DOUGLAS NEWTON
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203148
- eISBN:
- 9780191675744
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203148.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, European Modern History
The chapter explores the evolution of British attitudes to the issue of German democratization. It looks at how diverse the positions adopted by politicians and other decision-makers were. While ...
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The chapter explores the evolution of British attitudes to the issue of German democratization. It looks at how diverse the positions adopted by politicians and other decision-makers were. While British Liberals speculated upon German democratization as the most likely end to the tragedy of the war, the majority of Conservatives, especially those who dominated the Lloyd George coalition after December 1916, maintained that there was no real hope of German democratization during the struggle. The British government was most reluctant to recognize any contribution from the progressive political forces inside Germany to the dethronement of militarism. By 1918, German democratization was regarded quite cynically as a mere propaganda ploy.Less
The chapter explores the evolution of British attitudes to the issue of German democratization. It looks at how diverse the positions adopted by politicians and other decision-makers were. While British Liberals speculated upon German democratization as the most likely end to the tragedy of the war, the majority of Conservatives, especially those who dominated the Lloyd George coalition after December 1916, maintained that there was no real hope of German democratization during the struggle. The British government was most reluctant to recognize any contribution from the progressive political forces inside Germany to the dethronement of militarism. By 1918, German democratization was regarded quite cynically as a mere propaganda ploy.
Geir Lundestad
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199266685
- eISBN:
- 9780191601057
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199266689.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Provides the historical setting for the relationship between the US and Western Europe before 1945. The account starts with the British–American war of 1812, and goes on to America's ...
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Provides the historical setting for the relationship between the US and Western Europe before 1945. The account starts with the British–American war of 1812, and goes on to America's military–political isolation up to its 1917 declaration of war on Germany. It then looks at the inter‐war years, when American isolationism hardened, and continues until the entry of the US into the Second World War after Pearl Harbour and Hitler's ensuing declaration of war on America. Both American isolationism and the cultural Americanization of Europe are discussed in some detail.Less
Provides the historical setting for the relationship between the US and Western Europe before 1945. The account starts with the British–American war of 1812, and goes on to America's military–political isolation up to its 1917 declaration of war on Germany. It then looks at the inter‐war years, when American isolationism hardened, and continues until the entry of the US into the Second World War after Pearl Harbour and Hitler's ensuing declaration of war on America. Both American isolationism and the cultural Americanization of Europe are discussed in some detail.
Roger B. Manning
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199261499
- eISBN:
- 9780191718625
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199261499.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
During the Thirty Years War, continental European armies recruited extensively in the British Isles, with religious allegiance often determining which army a recruit served in. Impressment was ...
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During the Thirty Years War, continental European armies recruited extensively in the British Isles, with religious allegiance often determining which army a recruit served in. Impressment was employed as a means of removing demobilized soldiers, vagrants, paupers, and other undesirable persons from the realm. But in Scotland and Ireland, lairds and clan chieftains could compel clansmen, kinsmen, and tenants to volunteer. The Scots comprised one-sixth of the Swedish army in the time of Gustavus Adolphus, while the Catholic Irish were encouraged by their priests and the English government in Ireland to serve in the Spanish and, after 1635, the French armies. Between 55,000 and 80,000 soldiers were recruited in the British Isles for service in the Thirty Years War. Service in particular foreign armies helped determine the allegiance of those who returned after 1638 to fight in the British and Irish civil wars, but the experience of English and Scots serving together in various mainland armies ultimately helped to forge a British identity.Less
During the Thirty Years War, continental European armies recruited extensively in the British Isles, with religious allegiance often determining which army a recruit served in. Impressment was employed as a means of removing demobilized soldiers, vagrants, paupers, and other undesirable persons from the realm. But in Scotland and Ireland, lairds and clan chieftains could compel clansmen, kinsmen, and tenants to volunteer. The Scots comprised one-sixth of the Swedish army in the time of Gustavus Adolphus, while the Catholic Irish were encouraged by their priests and the English government in Ireland to serve in the Spanish and, after 1635, the French armies. Between 55,000 and 80,000 soldiers were recruited in the British Isles for service in the Thirty Years War. Service in particular foreign armies helped determine the allegiance of those who returned after 1638 to fight in the British and Irish civil wars, but the experience of English and Scots serving together in various mainland armies ultimately helped to forge a British identity.
Peter Simkins
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198222996
- eISBN:
- 9780191678561
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198222996.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Military History
This chapter discusses the renewed interest in World War I during the 1960s. This surge of interest resulted in the production of relevant films and television series, the publication of books, and ...
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This chapter discusses the renewed interest in World War I during the 1960s. This surge of interest resulted in the production of relevant films and television series, the publication of books, and theatre productions. During this period, the British official records of the war were also opened to researchers and the respectability of military history as an academic discipline increased. One of the principal features of the works published in Britain and other Commonwealth countries during this period is that collectively they give far greater prominence to the views and experiences of junior officers and other ranks.Less
This chapter discusses the renewed interest in World War I during the 1960s. This surge of interest resulted in the production of relevant films and television series, the publication of books, and theatre productions. During this period, the British official records of the war were also opened to researchers and the respectability of military history as an academic discipline increased. One of the principal features of the works published in Britain and other Commonwealth countries during this period is that collectively they give far greater prominence to the views and experiences of junior officers and other ranks.
THELMA WILLS FOOTE
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195165371
- eISBN:
- 9780199871735
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195165371.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter investigates examples of insubordination, ranging from the unruly behavior of the city's laboring class in the streets, marketplaces, dock areas, and taverns to the remarkable bids for ...
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This chapter investigates examples of insubordination, ranging from the unruly behavior of the city's laboring class in the streets, marketplaces, dock areas, and taverns to the remarkable bids for freedom on the part of runaway servants and slaves. It points out that the largely unregulated population flows moving in and out of the port of New York compounded the problem of policing the city's servile population. It notes that the British war policy marked the abandonment of the long-standing disciplinary mechanism of governing the rulers and the majority settler population by cultivating a shaded interest between the rulers and the ruled in subjugation of the black population.Less
This chapter investigates examples of insubordination, ranging from the unruly behavior of the city's laboring class in the streets, marketplaces, dock areas, and taverns to the remarkable bids for freedom on the part of runaway servants and slaves. It points out that the largely unregulated population flows moving in and out of the port of New York compounded the problem of policing the city's servile population. It notes that the British war policy marked the abandonment of the long-standing disciplinary mechanism of governing the rulers and the majority settler population by cultivating a shaded interest between the rulers and the ruled in subjugation of the black population.
David French
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199548231
- eISBN:
- 9780191739224
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199548231.003.0014
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Military History
The American historian John Lewis Gaddis has suggested that during the Cold War the USSR practised what he called ‘Potemkinism’, a strategy he defined as ‘building just enough of a capability to ...
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The American historian John Lewis Gaddis has suggested that during the Cold War the USSR practised what he called ‘Potemkinism’, a strategy he defined as ‘building just enough of a capability to create the illusion that much more lay behind it.’ This book argues that, given its limited combat capability, the same notion could be applied to the post‐war British army.Less
The American historian John Lewis Gaddis has suggested that during the Cold War the USSR practised what he called ‘Potemkinism’, a strategy he defined as ‘building just enough of a capability to create the illusion that much more lay behind it.’ This book argues that, given its limited combat capability, the same notion could be applied to the post‐war British army.
Victor Rothwell
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748615025
- eISBN:
- 9780748651283
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748615025.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter deals primarily with British war aims towards the country with which it went to war in 1939 – Germany. It discusses British and American aims towards France, and of the war aims of ...
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This chapter deals primarily with British war aims towards the country with which it went to war in 1939 – Germany. It discusses British and American aims towards France, and of the war aims of France itself in the various forms that that country took between 1939 and 1945 (independent state, Vichy regime, and Free French movement). The chapter also considers British aims in relation to the Soviet Union. While Germans could not be killed in cold blood, as the Nazis were doing to others on a vast scale, it was deemed desirable that German war casualties should be very high, thus reducing the country’s military manpower capacity. Although there were serious tensions before the military catastrophe of the spring of 1940 in British relations with France, there was also a sense of a community of interests between two great powers, in the sense that they wished only to retain what they already had.Less
This chapter deals primarily with British war aims towards the country with which it went to war in 1939 – Germany. It discusses British and American aims towards France, and of the war aims of France itself in the various forms that that country took between 1939 and 1945 (independent state, Vichy regime, and Free French movement). The chapter also considers British aims in relation to the Soviet Union. While Germans could not be killed in cold blood, as the Nazis were doing to others on a vast scale, it was deemed desirable that German war casualties should be very high, thus reducing the country’s military manpower capacity. Although there were serious tensions before the military catastrophe of the spring of 1940 in British relations with France, there was also a sense of a community of interests between two great powers, in the sense that they wished only to retain what they already had.
Julian Davies
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203117
- eISBN:
- 9780191675720
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203117.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, History of Religion
This chapter examines the controversy surrounding the religious origins of the British Civil War and the English revolution. It investigates to what extent Carolinism was innovatory within the ...
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This chapter examines the controversy surrounding the religious origins of the British Civil War and the English revolution. It investigates to what extent Carolinism was innovatory within the context of previous Anglican history and of popular reception for Carolinism. The chapter explains the rationale for Charles I's subversion of the Jacobean polity, and explores the role that Carolinism – and religion generally – played in the collapse of Charles I's regime in 1640 and in the outbreak of hostilities two years later.Less
This chapter examines the controversy surrounding the religious origins of the British Civil War and the English revolution. It investigates to what extent Carolinism was innovatory within the context of previous Anglican history and of popular reception for Carolinism. The chapter explains the rationale for Charles I's subversion of the Jacobean polity, and explores the role that Carolinism – and religion generally – played in the collapse of Charles I's regime in 1640 and in the outbreak of hostilities two years later.
M. Todd Bennett
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807835746
- eISBN:
- 9781469601465
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807837467_bennett.7
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
Senator Gerald P. Nye's radio address on August 1, 1941 served as an opening salvo in a counterattack against what an isolationist called “Pro-British-American War Preachers”. Nye argued that films ...
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Senator Gerald P. Nye's radio address on August 1, 1941 served as an opening salvo in a counterattack against what an isolationist called “Pro-British-American War Preachers”. Nye argued that films were no longer instruments of entertainment and instead had become engines of propaganda “to rouse war fever in America”. This chapter focuses on how films became instrumental in causing the shift from isolationism toward internationalism. It explains how policymakers and filmmakers combined forces in a transnational publicity campaign to educate Americans about the world situation. Their goal was to replace isolationism and Anglophobia with an internationalist, pro-British ethic that supported American involvement in World War II.Less
Senator Gerald P. Nye's radio address on August 1, 1941 served as an opening salvo in a counterattack against what an isolationist called “Pro-British-American War Preachers”. Nye argued that films were no longer instruments of entertainment and instead had become engines of propaganda “to rouse war fever in America”. This chapter focuses on how films became instrumental in causing the shift from isolationism toward internationalism. It explains how policymakers and filmmakers combined forces in a transnational publicity campaign to educate Americans about the world situation. Their goal was to replace isolationism and Anglophobia with an internationalist, pro-British ethic that supported American involvement in World War II.
Jonathan Rayner
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719070983
- eISBN:
- 9781781701157
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719070983.003.0012
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
In the 1950s, British war films became some of the most successful national film products. They entered the national consciousness as the common frame of reference on the conflict, particularly for ...
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In the 1950s, British war films became some of the most successful national film products. They entered the national consciousness as the common frame of reference on the conflict, particularly for later generations who did not experience it first hand. Where some films produce heroic, uncomplicated retransmissions of accepted versions of known events, others offer a painful, private and subjective vision of war experience, which emphasises the compartmentalisation of the conflict, particularly in naval terms. The remarkable aura of defeat and loss is magnified in some naval examples (The Cruel Sea, The Gift Horse, Above Us the Waves, The Ship That Died of Shame), and yet downplayed, dismissed or exulted in heroic terms in others (Sailor to the King, The Battle of the River Plate). The films addressing naval subjects display remarkable consistency, despite tonal differences. A continued convergence between the stylistic and structural characteristics of the wartime documentary feature and the drama-documentary basis of many naval films is evident in several productions. The service comedy applies a basic unit of humour (inappropriate or incongruous behaviour) to the regulated environments and forms of conduct demanded within the military.Less
In the 1950s, British war films became some of the most successful national film products. They entered the national consciousness as the common frame of reference on the conflict, particularly for later generations who did not experience it first hand. Where some films produce heroic, uncomplicated retransmissions of accepted versions of known events, others offer a painful, private and subjective vision of war experience, which emphasises the compartmentalisation of the conflict, particularly in naval terms. The remarkable aura of defeat and loss is magnified in some naval examples (The Cruel Sea, The Gift Horse, Above Us the Waves, The Ship That Died of Shame), and yet downplayed, dismissed or exulted in heroic terms in others (Sailor to the King, The Battle of the River Plate). The films addressing naval subjects display remarkable consistency, despite tonal differences. A continued convergence between the stylistic and structural characteristics of the wartime documentary feature and the drama-documentary basis of many naval films is evident in several productions. The service comedy applies a basic unit of humour (inappropriate or incongruous behaviour) to the regulated environments and forms of conduct demanded within the military.
John T. Juricek
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813034683
- eISBN:
- 9780813038582
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813034683.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter discusses the events which led to the confrontation between English and the French and the Cherokee combined. It also takes into account the outcome of the realization of the Creeks of ...
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This chapter discusses the events which led to the confrontation between English and the French and the Cherokee combined. It also takes into account the outcome of the realization of the Creeks of the need to find a way to unite so they could speak with one voice and act accordingly. Two main events shaped the course of the colonies and the Franco-British war for the control of North America. Firstly, the English blundered into a costly war with the Cherokees in late 1759 and secondly the secret agreement between the Bourbon kings of France and Spain brought Spain into the North American war in early 1762 which led the course of the imperial triumph.Less
This chapter discusses the events which led to the confrontation between English and the French and the Cherokee combined. It also takes into account the outcome of the realization of the Creeks of the need to find a way to unite so they could speak with one voice and act accordingly. Two main events shaped the course of the colonies and the Franco-British war for the control of North America. Firstly, the English blundered into a costly war with the Cherokees in late 1759 and secondly the secret agreement between the Bourbon kings of France and Spain brought Spain into the North American war in early 1762 which led the course of the imperial triumph.
Patrick H. Hase
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622098992
- eISBN:
- 9789882207592
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622098992.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
The Six-Day War cannot be seen as a shining example of British military genius. In fact, it was a “text-book case of how not to conduct a campaign”. The problems of poor military intelligence are ...
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The Six-Day War cannot be seen as a shining example of British military genius. In fact, it was a “text-book case of how not to conduct a campaign”. The problems of poor military intelligence are covered. It also describes the logistical failures in supplies and transport. It then evaluates the problems of command and the inadequate reports. Capt. E.L.C. Berger's actions in the Six-Day War show his understanding of what a standard British colonial war should consist of: it was, in every respect, a copy-book example of a small-scale British military operation. At the same time, Military Headquarters in Hong Kong do not seem to have taken any of these late nineteenth century writers' advice to heart at all. Every error that could be committed was committed: all of Reginald Clare Hart's and Charles Callwell's maxims failed to be observed. It must be a matter of conjecture as to what Lord Roberts would have done with William Gascoigne if this campaign had come under his command, and if the facts of how it was managed had been drawn to his attention.Less
The Six-Day War cannot be seen as a shining example of British military genius. In fact, it was a “text-book case of how not to conduct a campaign”. The problems of poor military intelligence are covered. It also describes the logistical failures in supplies and transport. It then evaluates the problems of command and the inadequate reports. Capt. E.L.C. Berger's actions in the Six-Day War show his understanding of what a standard British colonial war should consist of: it was, in every respect, a copy-book example of a small-scale British military operation. At the same time, Military Headquarters in Hong Kong do not seem to have taken any of these late nineteenth century writers' advice to heart at all. Every error that could be committed was committed: all of Reginald Clare Hart's and Charles Callwell's maxims failed to be observed. It must be a matter of conjecture as to what Lord Roberts would have done with William Gascoigne if this campaign had come under his command, and if the facts of how it was managed had been drawn to his attention.
Alan Burton and Tim O'sullivan
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748632893
- eISBN:
- 9780748671144
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748632893.003.0003
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This chapter surveys the inauguration and early development of Dearden and Relph's partnership at Ealing and examines their first five films together; from The Bells Go Down (1943) to The Captive ...
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This chapter surveys the inauguration and early development of Dearden and Relph's partnership at Ealing and examines their first five films together; from The Bells Go Down (1943) to The Captive Heart (1946). It emphasises that they rapidly embraced and cemented their partnership within the Ealing wartime ethos of ‘quiet heroism’ and team work under Michael Balcon's studio management and direction. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that they made their distinctive mark in Ealing's projection of Britain during this time of national, wartime crisis and proved themselves considerable, but understated talents at the studio in the period.Less
This chapter surveys the inauguration and early development of Dearden and Relph's partnership at Ealing and examines their first five films together; from The Bells Go Down (1943) to The Captive Heart (1946). It emphasises that they rapidly embraced and cemented their partnership within the Ealing wartime ethos of ‘quiet heroism’ and team work under Michael Balcon's studio management and direction. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that they made their distinctive mark in Ealing's projection of Britain during this time of national, wartime crisis and proved themselves considerable, but understated talents at the studio in the period.
Alan Burton and Tim O'sullivan
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748632893
- eISBN:
- 9780748671144
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748632893.003.0004
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
One of the key and consistent themes in the post-war films of Dearden and Relph concerned men forced to confront new circumstances and changed expectations. This chapter surveys eleven of their films ...
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One of the key and consistent themes in the post-war films of Dearden and Relph concerned men forced to confront new circumstances and changed expectations. This chapter surveys eleven of their films (1948 – 1970) that work in a diversity of genres settings and scenarios but that are distinguished by tragic, male narratives. These films result either in the death of the male protagonist or in his otherwise seriously compromised ending. These are not ‘social problem’ films as such, but they do address from multiple viewpoints, the contradictions and anxieties of men, dealing with and trying to face up to, the forces of personal, social and historical change.Less
One of the key and consistent themes in the post-war films of Dearden and Relph concerned men forced to confront new circumstances and changed expectations. This chapter surveys eleven of their films (1948 – 1970) that work in a diversity of genres settings and scenarios but that are distinguished by tragic, male narratives. These films result either in the death of the male protagonist or in his otherwise seriously compromised ending. These are not ‘social problem’ films as such, but they do address from multiple viewpoints, the contradictions and anxieties of men, dealing with and trying to face up to, the forces of personal, social and historical change.
Alan Burton and Tim O'sullivan
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748632893
- eISBN:
- 9780748671144
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748632893.003.0005
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
By comparison with those films based around the tragic male melodrama, this chapter investigates a small number of films that Dearden and Relph made in the 1950s which examined men's adjustment to ...
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By comparison with those films based around the tragic male melodrama, this chapter investigates a small number of films that Dearden and Relph made in the 1950s which examined men's adjustment to the loss of (war-time) action. These films seek to recreate aspects of male solidarity, purpose and experience, but within changed, peace-time circumstances. Crime and criminality is often the result, but it is ultimately shown not to pay.Less
By comparison with those films based around the tragic male melodrama, this chapter investigates a small number of films that Dearden and Relph made in the 1950s which examined men's adjustment to the loss of (war-time) action. These films seek to recreate aspects of male solidarity, purpose and experience, but within changed, peace-time circumstances. Crime and criminality is often the result, but it is ultimately shown not to pay.
Tobias Harper
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- February 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198841180
- eISBN:
- 9780191876714
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198841180.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Cultural History
This chapter examines the creation of new orders at the beginning of the twentieth century, which was the culmination of a prolonged period of “unprecedented honorific inventiveness” starting in the ...
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This chapter examines the creation of new orders at the beginning of the twentieth century, which was the culmination of a prolonged period of “unprecedented honorific inventiveness” starting in the late nineteenth century. In Britain the new Order of the British Empire was branded the “Order of Britain’s Democracy” in recognition of the fact that it extended far deeper into non-elite classes in British society than any previous honour. Between 1917 and 1921 more than 20,000 people in Britain and throughout the British Empire were added to this new Order. This was an unprecedented number, orders of magnitude larger than honours lists in previous years. While the new Order was successful in reaching a wider, more middle-class audience than the honours system before the war, which was socially narrow, there was a substantial backlash to what was widely perceived by elites to be an excessive (and diluting) opening-up of the “fount of honour.” This backlash was connected to political controversies about the sale of honours that eventually helped bring about Lloyd George’s downfall. This chapter also contains a brief description of all the components of the British honours system at the beginning of the twentieth century.Less
This chapter examines the creation of new orders at the beginning of the twentieth century, which was the culmination of a prolonged period of “unprecedented honorific inventiveness” starting in the late nineteenth century. In Britain the new Order of the British Empire was branded the “Order of Britain’s Democracy” in recognition of the fact that it extended far deeper into non-elite classes in British society than any previous honour. Between 1917 and 1921 more than 20,000 people in Britain and throughout the British Empire were added to this new Order. This was an unprecedented number, orders of magnitude larger than honours lists in previous years. While the new Order was successful in reaching a wider, more middle-class audience than the honours system before the war, which was socially narrow, there was a substantial backlash to what was widely perceived by elites to be an excessive (and diluting) opening-up of the “fount of honour.” This backlash was connected to political controversies about the sale of honours that eventually helped bring about Lloyd George’s downfall. This chapter also contains a brief description of all the components of the British honours system at the beginning of the twentieth century.
Alan Burton and Tim O'sullivan
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748632893
- eISBN:
- 9780748671144
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748632893.003.0001
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
Following detailed sections on Biography and Career Notes, this introduction provides an overview of the conventional critical assessment of the work of Dearden and Relph. It argues that until ...
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Following detailed sections on Biography and Career Notes, this introduction provides an overview of the conventional critical assessment of the work of Dearden and Relph. It argues that until recently, they have often been perceived as exemplars of a rather staid, unimaginative and self-consciously British mix of cinematic entertainment and liberal social comment, and that their reputation has tended to be evaluated solely in the context of their few ‘social problem’ films, to the exclusion of their wider oeuvre. The introduction challenges these views and then outlines the rationale for the organisation of the chapters which follow.Less
Following detailed sections on Biography and Career Notes, this introduction provides an overview of the conventional critical assessment of the work of Dearden and Relph. It argues that until recently, they have often been perceived as exemplars of a rather staid, unimaginative and self-consciously British mix of cinematic entertainment and liberal social comment, and that their reputation has tended to be evaluated solely in the context of their few ‘social problem’ films, to the exclusion of their wider oeuvre. The introduction challenges these views and then outlines the rationale for the organisation of the chapters which follow.
Clive Jones
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199330669
- eISBN:
- 9780199388196
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199330669.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This chapter is an exploration of the intelligence collaboration between Britain and the Jewish Agency during the Second World War. It argues that intelligence liaison and collaboration at an ...
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This chapter is an exploration of the intelligence collaboration between Britain and the Jewish Agency during the Second World War. It argues that intelligence liaison and collaboration at an operational level was more nuanced and less conditioned by adherence to stated British government policy. The clandestine relationship with key British intelligence officials allowed the Jewish Agency to develop and strengthen its transnational links, magnify the importance of their contribution to the Allied war effort at both a practical and symbolic level beyond the actual numbers of people involved, while developing a reservoir of expertise and experience that was to prove invaluable in the struggle for statehood. Despite the integration of the productive capacity of the Yishuv in support of the British war effort, the attitude of the Mandate authorities towards the leadership of the Jewish Agency remained decidedly cool.Less
This chapter is an exploration of the intelligence collaboration between Britain and the Jewish Agency during the Second World War. It argues that intelligence liaison and collaboration at an operational level was more nuanced and less conditioned by adherence to stated British government policy. The clandestine relationship with key British intelligence officials allowed the Jewish Agency to develop and strengthen its transnational links, magnify the importance of their contribution to the Allied war effort at both a practical and symbolic level beyond the actual numbers of people involved, while developing a reservoir of expertise and experience that was to prove invaluable in the struggle for statehood. Despite the integration of the productive capacity of the Yishuv in support of the British war effort, the attitude of the Mandate authorities towards the leadership of the Jewish Agency remained decidedly cool.
Nick Riddle
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- February 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781911325529
- eISBN:
- 9781800342330
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781911325529.003.0005
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This chapter evaluates the influence of the British Cold War culture on Joseph Losey's The Damned (1963). British cinema was far slower than Hollywood to address the nuclear threat in the wake of ...
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This chapter evaluates the influence of the British Cold War culture on Joseph Losey's The Damned (1963). British cinema was far slower than Hollywood to address the nuclear threat in the wake of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This was a reflection of the government's own reticence on the matter. The Edgehill Establishment, Bernard's secret facility, would have been a familiar sight to most people in Great Britain by the early 1960s. Such 'secret establishments' became a regular feature of science fiction from the late 1950s onwards, embodying the growing public distrust in the government's defence programme and anxieties about safety. Ultimately, The Damned inhabits a historical moment between the wane of public deference towards the government concerning nuclear weapons and the more full-throated protests and bolder visualisations of nuclear war that appeared mid-decade.Less
This chapter evaluates the influence of the British Cold War culture on Joseph Losey's The Damned (1963). British cinema was far slower than Hollywood to address the nuclear threat in the wake of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This was a reflection of the government's own reticence on the matter. The Edgehill Establishment, Bernard's secret facility, would have been a familiar sight to most people in Great Britain by the early 1960s. Such 'secret establishments' became a regular feature of science fiction from the late 1950s onwards, embodying the growing public distrust in the government's defence programme and anxieties about safety. Ultimately, The Damned inhabits a historical moment between the wane of public deference towards the government concerning nuclear weapons and the more full-throated protests and bolder visualisations of nuclear war that appeared mid-decade.
Malcolm Waniclyn
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300113082
- eISBN:
- 9780300168419
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300113082.003.0018
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter elaborates the various aspects of the British wars during 1649 to 1652. Oliver Cromwell returned to England in mid-October 1648, and spent the next six weeks supervising the sieges of ...
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This chapter elaborates the various aspects of the British wars during 1649 to 1652. Oliver Cromwell returned to England in mid-October 1648, and spent the next six weeks supervising the sieges of Pontefract and Scarborough, the last garrisons holding out in the north for the king. This distanced him from the early stages of the second army coup, first the demand from the army that King Charles should be brought to trial to answer for the crimes he had committed against the people of England, and then the forcible expulsion by the army of about one hundred members of the House of Commons to ensure that it prevailed. The expeditionary force, some 12,000 strong, duly landed at the port of Dublin in three waves between 15 and 25 August, only for Cromwell to discover that the army he was expecting to face had fallen apart.Less
This chapter elaborates the various aspects of the British wars during 1649 to 1652. Oliver Cromwell returned to England in mid-October 1648, and spent the next six weeks supervising the sieges of Pontefract and Scarborough, the last garrisons holding out in the north for the king. This distanced him from the early stages of the second army coup, first the demand from the army that King Charles should be brought to trial to answer for the crimes he had committed against the people of England, and then the forcible expulsion by the army of about one hundred members of the House of Commons to ensure that it prevailed. The expeditionary force, some 12,000 strong, duly landed at the port of Dublin in three waves between 15 and 25 August, only for Cromwell to discover that the army he was expecting to face had fallen apart.