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Chapter 1 comments on different understandings of European governance in different national research communities, with some striking differences evident between British and German scholarship. One element is whether 'Europe' means the EU or the continent, another is whether Europeanization is more organic or more designer-led, and a third is the fit between national political contexts and the phenomenon of Europeanization.

This chapter discusses British patristic scholarship during the twentieth century. After the Reformation, patristic study was considered an important aspect of British theological scholarship. During this period the Church of England played a dominant role in the life of the universities, while the patristics played an important role in that church's definition. The chapter is restricted mostly to British patristic scholarship and references the work of other scholars. It concludes that British patristic study today has to be seen as one contributory stream, situated within a single international community of patristic scholars.

This chapter provides a review of New Testament work since 1902, looking mostly at the movements in British scholarship, but considering their continental European and North American background. It examines the manifold setting of New Testament study during the century, which is followed by comments that arose successively from three periods: 1902–32, 1932–77, and 1977–2002. The interaction of the two principal sides of New Testament study – the theological and the philological – are also discussed.

This chapter examines the history and developments in British scholarship on medieval language studies. It clarifies three topics sensitive to the analysis of British medieval language studies. These include the content of the term medieval as a historical adjective, the meaning and concept of language and what is specifically British scholarship. This chapter focuses on the medieval study of language as a specifically human activity and part of the divine creation of mankind.

This introductory chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about twentieth-century British scholarship on the European Middle Ages. This book covers English and European history, scholarship in particular geographical or cultural areas that is neither mainly historical nor exclusively literary, and other disciplines of crucial importance to medieval studies including archaeology, numismatics and science. The specific topics examined include British research and publications on ecclesiastical history, Slavonic studies and Celtic studies.

This chapter examines British scholarship with respect to German studies during the twentieth century. It explains that until 1925 the only work of modern German literature studied for the Modern and Medieval Languages Tripos at Cambridge was Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's Faust. It also highlights the danger that medieval German studies may face an increasingly bleak future in British universities, where not only the larger subject of German studies itself has changed but consumerist philosophies and appeals to modernity have undermined traditional values.

This chapter examines twentieth-century British scholarship on medieval English legal history. Legal history has long been a marginal subject within British academic life, falling somewhat clumsily between the two stools of law and history, although it is an essential part of both subjects. There were very few English medieval legal historians at work during the twentieth century and this is unlikely to change for the better in the future.

This chapter examines British scholarship and research on the political history of England during the period from 1272 to 1520. It explores the influences and modes of thought that underlay the preoccupations and lines of approach of the scholarship of the years before and attempts to provide explanation for the change of direction after 1950. It explains that most of the works before 1950 were largely narrative studies of particular reigns and of prominent individuals.

In an attempt to raise the quality of education in China's universities, Deng Xiaoping introduced the National Higher Education Entrance Examination so that students are admitted into universities based on academic results rather than political connections. Sir Y. K. Pao supported the move by donating US$1 million to the Education Bureau in Beijing to set up a scholarship. Nevertheless, the fund was later relocated to Zhejiang University as the selection process was more thorough and the results were better reported. He also made a donation of US$10 million to Jiao Tong University for the construction of a library. He set up the Sino-British Friendship Scholarship Scheme as well, with a view to nurture future generations and improve the relationship between China and Britain.