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Maps

Peter Krentz

in Xenophon: Hellenika II.3.11 - IV.2.8

This chapter includes the maps cited in the second part of Xenophon's Hellenika. The Peiraieus map shows the Hippodamian Agora, the conjectured road to the sanctuary of Bendis and the Dionysiastai, ... More

This chapter includes the maps cited in the second part of Xenophon's Hellenika. The Peiraieus map shows the Hippodamian Agora, the conjectured road to the sanctuary of Bendis and the Dionysiastai, Metroon, Roman Forum, Tomb of Themistokles, Arsenal of Philon, Zea Theatre, Phreattys, and Serangeion. It also describes the map of the New Bouleuterion and the Persian presence in Western Asia Minor. The map of Triphylia shows the Gulf of Kyparissia and the map of Sardis Campaign indicates Mt. Olympus, Mt. Sipylus, and Mt. Messogis. The chapter illustrates the map of Lokris, Phokis and Boeotia, which shows the Eastern and Western Lochris and Phocis.Less

Introduction: Origins

Hester Lees-Jeffries

in England's Helicon: Fountains in Early Modern Literature and Culture

This chapter discusses the origins of this book. The book takes its title from the hill of the Muses in ancient Boeotia and the spring located there, and also from an anthology of English poetry — ... More

This chapter discusses the origins of this book. The book takes its title from the hill of the Muses in ancient Boeotia and the spring located there, and also from an anthology of English poetry — the first of such — which appeared in 1600. The date and patriotic sentiment of the latter seems fitting, as does its intention of assembling a new whole out of apparently disparate fragments. The book is not a simple motif study of fountains in English Renaissance literature: it is, rather, an investigation of how literary fountains both inform and are informed by real fountains in early modern literature and culture and, more, what sort of modus legendi might be (re)formulated that would take account of the interpenetrations and elisions of the textual, visual, material, and experiential in early modern England. While its focus remains the literature of the late 16th century, this book recognizes that intertextuality and influence can be material as well as literary.Less

Survey Archaeology and the Rural Landscape of the Greek City

Anthony Snodgrass

in Archaeology and the Emergence of Greece

The revelation that, in Boeotia and certain other areas of Aegean Greece, the classical Greek countryside was covered by a network of small but closely-spaced activity areas was clearly apparent by ... More

The revelation that, in Boeotia and certain other areas of Aegean Greece, the classical Greek countryside was covered by a network of small but closely-spaced activity areas was clearly apparent by 1990. A degree of support for this basic finding is claimed from many other survey projects in Greece; but for the interpretation of the finding, that the ‘activity areas’ are in fact the remnants of isolated farmsteads, occupied at least seasonally by agriculturalists, a much more dramatic confirmation came a few years later, with the publication of Hans Lohmann's work in a different part of Greece, southeastern Attica. Archaeological survey, pioneered in very different conditions and for very different purposes elsewhere, has come to fill a specific need in Mediterranean archaeology. It is uniquely adapted to cope with the long-standing void of relative ignorance in our understanding of the rural landscape of the ancient Greek city. There was a common practice of locating very intensive in-field cultivation, of the nature of gardening more often than agriculture, in the immediate vicinity of a Greek town or farm.Less

Rural Burial in the World of Cities

Anthony Snodgrass

in Archaeology and the Emergence of Greece

This chapter explores rural burial in ancient Greek cities. It considers a finding that arose from an intensive survey in western Boeotia: that there were small isolated burial sites, sporadically ... More

This chapter explores rural burial in ancient Greek cities. It considers a finding that arose from an intensive survey in western Boeotia: that there were small isolated burial sites, sporadically interspersed with the ‘activity areas’ of the same rural landscape, and presumably accommodating members of families of landowners. An irrefutable parallel had again emerged from Hans Lohmann's discoveries in Attica, where family burial plots with the remains of built funerary monuments were found in the vicinity of several farm sites. The chapter examines three especially interesting pieces of testimony: the first concerns an early fifth-century inscription from Gortyn in Crete, the second deals with a private speech usually attributed to Demosthenes, and the third refers to an inscription of the third century BC from Gonnoi in Thessaly. Rural burial is, at the least, another of the surprises that the systematic examination of the rural landscape has brought to the understanding of the history of ancient Greece.Less

The First Thirty-Six Years of the Boeotia Project, Central Greece

John Bintliff

in The Archaeology of Greece and Rome: Studies in Honour of Anthony Snodgrass

A description by one of Anthony’s collaborators of the progress and achievements of archaeological survey work in Boeotia.

The Rise and Fall of the Boeotians: Polybius 20. 4–7 as a Literary Topos

Christel Müller

in Polybius and his World: Essays in Memory of F.W. Walbank

Polybius' account of the history of decadence in Boeotia in Book 20 has often been taken at face value, but should, however, be seen as a literary construct, likely to have been added to the ... More

Polybius' account of the history of decadence in Boeotia in Book 20 has often been taken at face value, but should, however, be seen as a literary construct, likely to have been added to the narrative of the 190s after 146 BC, and with little relation to any tangible reality. Polybius' treatment, moreover, casts the pro-Macedonian tendencies of the Thebans as a reflection of Medism in the fifth century, while the greed and rusticity ascribed to Thebes draws on the tradition of Pindar's 'Boeotian pig'. Boeotia's decadence moreover can be seen in the light of wider trajectories of moral decline within Polybius' narrative, including that of Rome. The digression on Boeotian failings is an important reminder of the need to consider all possible intertextualities, not merely those that link Polybius with earlier historians who were his sources.Less

The Jews of Greece to World War I

in The Agony of Greek Jews, 1940-1945

The Jews of Greece suffered from 1943 to 1945 and during the subsequent decade, and continue to adjust to that experience until today. Although the physical attack on Greek Jewry began in 1941 with ... More

The Jews of Greece suffered from 1943 to 1945 and during the subsequent decade, and continue to adjust to that experience until today. Although the physical attack on Greek Jewry began in 1941 with the arrival of the Nazis, the vicissitudes of World War II were predated by an economic, social, and political assault. The experiences of Greek Jews during the Holocaust may be understood in the context of their varied encounters with the modern Greek state. On the eve of World War II, Greek Jews were divided into three areas, each with its own layer of polyglot culture and historical experience: the South, comprising the Peloponnese, Attica, and Boeotia of ancient times; the West, consisting of Epirus and Akarnania; and the North, which included Thrace and Macedonia stretching southward into Central Greece. This chapter examines the conditions of the Jews of Greece until World War I, and their military contributions to Greece during the First and Second Balkan Wars.Less

Plutarch’s Chaeronea

Ewen Bowie

in Plutarch's Cities

Chapter 1 looks at (a) Plutarch’s involvement in local politics and his posthumous reception as the most eminent citizen of Chaeronea of all times; (b) Plutarch’s reconstruction of the political and ... More

Chapter 1 looks at (a) Plutarch’s involvement in local politics and his posthumous reception as the most eminent citizen of Chaeronea of all times; (b) Plutarch’s reconstruction of the political and military history of Chaeronea from its foundation down to the Roman civil wars, arguing that the sparing display of his local historical and topographical knowledge is due to concern for his non-Boeotian audiences; (c) his representation of elite life in Chaeronea, focusing on local cults and on the settings of the Sympotic Questions and arguing for a systematic patterning of their locations: Chaeronea is repeatedly juxtaposed with much grander cities—Delphi, Corinth, and Rome as well as Athens. The discussion brings out the sharp contrast between Chaeronea’s historical fame as the location of major battles and its cultural significance in Plutarch’s time thanks to his literary elevation of his small city as a centre of Greek paideia.Less

King of the Macedonians

Pat Wheatley and Charlotte Dunn

in Demetrius the Besieger

Following the regicide of Alexander, Demetrius Poliorcetes was accepted as the new king of Macedonia. This chapter discusses the political background which led to Demetrius’ claim being ratified. ... More

Following the regicide of Alexander, Demetrius Poliorcetes was accepted as the new king of Macedonia. This chapter discusses the political background which led to Demetrius’ claim being ratified. Although the Macedonians readily acclaimed him, it was not entirely a smooth transition of power, and Demetrius was forced to focus his attention on the consolidation of his new territory. The unrest and political situation gave rise to revolts in Boeotia. During these years, Demetrius made time for another marriage alliance with Lanassa, Agathocles of Syracuse’s daughter and the former wife of Pyrrhus of Epirus, which brought further valuable territories into his possession.Less