Jan Bures, F. Bermudez-Rattoni, and T. Yamamoto
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198523475
- eISBN:
- 9780191712678
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198523475.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Neuropsychology
Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) is a robust defence device protecting animals against the repeated consumption of toxic food. CTA is due to an association of the gustatory conditional stimulus (CS) ...
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Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) is a robust defence device protecting animals against the repeated consumption of toxic food. CTA is due to an association of the gustatory conditional stimulus (CS) with the delayed visceral unconditional stimulus (US). Chapter 1 gives a brief survey of the history of CTA. Chapter 2 describes the methodology of behavioral tests undertaken. Chapter 3 reviews the centers in the brainstem, the diencephalon and insular cortex: the removal of which interferes with CTA. Chapter 4 deals with CTA disruption by local inactivation of insular cortex and of various extracortical regions. Chapter 5 describes drugs which can serve as US in CTA experiments or can block CTA retrieval. Chapter 6 describes the electrophysiology of neurons during formation or retrieval of CTA. Chapter 7 analyzes the interaction of gustatory and visceral afferents manifested by c-fos early genes. Chapter 8 concentrates on the possible repair of CTA blocking lesions by transplantation of fetal grafts. Chapter 9 discusses the paradoxes of CTA research, e.g., learning without awareness, CTA formed during blockade of proteosynthesis, or by rewarding drugs.Less
Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) is a robust defence device protecting animals against the repeated consumption of toxic food. CTA is due to an association of the gustatory conditional stimulus (CS) with the delayed visceral unconditional stimulus (US). Chapter 1 gives a brief survey of the history of CTA. Chapter 2 describes the methodology of behavioral tests undertaken. Chapter 3 reviews the centers in the brainstem, the diencephalon and insular cortex: the removal of which interferes with CTA. Chapter 4 deals with CTA disruption by local inactivation of insular cortex and of various extracortical regions. Chapter 5 describes drugs which can serve as US in CTA experiments or can block CTA retrieval. Chapter 6 describes the electrophysiology of neurons during formation or retrieval of CTA. Chapter 7 analyzes the interaction of gustatory and visceral afferents manifested by c-fos early genes. Chapter 8 concentrates on the possible repair of CTA blocking lesions by transplantation of fetal grafts. Chapter 9 discusses the paradoxes of CTA research, e.g., learning without awareness, CTA formed during blockade of proteosynthesis, or by rewarding drugs.
Sinan Koont
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780813037578
- eISBN:
- 9780813042114
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813037578.003.0005
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
Cuba faced challenges in provisioning urban agriculture with a workforce, extension services, and material inputs, the Cuban efforts to deal with which this chapter addresses. There exist extensive ...
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Cuba faced challenges in provisioning urban agriculture with a workforce, extension services, and material inputs, the Cuban efforts to deal with which this chapter addresses. There exist extensive training, education, and dissemination efforts by various institutions, such as ACTAF, ANAP (farmer-to-farmer), GNAU, Centers for Sustainable Agriculture Studies, INCA, Agroecological Beacons Program, and GNAU. The efforts in educating school children include circles of interest (primary level) and a network of Agricultural Polytechnic Institutes (IPAs, secondary level). In terms of material inputs, seeds are available through municipal seed farms, and individual producers are encouraged to produce their own seeds. There also exist large-scale programs for providing organic/biological fertilizers, such as compost and worm humus, as well as a network of over 200 CREE centers producing biological pesticides. These materials are made available to the producers through CTA stores providing both sales of material inputs and extension services.Less
Cuba faced challenges in provisioning urban agriculture with a workforce, extension services, and material inputs, the Cuban efforts to deal with which this chapter addresses. There exist extensive training, education, and dissemination efforts by various institutions, such as ACTAF, ANAP (farmer-to-farmer), GNAU, Centers for Sustainable Agriculture Studies, INCA, Agroecological Beacons Program, and GNAU. The efforts in educating school children include circles of interest (primary level) and a network of Agricultural Polytechnic Institutes (IPAs, secondary level). In terms of material inputs, seeds are available through municipal seed farms, and individual producers are encouraged to produce their own seeds. There also exist large-scale programs for providing organic/biological fertilizers, such as compost and worm humus, as well as a network of over 200 CREE centers producing biological pesticides. These materials are made available to the producers through CTA stores providing both sales of material inputs and extension services.
Jesús H. Aguilar and Andrei A. Buckareff (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262014564
- eISBN:
- 9780262289139
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014564.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
The causal theory of action (CTA) is widely recognized in the literature of the philosophy of action as the “standard story” of human action and agency—the nearest approximation in the field to a ...
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The causal theory of action (CTA) is widely recognized in the literature of the philosophy of action as the “standard story” of human action and agency—the nearest approximation in the field to a theoretical orthodoxy. This book brings together work on action theory today and discusses issues relating to the CTA and its applications, which range from experimental philosophy to moral psychology. Some of the chapters defend the theory while others criticize it; some draw from historical sources while others focus on recent developments; some rely on the tools of analytic philosophy while others cite the latest empirical research on human action. All agree, however, on the centrality of the CTA in the philosophy of action. The chapters first consider metaphysical issues, then reasons-explanations of action, and, finally, new directions for thinking about the CTA. They discuss such topics as the tenability of some alternatives to the CTA; basic causal deviance; the etiology of action; teleologism and anticausalism; and the compatibility of the CTA with theories of embodied cognition. Two chapters engage in an exchange of views on intentional omissions that stretches over four chapters, and there are direct responses in follow-up chapters.Less
The causal theory of action (CTA) is widely recognized in the literature of the philosophy of action as the “standard story” of human action and agency—the nearest approximation in the field to a theoretical orthodoxy. This book brings together work on action theory today and discusses issues relating to the CTA and its applications, which range from experimental philosophy to moral psychology. Some of the chapters defend the theory while others criticize it; some draw from historical sources while others focus on recent developments; some rely on the tools of analytic philosophy while others cite the latest empirical research on human action. All agree, however, on the centrality of the CTA in the philosophy of action. The chapters first consider metaphysical issues, then reasons-explanations of action, and, finally, new directions for thinking about the CTA. They discuss such topics as the tenability of some alternatives to the CTA; basic causal deviance; the etiology of action; teleologism and anticausalism; and the compatibility of the CTA with theories of embodied cognition. Two chapters engage in an exchange of views on intentional omissions that stretches over four chapters, and there are direct responses in follow-up chapters.
Moore Michael S.
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262014564
- eISBN:
- 9780262289139
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014564.003.0020
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
This chapter goes into a detailed discussion of the causal theory of action (CTA) and attempts to address the questions that have arisen in recent years. In light of recent developments, the ...
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This chapter goes into a detailed discussion of the causal theory of action (CTA) and attempts to address the questions that have arisen in recent years. In light of recent developments, the fundamental principles of the CTA are reexamined here. The discussion of recent developments is divided into three parts, each corresponding to the three fundamental principles of the CTA. Criticisms of the CTA are divided between those that refuse to identify actions, even in part, with bodily movements; those that refuse to identify the causes of those bodily movements that are actions as mental states of desire, belief, intention, or the like; and those that deny that the relationship between volitions and the bodily movements that are their objects is causal.Less
This chapter goes into a detailed discussion of the causal theory of action (CTA) and attempts to address the questions that have arisen in recent years. In light of recent developments, the fundamental principles of the CTA are reexamined here. The discussion of recent developments is divided into three parts, each corresponding to the three fundamental principles of the CTA. Criticisms of the CTA are divided between those that refuse to identify actions, even in part, with bodily movements; those that refuse to identify the causes of those bodily movements that are actions as mental states of desire, belief, intention, or the like; and those that deny that the relationship between volitions and the bodily movements that are their objects is causal.
Peter McDonough
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199751181
- eISBN:
- 9780199345076
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199751181.003.0012
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapters looks at FutureChurch—and along the way Call to Action (CTA) as well as VOTF. All of these organizations challenge, to varying degrees, the doctrinal orthodoxy as well as the behavioral ...
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This chapters looks at FutureChurch—and along the way Call to Action (CTA) as well as VOTF. All of these organizations challenge, to varying degrees, the doctrinal orthodoxy as well as the behavioral and institutional customs of Catholicism. Founded in the bicentennial year 1976 under the auspices of the American bishops, CTA soon broke away to press for women's ordination, optional celibacy for the priesthood, and similar causes. Sr. Christine Schenk founded FutureChurch in the Cleveland area in the 1990s and has concentrated on promoting the “female diaconate”—that is, allowing women to be ordained as permanent deacons, a step just below the priesthood in the Catholic hierarchy. Schenk's agenda opens up a gray area between permissible and expressly forbidden change. Her advocacy inside the church is analogous to the liberalization that John Courtney Murray sought decades earlier in the relations between church and state.Less
This chapters looks at FutureChurch—and along the way Call to Action (CTA) as well as VOTF. All of these organizations challenge, to varying degrees, the doctrinal orthodoxy as well as the behavioral and institutional customs of Catholicism. Founded in the bicentennial year 1976 under the auspices of the American bishops, CTA soon broke away to press for women's ordination, optional celibacy for the priesthood, and similar causes. Sr. Christine Schenk founded FutureChurch in the Cleveland area in the 1990s and has concentrated on promoting the “female diaconate”—that is, allowing women to be ordained as permanent deacons, a step just below the priesthood in the Catholic hierarchy. Schenk's agenda opens up a gray area between permissible and expressly forbidden change. Her advocacy inside the church is analogous to the liberalization that John Courtney Murray sought decades earlier in the relations between church and state.
Aguilar Jesús H. and Buckareff Andrei A.
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262014564
- eISBN:
- 9780262289139
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014564.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
This introduction offers a brief historical examination of the three key stages of the development of the causal theory of action (CTA), namely, the ancient classical period represented by the work ...
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This introduction offers a brief historical examination of the three key stages of the development of the causal theory of action (CTA), namely, the ancient classical period represented by the work of Aristotle, the early modern period represented by the work of Thomas Hobbes, and the contemporary period represented by the work of Donald Davidson. Usually, philosophy of action is interpreted either broadly, including all of the problems in philosophy dealing with human action and agency, or more narrowly, concerned merely with the cluster of issues dealing directly with the nature of intentional action and the explanation of action. However the philosophy of action is characterized, only a single theory has recently enjoyed the title of “the standard story” of human action and agency in the literature, and that pleasure belongs to the CTA. This chapter presents contemporary versions of the CTA and the main topics of debate surrounding it.Less
This introduction offers a brief historical examination of the three key stages of the development of the causal theory of action (CTA), namely, the ancient classical period represented by the work of Aristotle, the early modern period represented by the work of Thomas Hobbes, and the contemporary period represented by the work of Donald Davidson. Usually, philosophy of action is interpreted either broadly, including all of the problems in philosophy dealing with human action and agency, or more narrowly, concerned merely with the cluster of issues dealing directly with the nature of intentional action and the explanation of action. However the philosophy of action is characterized, only a single theory has recently enjoyed the title of “the standard story” of human action and agency in the literature, and that pleasure belongs to the CTA. This chapter presents contemporary versions of the CTA and the main topics of debate surrounding it.
