David Marsden
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199573547
- eISBN:
- 9780191722677
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199573547.003.0010
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Public Management, Organization Studies
This chapter analyses the case of pay for performance in the British Civil Service since the 1980s, which progressively moved from a 19th-century classified pay system (in which pay rises came either ...
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This chapter analyses the case of pay for performance in the British Civil Service since the 1980s, which progressively moved from a 19th-century classified pay system (in which pay rises came either from promotion to a higher grade or from incremental progression on a given grade) to one in which a fifth or more of pay was obtained by discretionary bonuses. It is argued that the intended consequence or perhaps more correctly, anticipated consequence of performance-related pay — to improve the motivation of public servants — has proved elusive. When a policy is the result of decisions by many actors, it is not clear whose intentions were paramount. In contrast, the unintended or unanticipated consequence was that, although performance appears to have improved in several cases, it did so by other means than motivation. Notably, it came about because of the emergence of processes facilitating convergence between goal setting at the individual and organizational levels. These have supported a renegotiation of performance standards and priorities at the individual level.Less
This chapter analyses the case of pay for performance in the British Civil Service since the 1980s, which progressively moved from a 19th-century classified pay system (in which pay rises came either from promotion to a higher grade or from incremental progression on a given grade) to one in which a fifth or more of pay was obtained by discretionary bonuses. It is argued that the intended consequence or perhaps more correctly, anticipated consequence of performance-related pay — to improve the motivation of public servants — has proved elusive. When a policy is the result of decisions by many actors, it is not clear whose intentions were paramount. In contrast, the unintended or unanticipated consequence was that, although performance appears to have improved in several cases, it did so by other means than motivation. Notably, it came about because of the emergence of processes facilitating convergence between goal setting at the individual and organizational levels. These have supported a renegotiation of performance standards and priorities at the individual level.
Klemens von Klemperer
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205517
- eISBN:
- 9780191676659
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205517.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History, Military History
While the operations of intelligence departments involve a great deal of both adventure and wit, and although these may be attributed to certain functions, such activity is likely to find itself ...
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While the operations of intelligence departments involve a great deal of both adventure and wit, and although these may be attributed to certain functions, such activity is likely to find itself diverted from the political purpose it supposedly serves. As such, this notion can evidently be applied to the intelligence services of the two parties involved during the Second World War. The chiefs of such services had reason to believe that they were one way or another involved in a certain ‘war behind the war’. This chapter observes how Sir Stewart Menzies, the head of the British Secret Intelligence Service, General William J. Donovan, the American OSS’s director, and Admiral Wilhelm Canaris, or the chief of the Abwehr, were all involved in a relatively deadly venture in which they still treated each other with a certain degree of respect.Less
While the operations of intelligence departments involve a great deal of both adventure and wit, and although these may be attributed to certain functions, such activity is likely to find itself diverted from the political purpose it supposedly serves. As such, this notion can evidently be applied to the intelligence services of the two parties involved during the Second World War. The chiefs of such services had reason to believe that they were one way or another involved in a certain ‘war behind the war’. This chapter observes how Sir Stewart Menzies, the head of the British Secret Intelligence Service, General William J. Donovan, the American OSS’s director, and Admiral Wilhelm Canaris, or the chief of the Abwehr, were all involved in a relatively deadly venture in which they still treated each other with a certain degree of respect.
Darrell M. Newton
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719081675
- eISBN:
- 9781781702840
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719081675.003.0013
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Television
This chapter examines how BBC radio and its practices created possibilities for the recognition of African-Caribbean voices, as they discussed life in England years before the arrival of Windrush, ...
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This chapter examines how BBC radio and its practices created possibilities for the recognition of African-Caribbean voices, as they discussed life in England years before the arrival of Windrush, and just before television re-emerged as a cultural force. It also examines how programmes created for West Indian audiences changed foci, and began to offer varied, personal perspectives on life for African-Caribbean immigrants. It outlines the influence of radio upon the BBC Television Service, management directives and pre-war programming. Beginning in 1939, the programme Calling the West Indies featured West Indians troops on active service reading letters on air to their families back home in the Islands. The programme later became Caribbean Voices (1943–58) and highlighted West Indian writers who read and discussed literary works on the World Service. These programmes offered rare opportunities for West Indians to discuss their perspectives on life among white Britons and subsequent social issues.Less
This chapter examines how BBC radio and its practices created possibilities for the recognition of African-Caribbean voices, as they discussed life in England years before the arrival of Windrush, and just before television re-emerged as a cultural force. It also examines how programmes created for West Indian audiences changed foci, and began to offer varied, personal perspectives on life for African-Caribbean immigrants. It outlines the influence of radio upon the BBC Television Service, management directives and pre-war programming. Beginning in 1939, the programme Calling the West Indies featured West Indians troops on active service reading letters on air to their families back home in the Islands. The programme later became Caribbean Voices (1943–58) and highlighted West Indian writers who read and discussed literary works on the World Service. These programmes offered rare opportunities for West Indians to discuss their perspectives on life among white Britons and subsequent social issues.
Peter Speiser
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252040160
- eISBN:
- 9780252098369
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040160.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This chapter analyzes the BAOR's own attempts to adapt to the changing nature of Anglo-German relations between 1948 and 1957. This involves constraints caused by the organizational structure of the ...
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This chapter analyzes the BAOR's own attempts to adapt to the changing nature of Anglo-German relations between 1948 and 1957. This involves constraints caused by the organizational structure of the British armed services in Germany, the impact of service accommodation on levels of contacts, official attempts by military units to improve relations in local towns, and the experiences of individual officers and ranks. Secondary source material on the official relationship between the British army and the Germans is limited and so far covers only the period immediately following the German surrender in May 1945. Nonetheless, most of the recollections of servicemen in Germany during the 1940s and 1950s tend to focus on army life rather than on the contacts made with the local German population.Less
This chapter analyzes the BAOR's own attempts to adapt to the changing nature of Anglo-German relations between 1948 and 1957. This involves constraints caused by the organizational structure of the British armed services in Germany, the impact of service accommodation on levels of contacts, official attempts by military units to improve relations in local towns, and the experiences of individual officers and ranks. Secondary source material on the official relationship between the British army and the Germans is limited and so far covers only the period immediately following the German surrender in May 1945. Nonetheless, most of the recollections of servicemen in Germany during the 1940s and 1950s tend to focus on army life rather than on the contacts made with the local German population.
Jennifer Mori
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719082726
- eISBN:
- 9781781702703
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719082726.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This is not a traditional international relations text that deals with war, trade or power politics. Instead, this book offers an analysis of the social, cultural and intellectual aspects of ...
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This is not a traditional international relations text that deals with war, trade or power politics. Instead, this book offers an analysis of the social, cultural and intellectual aspects of diplomatic life in the age of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution. The book illustrates several modes of Britain's engagement with Europe, whether political, artistic, scientific, literary or cultural. The book consults a wide range of sources for the study including the private and official papers of fifty men and women in the British diplomatic service. Attention is given to topics rarely covered in diplomatic history such as the work and experiences of women and issues of national, regional and European identity.Less
This is not a traditional international relations text that deals with war, trade or power politics. Instead, this book offers an analysis of the social, cultural and intellectual aspects of diplomatic life in the age of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution. The book illustrates several modes of Britain's engagement with Europe, whether political, artistic, scientific, literary or cultural. The book consults a wide range of sources for the study including the private and official papers of fifty men and women in the British diplomatic service. Attention is given to topics rarely covered in diplomatic history such as the work and experiences of women and issues of national, regional and European identity.
Kaushik Roy
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780199463534
- eISBN:
- 9780199087181
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199463534.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Military History
The very absence of large-scale mutinies in the Indian armed forces between 1939 and 1945 indicates that Indian soldiery was quite content with British military service. Moreover, there were no overt ...
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The very absence of large-scale mutinies in the Indian armed forces between 1939 and 1945 indicates that Indian soldiery was quite content with British military service. Moreover, there were no overt hostile communal feelings among different religious communities within the Indian Army despite the rise of Hindu–Muslim animosity in the ‘greater’ society. How, in the absence of a nationalist ideology, the Indian soldiers were motivated to fight and die in the age of total war is a puzzle which this chapter attempts to resolve. The British could separate the soldiery from the host society by providing tangible and non-tangible incentives to the jawans. Military discipline further converted the agricultural labourers in the ranks into automatons of sorts, while racial/ethnic pride partly enabled the Indian soldiery to encounter the brutal ‘face of battle’.Less
The very absence of large-scale mutinies in the Indian armed forces between 1939 and 1945 indicates that Indian soldiery was quite content with British military service. Moreover, there were no overt hostile communal feelings among different religious communities within the Indian Army despite the rise of Hindu–Muslim animosity in the ‘greater’ society. How, in the absence of a nationalist ideology, the Indian soldiers were motivated to fight and die in the age of total war is a puzzle which this chapter attempts to resolve. The British could separate the soldiery from the host society by providing tangible and non-tangible incentives to the jawans. Military discipline further converted the agricultural labourers in the ranks into automatons of sorts, while racial/ethnic pride partly enabled the Indian soldiery to encounter the brutal ‘face of battle’.
Jennifer Mori
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719082726
- eISBN:
- 9781781702703
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719082726.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
Marriage is a tool of career development in the modern British diplomatic service. It indicates emotional maturity on the part of the diplomat, and denotes his/her readiness for positions of higher ...
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Marriage is a tool of career development in the modern British diplomatic service. It indicates emotional maturity on the part of the diplomat, and denotes his/her readiness for positions of higher responsibility. Eighteenth-century diplomacy was very much a career for single men. The diplomatic profession was badly paid, as a result of which diplomats were unattractive propositions on the London market. Besides, few women wished to be parted from family and friends to live in social and linguistic isolation abroad. Many diplomats took mistresses wherever they could be found. One advantage of living abroad was the licence it gave to men and women to pursue irregular unions comparatively free from prying eyes. The question what women thought they were getting into when they chose to marry a diplomat, and why, marks the closing decades of the eighteenth century, a once unattractive choice of spouse had become more acceptable.Less
Marriage is a tool of career development in the modern British diplomatic service. It indicates emotional maturity on the part of the diplomat, and denotes his/her readiness for positions of higher responsibility. Eighteenth-century diplomacy was very much a career for single men. The diplomatic profession was badly paid, as a result of which diplomats were unattractive propositions on the London market. Besides, few women wished to be parted from family and friends to live in social and linguistic isolation abroad. Many diplomats took mistresses wherever they could be found. One advantage of living abroad was the licence it gave to men and women to pursue irregular unions comparatively free from prying eyes. The question what women thought they were getting into when they chose to marry a diplomat, and why, marks the closing decades of the eighteenth century, a once unattractive choice of spouse had become more acceptable.
Peter Speiser
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252040160
- eISBN:
- 9780252098369
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040160.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Military History
Between 1945 and 1957, West Germany made a dizzying pivot from Nazi bastion to Britain's Cold War ally against the Soviet Union. Successive London governments, though often faced with bitter public ...
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Between 1945 and 1957, West Germany made a dizzying pivot from Nazi bastion to Britain's Cold War ally against the Soviet Union. Successive London governments, though often faced with bitter public and military opposition, tasked the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) to serve as a protecting force while strengthening West German integration into the Western defense structure. This book charts the BAOR's fraught transformation from occupier to ally by looking at the charged nexus where British troops and their families interacted with Germany's civilian population. Examining the relationship on many levels, the book ranges from how British mass media representations of Germany influenced BAOR troops to initiatives taken by the Army to improve relations. It also weighs German perceptions, surveying clashes between soldiers and civilians and comparing the popularity of the British services with that of the other occupying powers. As the book shows, the BAOR's presence did not improve the relationship between British servicemen and the German populace, but it did prevent further deterioration during a crucial and dangerous period of the early Cold War. An incisive look at an under-researched episode, this book sheds new light on Anglo-German diplomatic, political, and social relations after 1945, and evaluates their impact on the wider context of European integration in the postwar era.Less
Between 1945 and 1957, West Germany made a dizzying pivot from Nazi bastion to Britain's Cold War ally against the Soviet Union. Successive London governments, though often faced with bitter public and military opposition, tasked the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) to serve as a protecting force while strengthening West German integration into the Western defense structure. This book charts the BAOR's fraught transformation from occupier to ally by looking at the charged nexus where British troops and their families interacted with Germany's civilian population. Examining the relationship on many levels, the book ranges from how British mass media representations of Germany influenced BAOR troops to initiatives taken by the Army to improve relations. It also weighs German perceptions, surveying clashes between soldiers and civilians and comparing the popularity of the British services with that of the other occupying powers. As the book shows, the BAOR's presence did not improve the relationship between British servicemen and the German populace, but it did prevent further deterioration during a crucial and dangerous period of the early Cold War. An incisive look at an under-researched episode, this book sheds new light on Anglo-German diplomatic, political, and social relations after 1945, and evaluates their impact on the wider context of European integration in the postwar era.
Tobias Harper
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- February 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198841180
- eISBN:
- 9780191876714
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198841180.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Cultural History
This chapter examines the aftermath of the expansion of the imperial honours system through the experiences of those social groups who had been newly included in the system: especially the broad, ...
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This chapter examines the aftermath of the expansion of the imperial honours system through the experiences of those social groups who had been newly included in the system: especially the broad, insecure middle classes. Groups who continued to be marginalized by the system, such as professional women, clamored for increased recognition or argued that the system was rotten to the core and needed to be removed. In the empire critiques of honours crystallized around nationalist causes, while elites who were willing to exchange loyalty for status enjoyed the greater variety of honours available to them, doubling down on their commitment to the empire-wide system of hierarchy and distinction that defined them against nationalists. Official honours policy and the behavior of those who had been included in the “democratization” of 1917–1921 sought to defend a status quo rather than continue the inclusion of the years at the end of the war. The Treasury retrenched, reducing the number of honours distributed throughout the empire, and narrowed the range of people who could receive them, focusing on honouring state servants rather than the wider public in Britain. At the same time, recipients of the Order also sought to defend its honour against people in lower ranks of society by policing in minute detail the use of the privileges of holding honours. The honours system thus defined a form of proximity to social and political elites within and outside Britain. This definition prioritized state service, thus creating a connection between hierarchy and state expansion that would continue through the century.Less
This chapter examines the aftermath of the expansion of the imperial honours system through the experiences of those social groups who had been newly included in the system: especially the broad, insecure middle classes. Groups who continued to be marginalized by the system, such as professional women, clamored for increased recognition or argued that the system was rotten to the core and needed to be removed. In the empire critiques of honours crystallized around nationalist causes, while elites who were willing to exchange loyalty for status enjoyed the greater variety of honours available to them, doubling down on their commitment to the empire-wide system of hierarchy and distinction that defined them against nationalists. Official honours policy and the behavior of those who had been included in the “democratization” of 1917–1921 sought to defend a status quo rather than continue the inclusion of the years at the end of the war. The Treasury retrenched, reducing the number of honours distributed throughout the empire, and narrowed the range of people who could receive them, focusing on honouring state servants rather than the wider public in Britain. At the same time, recipients of the Order also sought to defend its honour against people in lower ranks of society by policing in minute detail the use of the privileges of holding honours. The honours system thus defined a form of proximity to social and political elites within and outside Britain. This definition prioritized state service, thus creating a connection between hierarchy and state expansion that would continue through the century.
Tobias Harper
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- February 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198841180
- eISBN:
- 9780191876714
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198841180.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Cultural History
The introduction discusses existing literature on honours systems around the world and, in particular, in Britain. It draws attention to some of the ways in which people have obscured or downplayed ...
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The introduction discusses existing literature on honours systems around the world and, in particular, in Britain. It draws attention to some of the ways in which people have obscured or downplayed the centrality of honours to important social and political processes in Britain and the British Empire. It also briefly compares the British system to other international honours systems and how scholars have analyzed them. It discusses in some detail the relationship between party politics, the civil service, colonial governments, the monarchy, and civil society institutions in nominating people for honours.Less
The introduction discusses existing literature on honours systems around the world and, in particular, in Britain. It draws attention to some of the ways in which people have obscured or downplayed the centrality of honours to important social and political processes in Britain and the British Empire. It also briefly compares the British system to other international honours systems and how scholars have analyzed them. It discusses in some detail the relationship between party politics, the civil service, colonial governments, the monarchy, and civil society institutions in nominating people for honours.
Ian Greer, Karen Breidahl, Matthias Knuth, and Flemming Larsen
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- August 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198785446
- eISBN:
- 9780191827365
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198785446.003.0002
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies, HRM / IR
Denmark, Germany, and Britain have marketized their employment services in different ways. This chapter introduces the tasks involved in moving jobless people into, or closer to, paid work ...
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Denmark, Germany, and Britain have marketized their employment services in different ways. This chapter introduces the tasks involved in moving jobless people into, or closer to, paid work (assessment, advice, training, job placement, and the organization of make-work schemes). In Denmark New Public Management and municipalization trends have combined to produce dramatic fluctuations in the volume of work and the rules of the market; marketization has proceeded in three waves since 2005. In Germany, there are diverse market segments reflecting the persistence of three different transaction modes in the wake of the Hartz reforms; marketization was implemented in 2002–5. In Britain, a series of privatization experiments led to the creation of a highly concentrated, centralized, and uncompetitive market, with several multinational firms managing the bulk of the market as Work Programme prime contractors; this market structure was created in 2008–11.Less
Denmark, Germany, and Britain have marketized their employment services in different ways. This chapter introduces the tasks involved in moving jobless people into, or closer to, paid work (assessment, advice, training, job placement, and the organization of make-work schemes). In Denmark New Public Management and municipalization trends have combined to produce dramatic fluctuations in the volume of work and the rules of the market; marketization has proceeded in three waves since 2005. In Germany, there are diverse market segments reflecting the persistence of three different transaction modes in the wake of the Hartz reforms; marketization was implemented in 2002–5. In Britain, a series of privatization experiments led to the creation of a highly concentrated, centralized, and uncompetitive market, with several multinational firms managing the bulk of the market as Work Programme prime contractors; this market structure was created in 2008–11.
Rebecca Kolins Givan
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780801450051
- eISBN:
- 9781501706028
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450051.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Health, Illness, and Medicine
This chapter discusses US physician Don Berwick's speech during the eightieth anniversary of the British National Health Service. He said that there comes a time “for stability, on the basis of ...
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This chapter discusses US physician Don Berwick's speech during the eightieth anniversary of the British National Health Service. He said that there comes a time “for stability, on the basis of which, paradoxically, productive change becomes easier and faster, as the good, smart, committed people of the National Health Service (NHS)—the one million wonderful people who can carry you into the future—find the confidence to try improvements without fearing the next earthquake.” He also lamented the “duplicative, supply-driven, fragmented” US health care system. The tension between productive improvements and unproductive “earthquakes” in both the United States and the United Kingdom is the core problem in improving health care quality elsewhere.Less
This chapter discusses US physician Don Berwick's speech during the eightieth anniversary of the British National Health Service. He said that there comes a time “for stability, on the basis of which, paradoxically, productive change becomes easier and faster, as the good, smart, committed people of the National Health Service (NHS)—the one million wonderful people who can carry you into the future—find the confidence to try improvements without fearing the next earthquake.” He also lamented the “duplicative, supply-driven, fragmented” US health care system. The tension between productive improvements and unproductive “earthquakes” in both the United States and the United Kingdom is the core problem in improving health care quality elsewhere.
Jon Thoday
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781906897710
- eISBN:
- 9781906897802
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9781906897710.003.0004
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
This chapter considers the threats faced by public service broadcasting (PSB). These threats come externally from market forces, from commercial adversaries chipping away to advance their own ...
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This chapter considers the threats faced by public service broadcasting (PSB). These threats come externally from market forces, from commercial adversaries chipping away to advance their own agendas, and from the political class with their concerns about bias. The BBC also faces the challenges common to all mature organisations: that of calcification and inertia consequent upon size and success. These attacks have not only had a real effect at the BBC but also on the wider industry with UK PSB content spend reduced by almost £1 billion in the space of a decade. Both management and government need to recognise that content must be re-prioritised. If this cannot be done, the industry must act to found a new organisation whose sole priority is the support of content.Less
This chapter considers the threats faced by public service broadcasting (PSB). These threats come externally from market forces, from commercial adversaries chipping away to advance their own agendas, and from the political class with their concerns about bias. The BBC also faces the challenges common to all mature organisations: that of calcification and inertia consequent upon size and success. These attacks have not only had a real effect at the BBC but also on the wider industry with UK PSB content spend reduced by almost £1 billion in the space of a decade. Both management and government need to recognise that content must be re-prioritised. If this cannot be done, the industry must act to found a new organisation whose sole priority is the support of content.
Nathaniel O’Grady
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781526107459
- eISBN:
- 9781526124258
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526107459.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Security Studies
This chapter analyses the British Fire and Rescue Services, in particular how data travel through their digital infrastructures until it is finally computed into risk assessments that intend to ...
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This chapter analyses the British Fire and Rescue Services, in particular how data travel through their digital infrastructures until it is finally computed into risk assessments that intend to predict future occurrences of fire and thereby serve as a means of government. The chapter points to the contingent nature of data, and how it changes both form and content as it becomes mobilised from one department to another. The emphasis is on the mobile as well as the immobile parts of this journey at the end of which stands a novel technique of intervention into one of the most archaic and yet up-to-date threats, that of fire.Less
This chapter analyses the British Fire and Rescue Services, in particular how data travel through their digital infrastructures until it is finally computed into risk assessments that intend to predict future occurrences of fire and thereby serve as a means of government. The chapter points to the contingent nature of data, and how it changes both form and content as it becomes mobilised from one department to another. The emphasis is on the mobile as well as the immobile parts of this journey at the end of which stands a novel technique of intervention into one of the most archaic and yet up-to-date threats, that of fire.
Tess Alps
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781906897710
- eISBN:
- 9781906897802
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9781906897710.003.0005
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
This chapter presents the author's personal interpretation of public service broadcasting (PSB), dissects the relationship between advertising and public service broadcasters, and uses some of ...
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This chapter presents the author's personal interpretation of public service broadcasting (PSB), dissects the relationship between advertising and public service broadcasters, and uses some of Thinkbox's qualitative insight to imagine the future of advertising within PSB. Thinkbox specializes in presenting hard and impartial facts amidst a decade of ‘post-truth’ and ‘alternative’ facts about what is happening to TV. It is argued PSB can be paid for in only one of three ways: a universal licence fee, direct treasury funding, or advertising. Were the BBC to stop receiving a license fee and look towards advertising income instead, overall TV ad revenues would be unlikely to increase sufficiently to replace it and all other broadcasters would suffer, not to mention many other media.Less
This chapter presents the author's personal interpretation of public service broadcasting (PSB), dissects the relationship between advertising and public service broadcasters, and uses some of Thinkbox's qualitative insight to imagine the future of advertising within PSB. Thinkbox specializes in presenting hard and impartial facts amidst a decade of ‘post-truth’ and ‘alternative’ facts about what is happening to TV. It is argued PSB can be paid for in only one of three ways: a universal licence fee, direct treasury funding, or advertising. Were the BBC to stop receiving a license fee and look towards advertising income instead, overall TV ad revenues would be unlikely to increase sufficiently to replace it and all other broadcasters would suffer, not to mention many other media.
Frederick P. Hitz
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780748646272
- eISBN:
- 9780748684496
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748646272.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter first considers the odd relationship between the British Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) and the American Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and its successor, the Central Intelligence ...
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This chapter first considers the odd relationship between the British Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) and the American Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and its successor, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), during the waning days of World War II and the beginning of the Cold War. In addition to surveying a number of pertinent memoirs and biographies, it examines fictional accounts of espionage, focusing on John le Carré's classic espionage novel Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy (1974). The chapter then looks at the Cold War cooperation between the US and UK intelligence services, as the CIA took the lead in combating Soviet subversion and espionage in Europe and around the world. Finally, it introduces the two most damaging American spies of the Cold War era, Aldrich Ames of the CIA and Robert Hanssen of the FBI.Less
This chapter first considers the odd relationship between the British Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) and the American Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and its successor, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), during the waning days of World War II and the beginning of the Cold War. In addition to surveying a number of pertinent memoirs and biographies, it examines fictional accounts of espionage, focusing on John le Carré's classic espionage novel Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy (1974). The chapter then looks at the Cold War cooperation between the US and UK intelligence services, as the CIA took the lead in combating Soviet subversion and espionage in Europe and around the world. Finally, it introduces the two most damaging American spies of the Cold War era, Aldrich Ames of the CIA and Robert Hanssen of the FBI.
Anthony Rimmington
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190928858
- eISBN:
- 9780190943141
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190928858.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
The British Secret Intelligence Service identified the RSFSR People’s Commissariat of Health (RSFSR Narkomzdrav) as being the main agency within which ostensibly civil facilities engaged in offensive ...
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The British Secret Intelligence Service identified the RSFSR People’s Commissariat of Health (RSFSR Narkomzdrav) as being the main agency within which ostensibly civil facilities engaged in offensive biological warfare work were concealed. Significant funds for BW research were channeled from RSFSR Narkomzdrav to the Plague Fort at Kronstadt and to other laboratories in Leningrad. Semen Ivanovich Zlatogorov, who had participated in Russian efforts to combat the October 1910 to February 1911 outbreak of pneumonic plague in Manchuria, and had subsequently emerged as one of the world’s leading authorities on pneumonic plague, was the lead scientist heading up BW research in Leningrad. The key institution operating closely alongside the Narkomzdrav facilities appears to have been the Red Army’s Military-Medical Academy.Less
The British Secret Intelligence Service identified the RSFSR People’s Commissariat of Health (RSFSR Narkomzdrav) as being the main agency within which ostensibly civil facilities engaged in offensive biological warfare work were concealed. Significant funds for BW research were channeled from RSFSR Narkomzdrav to the Plague Fort at Kronstadt and to other laboratories in Leningrad. Semen Ivanovich Zlatogorov, who had participated in Russian efforts to combat the October 1910 to February 1911 outbreak of pneumonic plague in Manchuria, and had subsequently emerged as one of the world’s leading authorities on pneumonic plague, was the lead scientist heading up BW research in Leningrad. The key institution operating closely alongside the Narkomzdrav facilities appears to have been the Red Army’s Military-Medical Academy.