Kia Lilly Caldwell
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780252040986
- eISBN:
- 9780252099533
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040986.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
This chapter analyzes the 2002 maternal death of Alyne da Silva Pimentel and the 2011 decision made by the Committee for the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women ...
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This chapter analyzes the 2002 maternal death of Alyne da Silva Pimentel and the 2011 decision made by the Committee for the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) on behalf of Alyne da Silva Pimentel’s family. The chapter argues that the Alyne case highlights the intersectional relationship among gender, race, and class in shaping Afro-Brazilian women’s vulnerability to maternal death. The analysis explores the racial dimensions of maternal mortality in Brazil and highlights the potential benefits that can be gained from using a human rights approach to address African-descendant women’s experiences of intersectional discrimination.Less
This chapter analyzes the 2002 maternal death of Alyne da Silva Pimentel and the 2011 decision made by the Committee for the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) on behalf of Alyne da Silva Pimentel’s family. The chapter argues that the Alyne case highlights the intersectional relationship among gender, race, and class in shaping Afro-Brazilian women’s vulnerability to maternal death. The analysis explores the racial dimensions of maternal mortality in Brazil and highlights the potential benefits that can be gained from using a human rights approach to address African-descendant women’s experiences of intersectional discrimination.
Kia Lilly Caldwell
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780252040986
- eISBN:
- 9780252099533
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040986.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
Brazil has been long considered a global leader in HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment; however, little is known about the effectiveness of these prevention and treatment efforts for the Afro-Brazilian ...
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Brazil has been long considered a global leader in HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment; however, little is known about the effectiveness of these prevention and treatment efforts for the Afro-Brazilian population. This chapter examines the shift toward greater government action focused on HIV prevention for Afro-Brazilians. The chapter also explores HIV prevention initiatives developed by black women’s organizations and how the dynamics of gender, race, and class shape HIV vulnerability for Afro-Brazilian women. Finally, this chapter examines critiques of racially specific HIV prevention initiatives and the tensions between universalism and race consciousness that have characterized the shift toward focusing on the black population in HIV prevention efforts.Less
Brazil has been long considered a global leader in HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment; however, little is known about the effectiveness of these prevention and treatment efforts for the Afro-Brazilian population. This chapter examines the shift toward greater government action focused on HIV prevention for Afro-Brazilians. The chapter also explores HIV prevention initiatives developed by black women’s organizations and how the dynamics of gender, race, and class shape HIV vulnerability for Afro-Brazilian women. Finally, this chapter examines critiques of racially specific HIV prevention initiatives and the tensions between universalism and race consciousness that have characterized the shift toward focusing on the black population in HIV prevention efforts.
Leslie L. Marsh
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252037252
- eISBN:
- 9780252094378
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252037252.003.0007
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This concluding chapter argues that Brazilian women's film practice retains an impulse to use moving images as a way to denounce social inequality and fight for justice. Indeed, throughout the 1990s ...
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This concluding chapter argues that Brazilian women's film practice retains an impulse to use moving images as a way to denounce social inequality and fight for justice. Indeed, throughout the 1990s and in recent years, one finds an increasingly intersectional approach whereby gender, and female sexuality have been studied in conjunction with age, class, race, ethnicity, and other markers of power and social exclusion. Moreover, the sociopolitical issues raised by women directors from the past find echo in current debates surrounding Brazilian women's filmmaking. As the area of Brazilian women's filmmaking receives increasing attention from academics, analysis of women's filmmaking in Brazil needs to further examine funding strategies women employ to make their films while also expanding its focus to include other arenas in film production, distribution, and exhibition in which women have been involved.Less
This concluding chapter argues that Brazilian women's film practice retains an impulse to use moving images as a way to denounce social inequality and fight for justice. Indeed, throughout the 1990s and in recent years, one finds an increasingly intersectional approach whereby gender, and female sexuality have been studied in conjunction with age, class, race, ethnicity, and other markers of power and social exclusion. Moreover, the sociopolitical issues raised by women directors from the past find echo in current debates surrounding Brazilian women's filmmaking. As the area of Brazilian women's filmmaking receives increasing attention from academics, analysis of women's filmmaking in Brazil needs to further examine funding strategies women employ to make their films while also expanding its focus to include other arenas in film production, distribution, and exhibition in which women have been involved.
Kwame Dixon and John Burdick
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780813037561
- eISBN:
- 9780813043098
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813037561.003.0011
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
A gendered analysis of Afro women's grassroots urban movements in Salvador, Brazil, that articulate racial and class-based claims.
A gendered analysis of Afro women's grassroots urban movements in Salvador, Brazil, that articulate racial and class-based claims.
Leslie L. Marsh
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252037252
- eISBN:
- 9780252094378
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252037252.001.0001
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
At most recent count, there are no fewer than forty-five women in Brazil directing or codirecting feature-length fiction or documentary films. In the early 1990s, women filmmakers in Brazil were ...
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At most recent count, there are no fewer than forty-five women in Brazil directing or codirecting feature-length fiction or documentary films. In the early 1990s, women filmmakers in Brazil were credited for being at the forefront of the rebirth of filmmaking, or retomada, after the abolition of the state film agency and subsequent standstill of film production. Despite their numbers and success, films by Brazilian women directors are generally absent from discussions of Latin American film and published scholarly works. Filling this void, this book focuses on women's film production in Brazil from the mid-1970s to the current era. The book explains how women's filmmaking contributed to the reformulation of sexual, cultural, and political citizenship during Brazil's fight for the return and expansion of civil rights during the 1970s and 1980s and the recent questioning of the quality of democracy in the 1990s and 2000s. It interprets key films by Ana Carolina and Tizuka Yamasaki, documentaries with social themes, and independent videos supported by archival research and extensive interviews with Brazilian women filmmakers. Despite changes in production contexts, recent Brazilian women's films have furthered feminist debates regarding citizenship while raising concerns about the quality of the emergent democracy. This book offers a unique view of how women's audiovisual production has intersected with the reconfigurations of gender and female sexuality put forth by the women's movements in Brazil and continuing demands for greater social, cultural, and political inclusion.Less
At most recent count, there are no fewer than forty-five women in Brazil directing or codirecting feature-length fiction or documentary films. In the early 1990s, women filmmakers in Brazil were credited for being at the forefront of the rebirth of filmmaking, or retomada, after the abolition of the state film agency and subsequent standstill of film production. Despite their numbers and success, films by Brazilian women directors are generally absent from discussions of Latin American film and published scholarly works. Filling this void, this book focuses on women's film production in Brazil from the mid-1970s to the current era. The book explains how women's filmmaking contributed to the reformulation of sexual, cultural, and political citizenship during Brazil's fight for the return and expansion of civil rights during the 1970s and 1980s and the recent questioning of the quality of democracy in the 1990s and 2000s. It interprets key films by Ana Carolina and Tizuka Yamasaki, documentaries with social themes, and independent videos supported by archival research and extensive interviews with Brazilian women filmmakers. Despite changes in production contexts, recent Brazilian women's films have furthered feminist debates regarding citizenship while raising concerns about the quality of the emergent democracy. This book offers a unique view of how women's audiovisual production has intersected with the reconfigurations of gender and female sexuality put forth by the women's movements in Brazil and continuing demands for greater social, cultural, and political inclusion.
Leslie L. Marsh
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252037252
- eISBN:
- 9780252094378
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252037252.003.0001
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the role of women in the Brazilian film industry during the twentieth century. Brazilian women have been channeling their visions of politics and ...
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This introductory chapter provides an overview of the role of women in the Brazilian film industry during the twentieth century. Brazilian women have been channeling their visions of politics and society through cinema throughout the twentieth century. From the beginnings of sound cinema to the close of the studio era, pioneer Brazilian women filmmakers sought out their own opportunities from within the structures of the film industry. They often began as actresses who learned the craft of filmmaking and influenced a film's production while on set. Others relied on their personal finances to produce their own films, referred to as cavação—a staple of production practices in Brazil during the early twentieth century. However, it was on the heels of the international success of Cinema Novo that women began gaining a more solid foothold in filmmaking in Brazil.Less
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the role of women in the Brazilian film industry during the twentieth century. Brazilian women have been channeling their visions of politics and society through cinema throughout the twentieth century. From the beginnings of sound cinema to the close of the studio era, pioneer Brazilian women filmmakers sought out their own opportunities from within the structures of the film industry. They often began as actresses who learned the craft of filmmaking and influenced a film's production while on set. Others relied on their personal finances to produce their own films, referred to as cavação—a staple of production practices in Brazil during the early twentieth century. However, it was on the heels of the international success of Cinema Novo that women began gaining a more solid foothold in filmmaking in Brazil.
Erica Lorraine Williams
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252037931
- eISBN:
- 9780252095191
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252037931.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gender and Sexuality
This chapter examines how state and nongovernmental organizations' campaigns in Brazil construct sex tourism as a problem to be eradicated in part by conflating it with trafficking, along with the ...
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This chapter examines how state and nongovernmental organizations' campaigns in Brazil construct sex tourism as a problem to be eradicated in part by conflating it with trafficking, along with the questions it raises about the possibilities of transnational mobility for socioeconomically disadvantaged Brazilian women. The chapter begins with a historical overview of the concept of trafficking and of global antitrafficking movements as well as the ways in which “trafficking” has been confused and conflated with “sex tourism.” It then considers how trafficking and sex tourism have been constituted as objects of knowledge before discussing the campaign activities of Aprosba and CHAME (Humanitarian Center for the Support of Women). It shows that CHAME's anti-trafficking educational campaign materials constitute an “archive of racialized sexuality” that creates “moral panics” about interracial sex and transnational border crossings that reinforces notions of who is worthy of the privileges of transnational mobility.Less
This chapter examines how state and nongovernmental organizations' campaigns in Brazil construct sex tourism as a problem to be eradicated in part by conflating it with trafficking, along with the questions it raises about the possibilities of transnational mobility for socioeconomically disadvantaged Brazilian women. The chapter begins with a historical overview of the concept of trafficking and of global antitrafficking movements as well as the ways in which “trafficking” has been confused and conflated with “sex tourism.” It then considers how trafficking and sex tourism have been constituted as objects of knowledge before discussing the campaign activities of Aprosba and CHAME (Humanitarian Center for the Support of Women). It shows that CHAME's anti-trafficking educational campaign materials constitute an “archive of racialized sexuality” that creates “moral panics” about interracial sex and transnational border crossings that reinforces notions of who is worthy of the privileges of transnational mobility.
Erica Lorraine Williams
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252037931
- eISBN:
- 9780252095191
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252037931.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gender and Sexuality
This chapter examines the motivations, experiences, and subjectivities of sex tourists in Salvador by considering the experiences of a young white heterosexual male sex tourist from New York and an ...
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This chapter examines the motivations, experiences, and subjectivities of sex tourists in Salvador by considering the experiences of a young white heterosexual male sex tourist from New York and an African American man who is not a sex tourist but who provides insights into the imagination of Brazilian women as exotic and hypersexual. More specifically, the chapter asks how sex tourists understand and articulate their racialized desires, how the tourist experience is characterized by liminality, and how the desire for “touristic intimacy” plays out in Salvador's touristscape. Drawing on the stories of the two men, the chapter shows how discourses of black hypersexuality circulate both in Brazilian sex tourism and in the transnational tourism industry. In particular, the (imagined) hypersexuality of Brazilian women of African descent plays an important role in the experiences of foreign tourists, regardless of whether or not they actually have sex with Brazilian women.Less
This chapter examines the motivations, experiences, and subjectivities of sex tourists in Salvador by considering the experiences of a young white heterosexual male sex tourist from New York and an African American man who is not a sex tourist but who provides insights into the imagination of Brazilian women as exotic and hypersexual. More specifically, the chapter asks how sex tourists understand and articulate their racialized desires, how the tourist experience is characterized by liminality, and how the desire for “touristic intimacy” plays out in Salvador's touristscape. Drawing on the stories of the two men, the chapter shows how discourses of black hypersexuality circulate both in Brazilian sex tourism and in the transnational tourism industry. In particular, the (imagined) hypersexuality of Brazilian women of African descent plays an important role in the experiences of foreign tourists, regardless of whether or not they actually have sex with Brazilian women.
Maria A. de Oliveira
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781474448475
- eISBN:
- 9781474496070
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448475.003.0014
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter discusses Woolf’s reception in Brazil as revealed through the work of Brazilian women writers. As a theoretical framework, the chapter relies on a transnational approach including ...
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This chapter discusses Woolf’s reception in Brazil as revealed through the work of Brazilian women writers. As a theoretical framework, the chapter relies on a transnational approach including Jessica Berman’s Modernist Commitments: Ethics, Politics and Transnational Modernism; Chandra Talpade Mohanty’s ‘Under Western eyes: Feminist scholarship and colonial discourse’, Gayatri C. Spivak’s article ‘Can the subaltern speak?’ and Pelogia Goulimari’s Women Writing Across Cultures. The chapter traces the waves of feminism in Brazil over the decades, examines Woolf’s surge of popularity in Brazil following the publication of Brenda Silver’s Virginia Woolf Icon (1999), and analyses Woolf’s impact on multiple Brazilian women writers: Tetrá de Teffé (1897–1995), Lucia Miguel Pereira (1901–59), Clarice Lispector (1920–77), Carolina Maria de Jesus (1914–77), Ana Cristina Cesar (1952–83), Lygia Fagundes Telles (1923–), Hilda Hilst (1930–2004), Sônia Coutinho (1939–), Adriana Lunardi (1964–), Luiza Lobo (1948–) and Hilda Gouveia de Oliveira (1946–). By the twenty-first century, Woolf’s work has become truly global. Woolf died more than sixty years ago, but her texts are still alive, and she is still moving and inspiring other women writers, to the point that we can talk about a multiplicity of Woolfs.Less
This chapter discusses Woolf’s reception in Brazil as revealed through the work of Brazilian women writers. As a theoretical framework, the chapter relies on a transnational approach including Jessica Berman’s Modernist Commitments: Ethics, Politics and Transnational Modernism; Chandra Talpade Mohanty’s ‘Under Western eyes: Feminist scholarship and colonial discourse’, Gayatri C. Spivak’s article ‘Can the subaltern speak?’ and Pelogia Goulimari’s Women Writing Across Cultures. The chapter traces the waves of feminism in Brazil over the decades, examines Woolf’s surge of popularity in Brazil following the publication of Brenda Silver’s Virginia Woolf Icon (1999), and analyses Woolf’s impact on multiple Brazilian women writers: Tetrá de Teffé (1897–1995), Lucia Miguel Pereira (1901–59), Clarice Lispector (1920–77), Carolina Maria de Jesus (1914–77), Ana Cristina Cesar (1952–83), Lygia Fagundes Telles (1923–), Hilda Hilst (1930–2004), Sônia Coutinho (1939–), Adriana Lunardi (1964–), Luiza Lobo (1948–) and Hilda Gouveia de Oliveira (1946–). By the twenty-first century, Woolf’s work has become truly global. Woolf died more than sixty years ago, but her texts are still alive, and she is still moving and inspiring other women writers, to the point that we can talk about a multiplicity of Woolfs.
Erica Lorraine Williams
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814785089
- eISBN:
- 9780814785102
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814785089.003.0014
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This chapter examines the racialization of trafficking-related discourse in ways that reflect state migration policies in Brazil. In particular, it shows how trafficking discourse is used as a ...
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This chapter examines the racialization of trafficking-related discourse in ways that reflect state migration policies in Brazil. In particular, it shows how trafficking discourse is used as a convenient mechanism to deny Afro-Brazilian women who work as prostitutes in Salvador de Bahia, Brazil, their right to freedom of movement, and thus their opportunities for transnational mobility. It first discusses public debates surrounding sex tourism as well as the effects and limitations of anti-sex tourism campaigns launched by the state and civil society in Bahia, with particular emphasis on the work of the nongovernmental organization CHAME. It then considers how such campaigns often reproduce stereotypical images and sensationalized stories that contribute to a “moral panic” over interracial sex and transnational border crossings. It also describes the work of the Association of Prostitutes of Bahia as a model for untangling the sex work-trafficking conflation.Less
This chapter examines the racialization of trafficking-related discourse in ways that reflect state migration policies in Brazil. In particular, it shows how trafficking discourse is used as a convenient mechanism to deny Afro-Brazilian women who work as prostitutes in Salvador de Bahia, Brazil, their right to freedom of movement, and thus their opportunities for transnational mobility. It first discusses public debates surrounding sex tourism as well as the effects and limitations of anti-sex tourism campaigns launched by the state and civil society in Bahia, with particular emphasis on the work of the nongovernmental organization CHAME. It then considers how such campaigns often reproduce stereotypical images and sensationalized stories that contribute to a “moral panic” over interracial sex and transnational border crossings. It also describes the work of the Association of Prostitutes of Bahia as a model for untangling the sex work-trafficking conflation.
Molly C. Ball
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781683401667
- eISBN:
- 9781683402336
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9781683401667.003.0008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
The Old Republic could have been a turning point in Brazilian development, but two important factors stunted that potential. The Hospedaria provided a cheap labor supply by bringing in working ...
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The Old Republic could have been a turning point in Brazilian development, but two important factors stunted that potential. The Hospedaria provided a cheap labor supply by bringing in working families, proving a disincentive to industrialist innovation. World War I cut short standards-of-living advancements and exacerbated working-class divisions. By the end of the Old Republic, access to the middle class was open to some, but closed to most, especially Afro-Brazilian women. These conclusions encourage scholars to revisit World War I’s impact in Latin America; to investigate how state institutions impact development; to consider working-class divisions when analysing Getulio Vargas–era labor reforms; and to include family agency in analyses of the modern era.Less
The Old Republic could have been a turning point in Brazilian development, but two important factors stunted that potential. The Hospedaria provided a cheap labor supply by bringing in working families, proving a disincentive to industrialist innovation. World War I cut short standards-of-living advancements and exacerbated working-class divisions. By the end of the Old Republic, access to the middle class was open to some, but closed to most, especially Afro-Brazilian women. These conclusions encourage scholars to revisit World War I’s impact in Latin America; to investigate how state institutions impact development; to consider working-class divisions when analysing Getulio Vargas–era labor reforms; and to include family agency in analyses of the modern era.
