Peggy Levitt
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195305418
- eISBN:
- 9780199785094
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195305418.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
In the 21st century, many people will live transnational lives, belonging to several societies and cultures at once, and they will use religion to do so. This chapter discusses how immigrants from ...
More
In the 21st century, many people will live transnational lives, belonging to several societies and cultures at once, and they will use religion to do so. This chapter discusses how immigrants from Pakistan, India, Ireland, and Brazil living in the Boston area are reshaping the religious landscape and, by so doing, calling into question fundamental assumptions about nations, immigration, and religion.Less
In the 21st century, many people will live transnational lives, belonging to several societies and cultures at once, and they will use religion to do so. This chapter discusses how immigrants from Pakistan, India, Ireland, and Brazil living in the Boston area are reshaping the religious landscape and, by so doing, calling into question fundamental assumptions about nations, immigration, and religion.
Linda L. Barnes
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195167979
- eISBN:
- 9780199784981
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019516797X.003.0012
- Subject:
- Religion, World Religions
This chapter proposes two ways to study religion and healing. The first outlines a program that involves an urban ethnographic study of culturally/religiously based approaches to healing in the ...
More
This chapter proposes two ways to study religion and healing. The first outlines a program that involves an urban ethnographic study of culturally/religiously based approaches to healing in the African Diaspora communities of Boston, Massachusetts. The second relates to ways in which findings from the first kind of course can be incorporated into different levels of medical education, thereby introducing a highly-focused aspect of religious studies into the training of biomedical clinicians.Less
This chapter proposes two ways to study religion and healing. The first outlines a program that involves an urban ethnographic study of culturally/religiously based approaches to healing in the African Diaspora communities of Boston, Massachusetts. The second relates to ways in which findings from the first kind of course can be incorporated into different levels of medical education, thereby introducing a highly-focused aspect of religious studies into the training of biomedical clinicians.
Michael H. Best
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199263233
- eISBN:
- 9780191718847
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199263233.003.0011
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Strategy
This chapter presents a new model of technology management and regional innovation based on the principle of systems integration. The principle of systems integration is manifested in the ...
More
This chapter presents a new model of technology management and regional innovation based on the principle of systems integration. The principle of systems integration is manifested in the organizational capability of firms — individually and networked — to foster rapid technological change. The effect is a network or cluster of entrepreneurial firms in which design is decentralized within the enterprise and diffused amongst networked enterprises. The combination of entrepreneurial firms and inter-firm networks fosters a range of dynamic cluster processes that, in turn, underlie the growth of Silicon Valley and the unexpected resurgence of Boston's Route 128.Less
This chapter presents a new model of technology management and regional innovation based on the principle of systems integration. The principle of systems integration is manifested in the organizational capability of firms — individually and networked — to foster rapid technological change. The effect is a network or cluster of entrepreneurial firms in which design is decentralized within the enterprise and diffused amongst networked enterprises. The combination of entrepreneurial firms and inter-firm networks fosters a range of dynamic cluster processes that, in turn, underlie the growth of Silicon Valley and the unexpected resurgence of Boston's Route 128.
Mark Valeri
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195390971
- eISBN:
- 9780199777099
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195390971.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity, Church History
This chapter explores the mixed history of Calvin’s influence on economic mores and practices in early America. It retraces Calvin’s ideal for economic discipline over the emergent market in Geneva. ...
More
This chapter explores the mixed history of Calvin’s influence on economic mores and practices in early America. It retraces Calvin’s ideal for economic discipline over the emergent market in Geneva. It shows how three different communities in colonial America transposed Calvinist ideals: Puritans in Boston, with their localized conceptions of social order; Dutch Reformed leaders in New York, with their urbane mercantile associations; and Huguenots in Charleston, with their dispersed social networks. Calvin promulgated a flexible and pragmatic approach to scripture that allowed his adherents to adapt economic instruction to the needs of their religious communities. Early American Calvinists followed this method when they transformed their teaching about commerce and the nascent market economy in the context of colonization. Throughout, this chapter challenges how the Weber thesis has been misapplied to the American context.Less
This chapter explores the mixed history of Calvin’s influence on economic mores and practices in early America. It retraces Calvin’s ideal for economic discipline over the emergent market in Geneva. It shows how three different communities in colonial America transposed Calvinist ideals: Puritans in Boston, with their localized conceptions of social order; Dutch Reformed leaders in New York, with their urbane mercantile associations; and Huguenots in Charleston, with their dispersed social networks. Calvin promulgated a flexible and pragmatic approach to scripture that allowed his adherents to adapt economic instruction to the needs of their religious communities. Early American Calvinists followed this method when they transformed their teaching about commerce and the nascent market economy in the context of colonization. Throughout, this chapter challenges how the Weber thesis has been misapplied to the American context.
William Kostlevy
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195377842
- eISBN:
- 9780199777204
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195377842.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
In December 1901 the MCA rented Boston’s famed Park Street Church for a ten-day revival with E. L. Harvey, Duke Farson, Bud Robinson and Seth C. Rees as principal evangelists. Evicted after several ...
More
In December 1901 the MCA rented Boston’s famed Park Street Church for a ten-day revival with E. L. Harvey, Duke Farson, Bud Robinson and Seth C. Rees as principal evangelists. Evicted after several days for their dancing and attacks on traditional churches, Duke Farson rented nearby Mechanics Hall. The services attracted as many as seven thousand people to a single service. Shortly after the meetings began, Martin Wells Knapp died Cincinnati. In the power struggle that followed three women emerged as trustees of Knapp’s religious empire: Mary Storey, Knapp’s wife Minnie Ferle Knapp and Knapp’s secretary Bessie Queen who became editor of God’s Revivalist. In the ensuing power struggle the MCA claiming Knapp’s mantle separated from the Cincinnati movement.Less
In December 1901 the MCA rented Boston’s famed Park Street Church for a ten-day revival with E. L. Harvey, Duke Farson, Bud Robinson and Seth C. Rees as principal evangelists. Evicted after several days for their dancing and attacks on traditional churches, Duke Farson rented nearby Mechanics Hall. The services attracted as many as seven thousand people to a single service. Shortly after the meetings began, Martin Wells Knapp died Cincinnati. In the power struggle that followed three women emerged as trustees of Knapp’s religious empire: Mary Storey, Knapp’s wife Minnie Ferle Knapp and Knapp’s secretary Bessie Queen who became editor of God’s Revivalist. In the ensuing power struggle the MCA claiming Knapp’s mantle separated from the Cincinnati movement.
Margaret Lamberts Bendroth
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195173901
- eISBN:
- 9780199835577
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195173902.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
In the spring of 1885, Boston police arrested three clergymen for preaching on Boston Common. Two of the men, H. L. Hastings and W. H. Davis, were fairly obscure evangelists; the third was A. J. ...
More
In the spring of 1885, Boston police arrested three clergymen for preaching on Boston Common. Two of the men, H. L. Hastings and W. H. Davis, were fairly obscure evangelists; the third was A. J. Gordon, well-known pastor of the Clarendon Baptist Church in the South End. The event’s heavily publicized unfolding fueled conspiratorial speculation among Protestants, bringing them into direct confrontation with Hugh O’Brien, Boston’s newly elected Irish-Catholic mayor, and the Catholic-dominated city government.Less
In the spring of 1885, Boston police arrested three clergymen for preaching on Boston Common. Two of the men, H. L. Hastings and W. H. Davis, were fairly obscure evangelists; the third was A. J. Gordon, well-known pastor of the Clarendon Baptist Church in the South End. The event’s heavily publicized unfolding fueled conspiratorial speculation among Protestants, bringing them into direct confrontation with Hugh O’Brien, Boston’s newly elected Irish-Catholic mayor, and the Catholic-dominated city government.
J. Rixey Ruffin
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195326512
- eISBN:
- 9780199870417
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326512.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
The prologue narrates both the formative years of Bentley's life before his call to the East Church in 1783 and also the history of that church before that date. Born the son of an artisan father in ...
More
The prologue narrates both the formative years of Bentley's life before his call to the East Church in 1783 and also the history of that church before that date. Born the son of an artisan father in Boston's North End in 1759 but educated at Harvard thanks to his own intellectual skills and the financial largesse of his maternal grandfather, Bentley began and continued through his life straddling two social worlds, a tension that would later help drive his ideological changes. Meanwhile, members of the East Church were no longer satisfied with their pastor after the Revolutionary War. They wanted a corresponding change of leadership in their own spiritual community. They could not easily dismiss their existing pastor, but they could call an assistant pastor in order to bring the conflict to a head. In Bentley they found their man and in 1783 invited him up to Salem.Less
The prologue narrates both the formative years of Bentley's life before his call to the East Church in 1783 and also the history of that church before that date. Born the son of an artisan father in Boston's North End in 1759 but educated at Harvard thanks to his own intellectual skills and the financial largesse of his maternal grandfather, Bentley began and continued through his life straddling two social worlds, a tension that would later help drive his ideological changes. Meanwhile, members of the East Church were no longer satisfied with their pastor after the Revolutionary War. They wanted a corresponding change of leadership in their own spiritual community. They could not easily dismiss their existing pastor, but they could call an assistant pastor in order to bring the conflict to a head. In Bentley they found their man and in 1783 invited him up to Salem.
Harvey Cox
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691158853
- eISBN:
- 9781400848850
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691158853.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter illustrates the rich variety of the secularization process, looking at four cities representing four distinctive regions. These cities include New Delhi, Rome, Prague, and Boston. They ...
More
This chapter illustrates the rich variety of the secularization process, looking at four cities representing four distinctive regions. These cities include New Delhi, Rome, Prague, and Boston. They represent the march of secularization and urbanization in, respectively, Southeast Asia, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, and the United States. Each of the four has felt the pressure of secularization differently, in part because of their diverse histories. The careers of these cities prove that the emergence of a world-wide urban civilization need not obliterate the distinctive coloration of particular cities or erase the uniqueness of their character. The chapter also demonstrates an important distinction made in an earlier chapter—the difference between secularization as a historical movement and secularism as ideology.Less
This chapter illustrates the rich variety of the secularization process, looking at four cities representing four distinctive regions. These cities include New Delhi, Rome, Prague, and Boston. They represent the march of secularization and urbanization in, respectively, Southeast Asia, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, and the United States. Each of the four has felt the pressure of secularization differently, in part because of their diverse histories. The careers of these cities prove that the emergence of a world-wide urban civilization need not obliterate the distinctive coloration of particular cities or erase the uniqueness of their character. The chapter also demonstrates an important distinction made in an earlier chapter—the difference between secularization as a historical movement and secularism as ideology.
Peter D.G. Thomas
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201427
- eISBN:
- 9780191674877
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201427.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
Britain's ministerial policy on America remained a well-guarded secret, and when the House of Commons assembled on March 14, 1774 most MPs were not aware of what would be proposed. Prime Minister ...
More
Britain's ministerial policy on America remained a well-guarded secret, and when the House of Commons assembled on March 14, 1774 most MPs were not aware of what would be proposed. Prime Minister Lord North opened the debate by explaining that he would be concerned only with remedial measures, not with any long-term planning. He would confine his proposals to Boston because, while elsewhere in America ‘pernicious doctrines’ had been enunciated, actual violence had taken place only there. Boston would thereby be deservedly punished, and made an example of to the rest of America. This policy decision took into account not only the Boston Tea Party but also ‘the open, outrageous proceedings which we have seen in that place not only now, but from time to time for six or seven years past’. That was all North said about ministerial policy, apart from his later disclosure that Boston harbour would be closed until compensation had been made to the East India Company.Less
Britain's ministerial policy on America remained a well-guarded secret, and when the House of Commons assembled on March 14, 1774 most MPs were not aware of what would be proposed. Prime Minister Lord North opened the debate by explaining that he would be concerned only with remedial measures, not with any long-term planning. He would confine his proposals to Boston because, while elsewhere in America ‘pernicious doctrines’ had been enunciated, actual violence had taken place only there. Boston would thereby be deservedly punished, and made an example of to the rest of America. This policy decision took into account not only the Boston Tea Party but also ‘the open, outrageous proceedings which we have seen in that place not only now, but from time to time for six or seven years past’. That was all North said about ministerial policy, apart from his later disclosure that Boston harbour would be closed until compensation had been made to the East India Company.
Peter D.G. Thomas
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201427
- eISBN:
- 9780191674877
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201427.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
Britain's direct ministerial response to the Boston Tea Party was the closure of Boston harbour and an intention to punish its perpetrators. But that event also occasioned the implementation of ...
More
Britain's direct ministerial response to the Boston Tea Party was the closure of Boston harbour and an intention to punish its perpetrators. But that event also occasioned the implementation of measures for the future control of Massachusetts, including a permanent change in the colony's constitution. For most of the previous decade, there had been growing recognition among British politicians that it was that constitution, as established under its charter of 1691, which made Massachusetts so ungovernable. That the popular Assembly of 128 members, only four of them from Boston, should be elected annually was customary in the colonies. What was distinctive about Massachusetts was the elective nature of the Council. On April 15, 1774 Prime Minister Lord North duly introduced the Massachusetts Government Bill, a piece of legislation that sparked debates in Parliament.Less
Britain's direct ministerial response to the Boston Tea Party was the closure of Boston harbour and an intention to punish its perpetrators. But that event also occasioned the implementation of measures for the future control of Massachusetts, including a permanent change in the colony's constitution. For most of the previous decade, there had been growing recognition among British politicians that it was that constitution, as established under its charter of 1691, which made Massachusetts so ungovernable. That the popular Assembly of 128 members, only four of them from Boston, should be elected annually was customary in the colonies. What was distinctive about Massachusetts was the elective nature of the Council. On April 15, 1774 Prime Minister Lord North duly introduced the Massachusetts Government Bill, a piece of legislation that sparked debates in Parliament.
Benjamin L. Carp
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195304022
- eISBN:
- 9780199788606
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195304022.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
The first chapter focuses on the imperial conflict as it unfolded in the maritime and commercial spaces of Boston. Boston hosted a series crowd actions: the Knowles Riot of 1747, the Stamp Act riots ...
More
The first chapter focuses on the imperial conflict as it unfolded in the maritime and commercial spaces of Boston. Boston hosted a series crowd actions: the Knowles Riot of 1747, the Stamp Act riots of 1765, the Liberty riot of 1768, the Boston Massacre of 1770, and the Boston Tea Party of 1773. British authorities repeatedly tried to assert control over Boston's waterfront community, and each time, merchants and mariners mobilized in response to impressment (by resisting), customs duties (by smuggling), and other impositions of imperial authority. Five times the Bostonians banished imperial officials, soldiers, and other pariahs to Castle Island in the harbor. The central significance of the Boston waterfront had crystallized by 1774, when Parliament singled the city out for punishment. Boston's conspicuous leadership among the waterfront communities of North America demonstrated how mobilization could unify city dwellers from throughout the social spectrum and across the continent.Less
The first chapter focuses on the imperial conflict as it unfolded in the maritime and commercial spaces of Boston. Boston hosted a series crowd actions: the Knowles Riot of 1747, the Stamp Act riots of 1765, the Liberty riot of 1768, the Boston Massacre of 1770, and the Boston Tea Party of 1773. British authorities repeatedly tried to assert control over Boston's waterfront community, and each time, merchants and mariners mobilized in response to impressment (by resisting), customs duties (by smuggling), and other impositions of imperial authority. Five times the Bostonians banished imperial officials, soldiers, and other pariahs to Castle Island in the harbor. The central significance of the Boston waterfront had crystallized by 1774, when Parliament singled the city out for punishment. Boston's conspicuous leadership among the waterfront communities of North America demonstrated how mobilization could unify city dwellers from throughout the social spectrum and across the continent.
Jeffrey A. Summit
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195173048
- eISBN:
- 9780199872091
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195173048.003.0017
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
Drawing upon fieldwork in five different Jewish communities or synagogues in the Boston area, this chapter examines nusach as an adaptive strategy. It uses an emic, or insider's, perspective to ...
More
Drawing upon fieldwork in five different Jewish communities or synagogues in the Boston area, this chapter examines nusach as an adaptive strategy. It uses an emic, or insider's, perspective to interpret nusach's complex dimensions, on one hand, traditional Jewish prayer modes and metrical songs, on the other; the metaphorical sense of being “torn away” from tradition, and the resulting mixing with local and individual practices of music and worship. Jewish sacred song opens outward to accommodate the religious experience of liberal and orthodox Jews in Boston, and it provides a context for their lives, allowing decisions that make Judaism in America inclusive and exclusive. Specific songs, such as “Arba'im shanah” (“Forty Years”) from the Sabbath eve service, provide case studies.Less
Drawing upon fieldwork in five different Jewish communities or synagogues in the Boston area, this chapter examines nusach as an adaptive strategy. It uses an emic, or insider's, perspective to interpret nusach's complex dimensions, on one hand, traditional Jewish prayer modes and metrical songs, on the other; the metaphorical sense of being “torn away” from tradition, and the resulting mixing with local and individual practices of music and worship. Jewish sacred song opens outward to accommodate the religious experience of liberal and orthodox Jews in Boston, and it provides a context for their lives, allowing decisions that make Judaism in America inclusive and exclusive. Specific songs, such as “Arba'im shanah” (“Forty Years”) from the Sabbath eve service, provide case studies.
Cynthia Grant Tucker
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195390209
- eISBN:
- 9780199866670
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195390209.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
The 1882 ordination of Abby's son Christopher Rhodes Eliot (1856‐1945) in the Boston suburb of Dorchester brings the story back to the east, and eight years later, his marriage to Mary Jackson May ...
More
The 1882 ordination of Abby's son Christopher Rhodes Eliot (1856‐1945) in the Boston suburb of Dorchester brings the story back to the east, and eight years later, his marriage to Mary Jackson May (1859‐1926) introduces a radical spirit into the line of Eliot women. Descended from staunch abolitionist preachers and independent females the likes of Abby May and Louisa May Alcott, Mary takes charge as the dominant spouse and is instrumental in Christopher's moving the family to Beacon Hill and taking charge of Bulfinch Place Church in Boston's squalid West End. Summers at Camp Maple Hill on Lake Memphremagog in Quebec reinforce the female hegemony that emboldens the next wave of parsonage females. Martha May Eliot (1891‐1978) and Abby Adams Eliot (1892‐1992) will script larger lives without abandoning their inherited values.Less
The 1882 ordination of Abby's son Christopher Rhodes Eliot (1856‐1945) in the Boston suburb of Dorchester brings the story back to the east, and eight years later, his marriage to Mary Jackson May (1859‐1926) introduces a radical spirit into the line of Eliot women. Descended from staunch abolitionist preachers and independent females the likes of Abby May and Louisa May Alcott, Mary takes charge as the dominant spouse and is instrumental in Christopher's moving the family to Beacon Hill and taking charge of Bulfinch Place Church in Boston's squalid West End. Summers at Camp Maple Hill on Lake Memphremagog in Quebec reinforce the female hegemony that emboldens the next wave of parsonage females. Martha May Eliot (1891‐1978) and Abby Adams Eliot (1892‐1992) will script larger lives without abandoning their inherited values.
R. Allen Lott
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195148831
- eISBN:
- 9780199869695
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195148831.003.0017
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
The American tour of Hans von Bülow, recently divorced from Cosima Wagner, was managed by Bernard Ullman; Bülow's letters to Ullman provide insight into his contract negotiations, which included the ...
More
The American tour of Hans von Bülow, recently divorced from Cosima Wagner, was managed by Bernard Ullman; Bülow's letters to Ullman provide insight into his contract negotiations, which included the sponsorship of the Chickering piano firm. Bülow's performances were recognized for their unfailingly flawlessness and their faithful interpretation. His opening appearances in Boston included the world premiere of the Tchaikowsky first piano concerto. His opening New York appearances included the dedication of the new Chickering Hall.Less
The American tour of Hans von Bülow, recently divorced from Cosima Wagner, was managed by Bernard Ullman; Bülow's letters to Ullman provide insight into his contract negotiations, which included the sponsorship of the Chickering piano firm. Bülow's performances were recognized for their unfailingly flawlessness and their faithful interpretation. His opening appearances in Boston included the world premiere of the Tchaikowsky first piano concerto. His opening New York appearances included the dedication of the new Chickering Hall.
Peter D.G. Thomas
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201427
- eISBN:
- 9780191674877
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201427.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
British government policy for America in 1774 was to be based on the premiss that Boston was the centre of resistance to the tea duty. Punitive action was initiated against that port, and other ...
More
British government policy for America in 1774 was to be based on the premiss that Boston was the centre of resistance to the tea duty. Punitive action was initiated against that port, and other legislation enacted to tighten control over Massachusetts; but no formal notice was taken of the circumstances elsewhere that had prevented any sale in America of tea dispatched under the 1773 Tea Act. That was a deliberate decision. Both official correspondence and public news from America made British Prime Minister Lord North only too well informed as to what had happened in the colonies. Yet the cabinet chose to ignore the general resistance in seeking to make an example of Boston. The Boston Tea Party was a more direct and violent challenge to British authority than had occurred in the Stamp Act Crisis and the Townshend Duties crisis, and there was now in Britain a ministry that could not and would not overlook it.Less
British government policy for America in 1774 was to be based on the premiss that Boston was the centre of resistance to the tea duty. Punitive action was initiated against that port, and other legislation enacted to tighten control over Massachusetts; but no formal notice was taken of the circumstances elsewhere that had prevented any sale in America of tea dispatched under the 1773 Tea Act. That was a deliberate decision. Both official correspondence and public news from America made British Prime Minister Lord North only too well informed as to what had happened in the colonies. Yet the cabinet chose to ignore the general resistance in seeking to make an example of Boston. The Boston Tea Party was a more direct and violent challenge to British authority than had occurred in the Stamp Act Crisis and the Townshend Duties crisis, and there was now in Britain a ministry that could not and would not overlook it.
Peter D.G. Thomas
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201427
- eISBN:
- 9780191674877
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201427.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
Massachusetts was the focus of political attention in Britain long before news of the Boston Tea Party reached London on January 19, 1774. Much interest was taken in the Hutchinson Letters episode, ...
More
Massachusetts was the focus of political attention in Britain long before news of the Boston Tea Party reached London on January 19, 1774. Much interest was taken in the Hutchinson Letters episode, especially over the identity of the perpetrator. Popular suspicion in both Britain and America fell on John Temple, a son-in-law of Boston radical James Bowdoin. Benjamin Franklin eventually admitted that he was the one who obtained and transmitted to Boston the letters in question. News of the widespread colonial resistance to the East India Company's tea had come before the end of 1773. The measures taken in 1774 were neither in manner nor in content what British Prime Minister Lord North's cabinet would have preferred. Some of the more moderate alternatives contemplated had not proved feasible, while others had been deliberately dropped as too extreme. The 1774 policy was the minimum response that could have been adopted after news of the Boston Tea Party.Less
Massachusetts was the focus of political attention in Britain long before news of the Boston Tea Party reached London on January 19, 1774. Much interest was taken in the Hutchinson Letters episode, especially over the identity of the perpetrator. Popular suspicion in both Britain and America fell on John Temple, a son-in-law of Boston radical James Bowdoin. Benjamin Franklin eventually admitted that he was the one who obtained and transmitted to Boston the letters in question. News of the widespread colonial resistance to the East India Company's tea had come before the end of 1773. The measures taken in 1774 were neither in manner nor in content what British Prime Minister Lord North's cabinet would have preferred. Some of the more moderate alternatives contemplated had not proved feasible, while others had been deliberately dropped as too extreme. The 1774 policy was the minimum response that could have been adopted after news of the Boston Tea Party.
Peter D.G. Thomas
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201427
- eISBN:
- 9780191674877
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201427.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
The British legislation of 1774 united an America divided by the Boston Tea Party. The policy it embodied has often been condemned as foolish by historians blessed with the wisdom ...
More
The British legislation of 1774 united an America divided by the Boston Tea Party. The policy it embodied has often been condemned as foolish by historians blessed with the wisdom of hindsight. Such facile criticism overlooks the dilemma that British Prime Minister Lord North's administration could not have ignored such defiance, and yet that any retaliation would be resented. Indeed, the policy was a moderate one, and attacked by many in Britain for that reason. But it would be foolish to attribute American resistance to incitement from Britain, despite the opinions to that effect voiced by colonial officials and British politicians both before and after 1773. The much-publicized role of Boston as the first martyr of American liberty did not lead to the colonial response that the town sought. Boston wanted the immediate action of a trade boycott. It obtained instead the potential support of a Congress. Benjamin Franklin was deluding both himself and his American correspondents by assertions that a colonial trade boycott would produce a change in British government policy.Less
The British legislation of 1774 united an America divided by the Boston Tea Party. The policy it embodied has often been condemned as foolish by historians blessed with the wisdom of hindsight. Such facile criticism overlooks the dilemma that British Prime Minister Lord North's administration could not have ignored such defiance, and yet that any retaliation would be resented. Indeed, the policy was a moderate one, and attacked by many in Britain for that reason. But it would be foolish to attribute American resistance to incitement from Britain, despite the opinions to that effect voiced by colonial officials and British politicians both before and after 1773. The much-publicized role of Boston as the first martyr of American liberty did not lead to the colonial response that the town sought. Boston wanted the immediate action of a trade boycott. It obtained instead the potential support of a Congress. Benjamin Franklin was deluding both himself and his American correspondents by assertions that a colonial trade boycott would produce a change in British government policy.
Ann Fairfax Withington
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195068351
- eISBN:
- 9780199853984
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195068351.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter discusses the gradual processes which gave way to the independence of American colonists from British rule. The chapter looks at the ideology and principles that surrounded the Boston ...
More
This chapter discusses the gradual processes which gave way to the independence of American colonists from British rule. The chapter looks at the ideology and principles that surrounded the Boston Tea Party, an event which signified the resistance of colonists to the political oppression and the economical impositions of exported British products. Compelled by the imposition of the Coercive Acts, the Boston Port Act, and the Administration Justice Act, the colonists incited American resistance which bordered on unanimity and universal participation. American political leaders identified with the people, shunning character and replacing it with personality as shown by the virtues of industry, frugality, and charity. To further the resistance to British oppression, the colonists formed the First Continental Congress which imposed economic regulations and devised moral programs as a way to resist British rule and as a form of political strategy to imply they were prepared to establish a republican government, to define their political position, and to create an identity which precipitated the declaration of American independence.Less
This chapter discusses the gradual processes which gave way to the independence of American colonists from British rule. The chapter looks at the ideology and principles that surrounded the Boston Tea Party, an event which signified the resistance of colonists to the political oppression and the economical impositions of exported British products. Compelled by the imposition of the Coercive Acts, the Boston Port Act, and the Administration Justice Act, the colonists incited American resistance which bordered on unanimity and universal participation. American political leaders identified with the people, shunning character and replacing it with personality as shown by the virtues of industry, frugality, and charity. To further the resistance to British oppression, the colonists formed the First Continental Congress which imposed economic regulations and devised moral programs as a way to resist British rule and as a form of political strategy to imply they were prepared to establish a republican government, to define their political position, and to create an identity which precipitated the declaration of American independence.
Walter W. Powell, Kelley Packalen, and Kjersten Whittington
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691148670
- eISBN:
- 9781400845552
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691148670.003.0014
- Subject:
- Sociology, Economic Sociology
This chapter examines eleven regions in the United States in the 1980s and 1990s that were all rich in resources—ideas, money, and skills—which might have led to the formation of life sciences ...
More
This chapter examines eleven regions in the United States in the 1980s and 1990s that were all rich in resources—ideas, money, and skills—which might have led to the formation of life sciences clusters. Yet only three of the regions—the San Francisco Bay Area, Boston, and San Diego—developed into robust industrial districts for biotechnology. Most research on the emergence of high-tech cluster samples on successful cases and traces backward to find a developmental pattern. In contrast, rather than read in reverse from a positive outcome, the chapter builds networks forward from their early origins, revealing three crucial factors: organizational diversity, anchor tenant organizations that protect the norms of a community and provide relational glue across multiple affiliations, and a sequence of network formation that starts with local connections and subsequently expands to global linkages.Less
This chapter examines eleven regions in the United States in the 1980s and 1990s that were all rich in resources—ideas, money, and skills—which might have led to the formation of life sciences clusters. Yet only three of the regions—the San Francisco Bay Area, Boston, and San Diego—developed into robust industrial districts for biotechnology. Most research on the emergence of high-tech cluster samples on successful cases and traces backward to find a developmental pattern. In contrast, rather than read in reverse from a positive outcome, the chapter builds networks forward from their early origins, revealing three crucial factors: organizational diversity, anchor tenant organizations that protect the norms of a community and provide relational glue across multiple affiliations, and a sequence of network formation that starts with local connections and subsequently expands to global linkages.
Lee Fleming, Lyra Colfer, Alexandra Marin, and Jonathan McPhie
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691148670
- eISBN:
- 9781400845552
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691148670.003.0017
- Subject:
- Sociology, Economic Sociology
This chapter shows the early emergence of Silicon Valley and Boston. Much has been made of the cultural differences between Silicon Valley in the Bay Area and Boston's Route 128. The chapter digs ...
More
This chapter shows the early emergence of Silicon Valley and Boston. Much has been made of the cultural differences between Silicon Valley in the Bay Area and Boston's Route 128. The chapter digs beneath this surface portrait, discerning which organizations are most generative. It looks at the structural differences between two leading technology hubs. Using patent data that capture inventor networks, the chapter highlights the importance of careers. It also reveals much greater information flow and career mobility across organizations and industries in the Valley than in Boston. This movement of people and ideas was spurred by the critical intermediary roles of certain institutions which functioned like the anchor tenants that were the pollinators in the biotechnology clusters in Chapter 14. The chapter thus argues that this anchoring of diversity is central to the formation of technology clusters.Less
This chapter shows the early emergence of Silicon Valley and Boston. Much has been made of the cultural differences between Silicon Valley in the Bay Area and Boston's Route 128. The chapter digs beneath this surface portrait, discerning which organizations are most generative. It looks at the structural differences between two leading technology hubs. Using patent data that capture inventor networks, the chapter highlights the importance of careers. It also reveals much greater information flow and career mobility across organizations and industries in the Valley than in Boston. This movement of people and ideas was spurred by the critical intermediary roles of certain institutions which functioned like the anchor tenants that were the pollinators in the biotechnology clusters in Chapter 14. The chapter thus argues that this anchoring of diversity is central to the formation of technology clusters.
