces in Catalonia began to seek ways of imposing their will upon him.
