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Coastal resorts and cultural exchange in Europe, 1780–18701

John K. Walton

in Leisure Cultures In Urban Europe, C.1700-1870: A transnational perspective

In the course of the eighteenth and nineteenth century, seaside resorts across Europe developed as one of the most important novel forms of leisure, drawing heavily, like spas, on international ... More

In the course of the eighteenth and nineteenth century, seaside resorts across Europe developed as one of the most important novel forms of leisure, drawing heavily, like spas, on international capital, architectural styles and cultural tastes. However, only a few such places developed into the sort of seasonal gathering grounds for international elites that fostered cultural, political and diplomatic exchanges. Many coastal resorts catered mainly for less exalted markets, offering enclaves of cosmopolitanism embedded in more locally conventional cultures. In western and southern Europe, especially in France, some international resorts attracted a genuinely international elite drawn not only from the royal houses of Europe and the aristocracy but also the worlds of business and entertainment. In locations such as Biarritz, Nice, Deauville, as well as Ostend and San Sebastián, an intensely cosmopolitan but socially exclusive European leisure culture was forged in the later nineteenth century, although this homogenising tendency stood in a constant tension with diverging national and local cultural conventions. The growing convergence of transnational leisure culture appeared to have reached its limits.Less

Catholic Novels: Religious Anxieties in Brighton Rock and The Heart of the Matter

Martyn Sampson

in Between Form and Faith: Graham Greene and the Catholic Novel

Greene opposes the individual and society as a means of understanding how he challenges and relates dogma and experience. In particular, he explores how fiction is not marked by particular notions of ... More

Greene opposes the individual and society as a means of understanding how he challenges and relates dogma and experience. In particular, he explores how fiction is not marked by particular notions of meaning and interpretative procedures but implicated in the society of its writing. This is inclusive of different religious and inter-critical impulses that constitute a given interpretative approach. Greene rejects reductive interpretative approaches in Brighton Rock (1938) because his novel is dynamically transgressive of absolutist notions of meaning. In The Heart of the Matter (1948) Greene’s protagonist, Scobie, needs to be conceived according to diverse models of meaning and within the terms used to understand the other characters in the novel. Greene dramatizes what it means to interpret his fiction by directing attention to the very conception of the interpretative itself. His novels proceed less from a particular form of religion than by the critical concerns by which that religion is apprehended.Less

“Adding Interest to Wonder”: The First Year in Film

Ian Christie

in Robert Paul and the Origins of British Cinema

Paul was launched on a hectic nightly round of screenings at London’s music halls by the success of his projector, yet urgently needed to make new films to enhance the programmes. The Alhambra ... More

Paul was launched on a hectic nightly round of screenings at London’s music halls by the success of his projector, yet urgently needed to make new films to enhance the programmes. The Alhambra manager suggested filming a comic scene on the roof of the theatre, and the resulting Soldier’s Courtship became an immediate success, with one of its actors, Ellen Daws, becoming Paul’s wife a year later. In June, Paul travelled to Epsom to film the Derby, and managed to show his film the following night at the Alhambra, where it was appreciatively encored. Soon the Prince of Wales, owner of the winning horse, came to see it. Magicians also played an important part in popularising the new entertainment, with David Devant presenting it at the Egyptian Hall and at the Henry Wood Promenade concerts, while Carl Hertz took Paul’s projector and films on a world tour. Paul was also active showing programmes around Britain, starting in Brighton, where he would inspire local filmmakers. In September, he sent Henry Short on a tour of Spain and Portugal, which yielded an impressive programme, and led to another expedition to Egypt.Less

Paul and Early Film History

Ian Christie

in Robert Paul and the Origins of British Cinema

Paul was an active member of many organisations dedicated to promoting interest in science generally and especially electrical engineering, His major contribution to the 1931 Faraday Centenary ... More

Paul was an active member of many organisations dedicated to promoting interest in science generally and especially electrical engineering, His major contribution to the 1931 Faraday Centenary exhibition, although largely anonymous, offered a hands-on survey of the history of electrical instrumentation. During the 1930s, he was drawn into recording his role in early film, giving a 1936 speech which appeared in print in Britain and America. However, when the history of British cinema began to be written in the late 1940s, his achievements started to be questioned, except by the French historian Georges Sadoul. Later British historians have challenged Paul’s account of his collaboration with Acres, and in the absence of any records, have attributed much of his more ambitious production to the work of employees.Less

‘Holism’ and urban regeneration

Ambrose Peter

in Partnership working: Policy and practice

This chapter stresses the need to view the regeneration of estates in the context of how all public services operate. It cites the study of housing renewal in inner London, England, and on a ... More

This chapter stresses the need to view the regeneration of estates in the context of how all public services operate. It cites the study of housing renewal in inner London, England, and on a benchmarking study in Brighton. It argues against the claim that public services are now successfully engaged in joined-up thinking and action. It highlights the importance of considering the issues of osmotic effects and non-zero-sum situations, and exporting costs across sectoral boundaries in order to achieve a more holistic working in urban regeneration.Less

‘Unconscious of her own double appearance’: Fanny Burney’s Brighton

Leya Landau

in Coastal Cultures of the Long Nineteenth Century

Better known for her literary representations of Georgian London, Fanny Burney’s final, post-revolutionary novel, The Wanderer (1814), extends a more complex and radical geography than her earlier ... More

Better known for her literary representations of Georgian London, Fanny Burney’s final, post-revolutionary novel, The Wanderer (1814), extends a more complex and radical geography than her earlier works. Opening on a rough sea off the coast of France, the mysterious protagonist, Ellis/Juliet, feels the gravitational pull of Brighthelmstone (Brighton), the celebrated Regency seaside town that provides the setting for most of the novel. This chapter examines the representation of Brighton in The Wanderer, a novel in which the inhabitants of Brighthelmstone quite literally turn their back on the ocean, alongside Burney’s descriptions of the town in her private writings over a number of decades. What emerges from these different genres is a double vision of Brighton that counters contemporary and popular depictions of the town in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.Less

November and December 1972 …

Ian Butler and Mark Drakeford

in Social work on trial: The Colwell Inquiry and the state of welfare

Maria Colwell's death had to be accounted for and not just by the police and the prosecuting authorities. On the Whitehawk Estate there was anger; at first directed towards Maria's mother Pauline ... More

Maria Colwell's death had to be accounted for and not just by the police and the prosecuting authorities. On the Whitehawk Estate there was anger; at first directed towards Maria's mother Pauline Kepple who, on release from police custody, returned to their home at 119 Maresfield Road in Brighton. This anger had not abated by the time of the verdict at the trial of Maria's stepfather William Kepple, and Pauline had to move out of the family home. Maria had been known to the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children and to East Sussex County Council's Social Services Department almost all her life. The express purpose of the public inquiry that, by twists and turns, followed her death in the summer of 1973, was ‘to inquire into and report upon the care and supervision provided by local authorities and other agencies in relation to Maria Colwell and the co-ordination between them’. As well as the actions of particular social workers, social work itself as a form of welfare practice became accountable for Maria Colwell's death.Less

Community-led regeneration: learning loops or reinvented wheels?

Mike Rowe and Marilyn Taylor

in The politics of evaluation: Participation and policy implementation

This chapter examines the evidence-based policy discourse for assuming that there can be clear and uncontested outcomes from interventions, which can then be fed back into policy implementation. It ... More

This chapter examines the evidence-based policy discourse for assuming that there can be clear and uncontested outcomes from interventions, which can then be fed back into policy implementation. It explores the extent to which this rational process was achieved in two local regeneration initiatives established as part of the URBAN programme in Brighton and Nottingham. It concludes that the learning from the evaluation was limited to those directly involved and registers the disappointment felt by participants that the learning from URBAN was not taken on board by the New Deal for Communities (NDC). This is attributed to the determination of the NDC to start afresh without concern that they might be reinventing wheels and this failure to learn from past experiences as seen as a characteristic of the last thirty years of regeneration programmes in the UK.Less

Memorial constructions: The Red Location Cultural Precinct

Naomi Roux

in Remaking the urban: Heritage and transformation in Nelson Mandela Bay

This chapter outlines the history of the Red Location Museum of Struggle and the ‘cultural precinct’ in which it is located, a major piece of post-apartheid public architecture and a flagship ... More

This chapter outlines the history of the Red Location Museum of Struggle and the ‘cultural precinct’ in which it is located, a major piece of post-apartheid public architecture and a flagship heritage and arts project initiated by the city council in 1997. The Red Location Cultural Precinct is located in the oldest portion of New Brighton township, an informal settlement dating to 1902, as both a ‘developmental’ and a memory project. It proved enormously contentious from the outset. Delays in delivering promised state-subsidised formal housing alongside the museum, and lack of transparency in the allocation of these houses to residents once built, were the catalyst for protests on the museum’s doorstep between 2003 and 2005. In 2009, two new buildings were added to the precinct: an art gallery and a state-of-the-art digital library – although neither building has ever been staffed or operationalised. Further protests broke out in the course of 2013, eventually resulting in the closure of the museum. Through this history, the chapter introduces issues related to heritage, memory and the politics of post-apartheid urban transformation that structure the remainder of the book. In particular, it considers the limitations of the concepts of ‘community’, ‘participation’ and ‘development’ as they have been used in this and other urban contexts, and some of the ironies and inherent contradictions in these rhetorics of development.Less

Urban regeneration: who defines the indicators?

Peter Ambrose

in The politics of evaluation: Participation and policy implementation

This chapter discusses the study with the East Brighton community to identify numerous other indicators suggestive of areas of concern untouched by the national framework. It suggests an alternative ... More

This chapter discusses the study with the East Brighton community to identify numerous other indicators suggestive of areas of concern untouched by the national framework. It suggests an alternative range of indicators reflective of residents' participation, partnership working, and service quality and organised to provide relevant information on structure, process, and outcome. It concludes by emphasizing that the failure to challenge prescribed indicators serves to impede power-sharing since indicators specified may not cover issues of great concern to residents.Less

A Machine To See With

Marcos P. Dias

in The Machinic City: Media, Performance and Participation

Chapter 1 provides a participatory account of A Machine To See With, a performative art intervention in urban space by Blast Theory. This is used as a basis to reflect on how participation unfolds in ... More

Chapter 1 provides a participatory account of A Machine To See With, a performative art intervention in urban space by Blast Theory. This is used as a basis to reflect on how participation unfolds in performance art as it is assembled with everyday urban interactions. This account highlights the multiple modes of participation that emerge from the assemblage of artistic narrative, urban space and digital technologies. These modes are subject to technological failure and the many ways in which participants interpreted the artistic narrative of the performance. The importance of tracing relations between actants and analysing their agency is supported by Actor-Network Theory’s (ANT) argument about the difference between mediator actants (actively reconfiguring meaning) and intermediary actants (who simply transport meaning). This is followed by an account of Blast Theory, a renowned artist collective, and some of its most relevant digitally mediated performance art projects: Desert Rain, Can You See Me Now? and Uncle Roy All Around You.These projects illustrate common features across Blast Theory’s body of work, such as the ability to generate hybrid spaces, create playful and fictional interventions in urban space, employ ambiguous narratives and challenge participants to reflect on their ability to trust strangers in urban space.Less

Extended-Service Schools as a District-Wide Strategy

Thomas W. Payzant

in Community Schools in Action: Lessons from a Decade of Practice

Approaches to education reform rarely follow a simple, linear path. Rather than pursuing one approach single-mindedly over an extended period of years, school reform—informed by research, changes ... More

Approaches to education reform rarely follow a simple, linear path. Rather than pursuing one approach single-mindedly over an extended period of years, school reform—informed by research, changes in public policy, and differences in the dynamic needs of students from changing communities—tends to be characterized by continuous change and sometimes seems to recycle approaches that have been tried before. For those of us who have worked toward education reform throughout our careers, this process of change does not betray a lack of consistency or commitment but constitutes a necessary response to the continually changing conditions in which public schools must operate. The demographics of our schools are dynamic, particularly because of escalating numbers of immigrants from around the world. Our fiscal circumstances are in continual flux. Community expectations of what schools should provide are subject to change as well, often through a growing national awareness of the connection between the quality of America’s schools and the character of our democratic institutions. Two of the most significant reform strategies to emerge during the past decade may seem contradictory: on the one hand, those strategies that concentrate relentlessly on instructional improvement, and, on the other hand, those that seek to establish the school as a community centerpiece for addressing a broad range of personal, social, and family needs that relate to the health of the community as a whole. At first glance these two strategies—a narrow focus on teaching and learning contrasted with a wider focus through what are called extended-service or full-service schools— appear to be at cross-purposes. Poor student performance, particularly when combined with difficult economic times, gives rise to a set of tough questions that all educational leaders sooner or later must confront: Can schools be all things to all people? Are educators being asked to take on too much? Can schools be expected to solve all of society’s problems with very limited resources? Is it not better for schools to do a few things well, rather than taking on too much and risking superficial results? Less

‘I’d find a way to contribute to peace’

Jo Berry

in The Northern Ireland Troubles in Britain: Impacts, engagements, legacies and memories

Personal testimony of the daughter of Sir Anthony George Berry, a Conservative MP killed in the Brighton hotel bombing.

Tarakkvlkv (Land of Palms): Bridging the Gap between Archaeology and Tribal Perspectives

Maureen Mahoney

in We Come for Good: Archaeology and Tribal Historic Preservation at the Seminole Tribe of Florida

The recent history of the Brighton reservation is contained in the settlement patterns of the camps established by the various groups moving onto lands of a hostile government. Collective memory is ... More

The recent history of the Brighton reservation is contained in the settlement patterns of the camps established by the various groups moving onto lands of a hostile government. Collective memory is transferred through oral histories, but the patterns that emerge can be viewed through a broad temporal lens to reveal the sociocultural motivations of the broader population. The location of camps near the periphery of the reservation in the early years speaks to the mistrust of the families concerned about the ease of escape should they find themselves in peril from the U.S. government. Two decades later the clustering of camps near schools, roads, and trading stores demonstrates a transition and connectedness to the non-Seminole world. These years were certainly formative in the history of the Tribe. GIS is the tool the THPO uses to draw together oral history and archaeological information in the telling of these important stories.Less

Storying the Monarchy: Royal Tourism and Historic Royal Palaces

Cele C. Otnes and Pauline Maclaran

in Royal Fever: The British Monarchy in Consumer Culture

This chapter discusses the history and management of royal touristic practices covering a range of topics, from grand tours and spa towns to George IV’s gaudy pavilion in Brighton, that have links to ... More

This chapter discusses the history and management of royal touristic practices covering a range of topics, from grand tours and spa towns to George IV’s gaudy pavilion in Brighton, that have links to royal tourism. It also delves into the strategic activities of historic royal palaces, a charity responsible for the day-to-day operations of six “unoccupied” royal residences: the Tower of London, Hampton Court, the Banqueting House at Whitehall Palace, Kensington Palace, Kew Palace, and Hillsborough Castle. The chapter illustrates how historic royal palaces strategically integrate the events, exhibits, and experiences it offers at each residence into its overall goals of conservation, education, and preservation.Less

An English Judge in Europe

Mary Arden

in Human Rights and European Law: Building New Legal Orders

Judges nowadays must deal with case law from the two European supranational courts in Strasbourg and Luxembourg as well as domestic law. The growth of EU law and Strasbourg case law has been ... More

Judges nowadays must deal with case law from the two European supranational courts in Strasbourg and Luxembourg as well as domestic law. The growth of EU law and Strasbourg case law has been described as ‘tidal water rushing up our estuaries’. The receptivity and plasticity of the Strasbourg Court and its case law are highlighted. This chapter makes the neutral assumption that the inundation of EU law continues. It asks: what checks and balances exist or could reasonably be put in place in the relationship between national courts and supranational courts in Europe? It outlines some of the steps that could be taken to ensure a balanced relationship between national and supranational courts.Less

Noraid and the Brighton Bomb

Robert J. Savage

in Northern Ireland, the BBC, and Censorship in Thatcher's Britain

This chapter considers a number of episodes that defined the unrest in the early 1980s, events that tested the ability of the broadcast media to report objectively and accurately about politics, ... More

This chapter considers a number of episodes that defined the unrest in the early 1980s, events that tested the ability of the broadcast media to report objectively and accurately about politics, violence, and the state. The overriding question in these years revolved around what could and could not, or what should and should not, be shown on television. The threat of direct government intervention to suppress programmes about the conflict lurked in the background throughout this period, encouraging a subtle but pervasive form of self-censorship that worked its way into the culture of British broadcasting. The chapter also explores American involvement in the conflict by addressing the visits of the militant Irish Northern Aid Committee or Noraid to Ireland in 1984. When addressing television coverage leading up to the 1985 Anglo-Irish Agreement the chapter considers the infamous 1984 IRA bombing in Brighton that nearly killed Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. In exploring controversial programming the chapter addresses investigative reporting that uncovered miscarriages of justice in Britain, the thorny issue of the media’s relationship with the police, interviews with paramilitaries, and the defiant spectacle of paramilitary funerals.Less

The European Court of Human Rights: From the Cold War to the Brighton Declaration and Backlash

Mikael Rask Madsen

in International Court Authority

This chapter studies the transformation of the authority of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) since its genesis. It shows how the ECtHR, until the mid-to-late 1970s, struggled to maintain ... More

This chapter studies the transformation of the authority of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) since its genesis. It shows how the ECtHR, until the mid-to-late 1970s, struggled to maintain narrow legal authority. Both the Court’s caseload and civil society engagement changed fundamentally however throughout the late 1980s and the 1990s when the ECtHR gained intermediate and extensive authority in large parts of Europe. During this period, the Court became the de facto Supreme Court of human rights in Europe. Starting around 2000, the Court became increasingly overburdened. It was in the context that a number of member states launched a systematic critique of both the Court’s power over national law and politics and the quality of the Court’s judges and their judgments. This discontent climaxed with the 2012 Brighton Declaration, adopted by all forty-seven member states, which began an institutionalized process that aimed to limit the ECtHR’s power.Less