Donald W. Shriver, Jr.
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195151534
- eISBN:
- 9780199785056
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195151534.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Americans live in a culture resistant to much talk about the evils in their past; they prefer to think about the future. But like the descendants of victims of evil in Germany and South Africa, some ...
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Americans live in a culture resistant to much talk about the evils in their past; they prefer to think about the future. But like the descendants of victims of evil in Germany and South Africa, some living Americans are not about to forget the evil past. Prominent among them are African Americans. This chapter explores the stubborn persistence of racism in America, the work of a growing number of citizens to remember the pains of racism past and present, and to express that memory in public ways. Local illustrations of public repentance include Richmond, Virginia; Rosewood, Florida; Tulsa, Oklahoma; Salem, Oregon; and Selma, Alabama. After a “tour” of high school history books of 1960-2000, the chapter ends with some summary answers to the question, “Can the past be repaired?” as well as arguments for and against reparations for slavery.Less
Americans live in a culture resistant to much talk about the evils in their past; they prefer to think about the future. But like the descendants of victims of evil in Germany and South Africa, some living Americans are not about to forget the evil past. Prominent among them are African Americans. This chapter explores the stubborn persistence of racism in America, the work of a growing number of citizens to remember the pains of racism past and present, and to express that memory in public ways. Local illustrations of public repentance include Richmond, Virginia; Rosewood, Florida; Tulsa, Oklahoma; Salem, Oregon; and Selma, Alabama. After a “tour” of high school history books of 1960-2000, the chapter ends with some summary answers to the question, “Can the past be repaired?” as well as arguments for and against reparations for slavery.
Zain Abdullah
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195314250
- eISBN:
- 9780199871797
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195314250.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
For more than twenty years, West African Muslims from the Muridiyya order, a Sufi brotherhood based in Senegal, have organized the annual Cheikh Amadou Bamba Day parade in New York City. It is a ...
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For more than twenty years, West African Muslims from the Muridiyya order, a Sufi brotherhood based in Senegal, have organized the annual Cheikh Amadou Bamba Day parade in New York City. It is a religious procession that allows them to redefine their African identities, cope with the stigma of Blackness, and counteract accusations of Islamic terrorism. But the march is not merely an event for members, because its banners often challenge common notions of Black history, and African American paraders follow a slightly different course. This chapter explores the way Murids, followers of Muridiyya, and other West African Muslims such as the Malinke and the Fulani create religious activities, networks, stores, and institutions that transform Harlem into a sacred city. It is a sacred space, however, that includes the long-standing Nation of Islam and other African American Muslim orientations.Less
For more than twenty years, West African Muslims from the Muridiyya order, a Sufi brotherhood based in Senegal, have organized the annual Cheikh Amadou Bamba Day parade in New York City. It is a religious procession that allows them to redefine their African identities, cope with the stigma of Blackness, and counteract accusations of Islamic terrorism. But the march is not merely an event for members, because its banners often challenge common notions of Black history, and African American paraders follow a slightly different course. This chapter explores the way Murids, followers of Muridiyya, and other West African Muslims such as the Malinke and the Fulani create religious activities, networks, stores, and institutions that transform Harlem into a sacred city. It is a sacred space, however, that includes the long-standing Nation of Islam and other African American Muslim orientations.
Burnis R. Morris
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781496814074
- eISBN:
- 9781496814111
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496814074.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Historian Carter G. Woodson’s employment of the black press and modern public-relations techniques to preserve and popularize black history during the first half of the 20th century is rediscovered ...
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Historian Carter G. Woodson’s employment of the black press and modern public-relations techniques to preserve and popularize black history during the first half of the 20th century is rediscovered and examined in this study. This rarely explored side of Woodson, often called “The Father of Black History,” resurrects the lost image of a leading cultural icon who used his celebrity in multiple roles as an opinion journalist, newsmaker, and CEO/publicist of black history to bring veneration to a subject whose past was clouded by misinformation and contempt. During his era, 1915-1950, Woodson cultivated and won crucial press support for his Black History Movement, while merging his interests and the interests of the black newspapers. His cause became their cause.Less
Historian Carter G. Woodson’s employment of the black press and modern public-relations techniques to preserve and popularize black history during the first half of the 20th century is rediscovered and examined in this study. This rarely explored side of Woodson, often called “The Father of Black History,” resurrects the lost image of a leading cultural icon who used his celebrity in multiple roles as an opinion journalist, newsmaker, and CEO/publicist of black history to bring veneration to a subject whose past was clouded by misinformation and contempt. During his era, 1915-1950, Woodson cultivated and won crucial press support for his Black History Movement, while merging his interests and the interests of the black newspapers. His cause became their cause.
Elizabeth Todd-Breland
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781469646589
- eISBN:
- 9781469647173
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469646589.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
In 2012, Chicago’s school year began with the city’s first teachers’ strike in a quarter century and ended with the largest mass closure of public schools in recent U.S. history. On one side, a union ...
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In 2012, Chicago’s school year began with the city’s first teachers’ strike in a quarter century and ended with the largest mass closure of public schools in recent U.S. history. On one side, a union leader and veteran Black woman educator drew upon organizing strategies from Black and Latinx communities to demand increased school resources. On the other side, the mayor, backed by the Obama administration, argued that only corporate-style education reform could set the struggling school system aright. The stark differences in positions resonated nationally, challenging the long-standing alliance between teachers’ unions and the Democratic Party. This book recovers the hidden history underlying this battle. It tells the story of Black education reformers’ community-based strategies to improve education beginning during the 1960s, as support for desegregation transformed into community control, experimental schooling models that pre-dated charter schools, and black teachers’ challenges to a newly assertive teachers’ union. This book reveals how these strategies collided with the corporate reorganization of the public sphere during the late twentieth century, laying bare ruptures and enduring tensions between the politics of Black achievement, urban inequality, and U.S. democracy.Less
In 2012, Chicago’s school year began with the city’s first teachers’ strike in a quarter century and ended with the largest mass closure of public schools in recent U.S. history. On one side, a union leader and veteran Black woman educator drew upon organizing strategies from Black and Latinx communities to demand increased school resources. On the other side, the mayor, backed by the Obama administration, argued that only corporate-style education reform could set the struggling school system aright. The stark differences in positions resonated nationally, challenging the long-standing alliance between teachers’ unions and the Democratic Party. This book recovers the hidden history underlying this battle. It tells the story of Black education reformers’ community-based strategies to improve education beginning during the 1960s, as support for desegregation transformed into community control, experimental schooling models that pre-dated charter schools, and black teachers’ challenges to a newly assertive teachers’ union. This book reveals how these strategies collided with the corporate reorganization of the public sphere during the late twentieth century, laying bare ruptures and enduring tensions between the politics of Black achievement, urban inequality, and U.S. democracy.
Burnis R. Morris
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781496814074
- eISBN:
- 9781496814111
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496814074.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Woodson was not the first black historian, but his research and advocacy were transformational in bringing about recognition of black history and including it within the American way of life. After ...
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Woodson was not the first black historian, but his research and advocacy were transformational in bringing about recognition of black history and including it within the American way of life. After his death, knowledge of Woodson’s partnership with the press was lost, but black history became so popular (and commercial) that the week he founded to commemorate black contributions in history now takes a month. Mainstream media have taken ownership of Black History Week/Black History Month, amid claims it has been commercialized.Less
Woodson was not the first black historian, but his research and advocacy were transformational in bringing about recognition of black history and including it within the American way of life. After his death, knowledge of Woodson’s partnership with the press was lost, but black history became so popular (and commercial) that the week he founded to commemorate black contributions in history now takes a month. Mainstream media have taken ownership of Black History Week/Black History Month, amid claims it has been commercialized.
Burnis R. Morris
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781496814074
- eISBN:
- 9781496814111
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496814074.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter connects newspaper history and Woodson's partnership with the black press, including his merger of the Black History Movement with interests of the black newspapers. They were suitable ...
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This chapter connects newspaper history and Woodson's partnership with the black press, including his merger of the Black History Movement with interests of the black newspapers. They were suitable allies during the period of this study, 1915 to 1950, because of their support for education, civil rights and other issues and the impact of the Great Migration of blacks to urban areas. The migration, especially in northern cities, increased the size of black newspaper markets and made them a mass medium.Less
This chapter connects newspaper history and Woodson's partnership with the black press, including his merger of the Black History Movement with interests of the black newspapers. They were suitable allies during the period of this study, 1915 to 1950, because of their support for education, civil rights and other issues and the impact of the Great Migration of blacks to urban areas. The migration, especially in northern cities, increased the size of black newspaper markets and made them a mass medium.
Artel Great
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781496807045
- eISBN:
- 9781496807083
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496807045.003.0008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
Continuing a television studies analysis of Perry, Artel Great argues in Chapter Eight that from both a critical and an industrial perspective, the sitcom Tyler Perry’s House of Payne(TBS, 2006-2012) ...
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Continuing a television studies analysis of Perry, Artel Great argues in Chapter Eight that from both a critical and an industrial perspective, the sitcom Tyler Perry’s House of Payne(TBS, 2006-2012) represents acomplex but no less problematic contribution to the history of Black televisual authorship. Precisely because there has been a pronounced dearth of Black representation on television, Great demonstrates that the politics of thirst best characterize how Black audiences engage the few existing images of televisual blackness. Despite several unprecedented industrial achievements (such as surpassing The Jeffersons[CBS, 1975-1985] as the longest running Black sitcom), when considered within the context of the history and formal structure of the Black sitcom, House of Payne digresses as itrejuvenates the narrative conventions and visual cues of uncritical Black minstrelsy. Rife with missed opportunities for teaching complex lessons about Black subjectivity, esteem, and interiority, Perry’s sitcom succeeded, then, mostly because of the continued omission of blackness on television.Less
Continuing a television studies analysis of Perry, Artel Great argues in Chapter Eight that from both a critical and an industrial perspective, the sitcom Tyler Perry’s House of Payne(TBS, 2006-2012) represents acomplex but no less problematic contribution to the history of Black televisual authorship. Precisely because there has been a pronounced dearth of Black representation on television, Great demonstrates that the politics of thirst best characterize how Black audiences engage the few existing images of televisual blackness. Despite several unprecedented industrial achievements (such as surpassing The Jeffersons[CBS, 1975-1985] as the longest running Black sitcom), when considered within the context of the history and formal structure of the Black sitcom, House of Payne digresses as itrejuvenates the narrative conventions and visual cues of uncritical Black minstrelsy. Rife with missed opportunities for teaching complex lessons about Black subjectivity, esteem, and interiority, Perry’s sitcom succeeded, then, mostly because of the continued omission of blackness on television.
Imani Perry
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781469638607
- eISBN:
- 9781469638621
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469638607.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
This chapter covers the revival of “Lift Every Voice and Sing” within the context of the rise of the Black Power movement and the attendant institutional life. It reads Black Power in terms of both ...
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This chapter covers the revival of “Lift Every Voice and Sing” within the context of the rise of the Black Power movement and the attendant institutional life. It reads Black Power in terms of both the failed promises of civil rights, and the idea of return and recovery of Black traditions.Less
This chapter covers the revival of “Lift Every Voice and Sing” within the context of the rise of the Black Power movement and the attendant institutional life. It reads Black Power in terms of both the failed promises of civil rights, and the idea of return and recovery of Black traditions.
David Goldberg
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781469633626
- eISBN:
- 9781469633633
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469633626.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
For many African Americans, getting a public sector job has historically been one of the few paths to the financial stability of the middle class, and in New York City, few such jobs were as ...
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For many African Americans, getting a public sector job has historically been one of the few paths to the financial stability of the middle class, and in New York City, few such jobs were as sought-after as positions in the fire department (FDNY). For over a century, generations of Black New Yorkers have fought to gain access to and equal opportunity within the FDNY. Tracing this struggle for jobs and justice from 1898 to the present, David Goldberg details the ways each generation of firefighters confronted overt and institutionalized racism. An important chapter in the histories of both Black social movements and independent workplace organizing, this book demonstrates how Black firefighters in New York helped to create affirmative action from the “bottom up,” while simultaneously revealing how white resistance to these efforts shaped white working-class conservatism and myths of American meritocracy. Full of colorful characters and rousing stories drawn from oral histories, discrimination suits, and the archives of the Vulcan Society (the fraternal society of Black firefighters in New York), this book sheds new light on the impact of Black firefighters in the fight for civil rights.Less
For many African Americans, getting a public sector job has historically been one of the few paths to the financial stability of the middle class, and in New York City, few such jobs were as sought-after as positions in the fire department (FDNY). For over a century, generations of Black New Yorkers have fought to gain access to and equal opportunity within the FDNY. Tracing this struggle for jobs and justice from 1898 to the present, David Goldberg details the ways each generation of firefighters confronted overt and institutionalized racism. An important chapter in the histories of both Black social movements and independent workplace organizing, this book demonstrates how Black firefighters in New York helped to create affirmative action from the “bottom up,” while simultaneously revealing how white resistance to these efforts shaped white working-class conservatism and myths of American meritocracy. Full of colorful characters and rousing stories drawn from oral histories, discrimination suits, and the archives of the Vulcan Society (the fraternal society of Black firefighters in New York), this book sheds new light on the impact of Black firefighters in the fight for civil rights.
Kendahl Radcliffe, Jennifer Scott, and Anja Werner (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781628461558
- eISBN:
- 9781626740839
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781628461558.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
Anywhere But Here: Black Intellectuals, The Atlantic World and Beyond brings together new scholarship on the cross-cultural experiences of intellectuals of African descent since the 18th century. The ...
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Anywhere But Here: Black Intellectuals, The Atlantic World and Beyond brings together new scholarship on the cross-cultural experiences of intellectuals of African descent since the 18th century. The intent of this book is not to dismantle Paul Gilroy’s thesis but to embrace it and venture “beyond” the traditional organization and symbolism of the “Black Atlantic.” This collection of essays is not organized geographically or historically by era; instead, contributions are arranged into three sections which highlight the motivations and characteristics that connect a certain set of “agents,” thinkers, and intellectuals: 1) Re-ordering Worldviews: Rebellious Thinkers, Poets, Writers, and Political Architects; 2) Crafting Connections: Strategic and Ideological Alliances; 3) Cultural Mastery in Foreign Spaces: Evolving Visions of Home and Identity. These essays are intentionally organized to expand categories and to suggest patterns at play that have united individuals and communities across the African Diaspora. They highlight the self-determined stories of individuals, who from their intercultural, and often marginalized, positioning, challenged the status quo, created strategic (and at times, unexpected) international alliances, cultivated expertise and cultural competency abroad in places that were unfamiliar to them, as well as, crafted physical and intellectual spaces for their self-expression and dignity to thrive. What, for example, connects the 18th century Igbo author, Olaudah Equiano with 1940s literary figure, Richard Wright; 19th century expatriate anthropologist, Antenor Fermin with 1960s Haitian émigrés to the Congo; Japanese Pan-Asianists and Southern Hemisphere Aboriginal activists with Jamaican-born, Marcus Garvey; or Angela Davis with artists of the British Black Arts Movement Ingrid Pollard and Zarina Bhimji? They are all part of a mapping that reaches across and beyond geographical, historical, and ideological boundaries typically associated with the “Black Atlantic.” They reflect accounts of individuals and communities that are equally united in their will to seek out better realities, often, as the title suggests, “anywhere but here.”Less
Anywhere But Here: Black Intellectuals, The Atlantic World and Beyond brings together new scholarship on the cross-cultural experiences of intellectuals of African descent since the 18th century. The intent of this book is not to dismantle Paul Gilroy’s thesis but to embrace it and venture “beyond” the traditional organization and symbolism of the “Black Atlantic.” This collection of essays is not organized geographically or historically by era; instead, contributions are arranged into three sections which highlight the motivations and characteristics that connect a certain set of “agents,” thinkers, and intellectuals: 1) Re-ordering Worldviews: Rebellious Thinkers, Poets, Writers, and Political Architects; 2) Crafting Connections: Strategic and Ideological Alliances; 3) Cultural Mastery in Foreign Spaces: Evolving Visions of Home and Identity. These essays are intentionally organized to expand categories and to suggest patterns at play that have united individuals and communities across the African Diaspora. They highlight the self-determined stories of individuals, who from their intercultural, and often marginalized, positioning, challenged the status quo, created strategic (and at times, unexpected) international alliances, cultivated expertise and cultural competency abroad in places that were unfamiliar to them, as well as, crafted physical and intellectual spaces for their self-expression and dignity to thrive. What, for example, connects the 18th century Igbo author, Olaudah Equiano with 1940s literary figure, Richard Wright; 19th century expatriate anthropologist, Antenor Fermin with 1960s Haitian émigrés to the Congo; Japanese Pan-Asianists and Southern Hemisphere Aboriginal activists with Jamaican-born, Marcus Garvey; or Angela Davis with artists of the British Black Arts Movement Ingrid Pollard and Zarina Bhimji? They are all part of a mapping that reaches across and beyond geographical, historical, and ideological boundaries typically associated with the “Black Atlantic.” They reflect accounts of individuals and communities that are equally united in their will to seek out better realities, often, as the title suggests, “anywhere but here.”
Kevin Myers
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719084805
- eISBN:
- 9781781708774
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719084805.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Social History
The emergence of multicultural Britain was one of the most profound transformations of 20th century society. This book provides both a description and an analysis of that change. It argues that ...
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The emergence of multicultural Britain was one of the most profound transformations of 20th century society. This book provides both a description and an analysis of that change. It argues that immigrants from Africa, the Caribbean and Ireland, despite deep and historic connections to Britain, were widely represented as ‘alien others’ and understood to threaten an exclusive national culture that was guaranteed by history. This was a highly selective version of the national past but it encouraged the idea that post-war immigrants had created a new ‘race problem’ that required management and intervention. The science and practice of race relations was one influential response. Despite some serious shortcomings that are examined in detail, race relations work helped to provide a space and a language in which immigrant groups responded to their rejection from the national community. In supplementary schools, language classes, in the rise of Black Studies and in a wide variety of cultural and educational projects immigrant groups explored their histories. Historical education was central to all these activities. History, and memory, helped to define the ethnic identities of multicultural Britain and provided the resources with which it became possible to imagine and discuss a future postcolonial Britain. Yet, as these narratives were mainstreamed, and as they became a central element in the municipal multiculturalism of the 1980s, they also became increasingly instrumental and descriptive. Celebratory stories of ethnic heritage, characterised by conceptual confusion and divorced from any adequate understanding of historical processes, began to replace the more critical narratives, and the historical consciousness, once championed by scholar activists.Less
The emergence of multicultural Britain was one of the most profound transformations of 20th century society. This book provides both a description and an analysis of that change. It argues that immigrants from Africa, the Caribbean and Ireland, despite deep and historic connections to Britain, were widely represented as ‘alien others’ and understood to threaten an exclusive national culture that was guaranteed by history. This was a highly selective version of the national past but it encouraged the idea that post-war immigrants had created a new ‘race problem’ that required management and intervention. The science and practice of race relations was one influential response. Despite some serious shortcomings that are examined in detail, race relations work helped to provide a space and a language in which immigrant groups responded to their rejection from the national community. In supplementary schools, language classes, in the rise of Black Studies and in a wide variety of cultural and educational projects immigrant groups explored their histories. Historical education was central to all these activities. History, and memory, helped to define the ethnic identities of multicultural Britain and provided the resources with which it became possible to imagine and discuss a future postcolonial Britain. Yet, as these narratives were mainstreamed, and as they became a central element in the municipal multiculturalism of the 1980s, they also became increasingly instrumental and descriptive. Celebratory stories of ethnic heritage, characterised by conceptual confusion and divorced from any adequate understanding of historical processes, began to replace the more critical narratives, and the historical consciousness, once championed by scholar activists.
Monica M. White
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781469643694
- eISBN:
- 9781469643717
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469643694.003.0050
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
Much of the scholarship on the work and legacy of activist Fannie Lou Hamer concentrates on her tireless efforts for civil/human rights and African American representation and access to electoral ...
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Much of the scholarship on the work and legacy of activist Fannie Lou Hamer concentrates on her tireless efforts for civil/human rights and African American representation and access to electoral politics. This chapter brings to light an important project she started in 1969, Freedom Farms Cooperative in Sunflower County, MS. An agricultural cooperative built on 680-acres, Freedom Farm included a pig bank, Head Start program, community gardens, commercial kitchen, a garment factory, sewing cooperative, tool bank, and low-income, affordable housing as strategies to support the needs of African Americans who were fired and evicted for exercising the right to vote. Freedom Farm offered these sharecroppers and tenant farmers educational and re-training opportunities including health care and disaster relief for those who wanted to stay in the Mississippi Delta. Using a historical method to analyze extensive archival records, this chapter offers an analysis of Freedom Farm and illuminates valuable lessons on agriculture as resistance, and alternative strategies of rebuilding and investing in sustainable com- munities. Using the principles of collective and shared ownership, Freedom Farm and the work of Ms. Hamer, offer us important and valuable lessons on rebuilding our communities and investing in sustainable cities around food production.Less
Much of the scholarship on the work and legacy of activist Fannie Lou Hamer concentrates on her tireless efforts for civil/human rights and African American representation and access to electoral politics. This chapter brings to light an important project she started in 1969, Freedom Farms Cooperative in Sunflower County, MS. An agricultural cooperative built on 680-acres, Freedom Farm included a pig bank, Head Start program, community gardens, commercial kitchen, a garment factory, sewing cooperative, tool bank, and low-income, affordable housing as strategies to support the needs of African Americans who were fired and evicted for exercising the right to vote. Freedom Farm offered these sharecroppers and tenant farmers educational and re-training opportunities including health care and disaster relief for those who wanted to stay in the Mississippi Delta. Using a historical method to analyze extensive archival records, this chapter offers an analysis of Freedom Farm and illuminates valuable lessons on agriculture as resistance, and alternative strategies of rebuilding and investing in sustainable com- munities. Using the principles of collective and shared ownership, Freedom Farm and the work of Ms. Hamer, offer us important and valuable lessons on rebuilding our communities and investing in sustainable cities around food production.
Clarence Taylor
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231152693
- eISBN:
- 9780231526487
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231152693.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter focuses on the New York City Teachers Union's (TU) campaigns to eliminate racist and bigoted textbooks from classrooms, hire more black teachers, and promote Black History Month. By the ...
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This chapter focuses on the New York City Teachers Union's (TU) campaigns to eliminate racist and bigoted textbooks from classrooms, hire more black teachers, and promote Black History Month. By the end of 1950 the TU was in the worst position in its forty-four-year history. Because of the Timone Resolution, it could no longer operate as a collective bargaining agency for New York City public school teachers; it could not represent faculty in grievances or hold meetings in the public school buildings. Moreover, the New York City Board of Education's purge of TU members was ongoing. Despite its inability to represent teachers officially, the TU did not fold in 1950. Its story after 1950 throws into question the argument that popular front unionism in New York City was eradicated during the civil rights struggles of the cold war period. This chapter examines how the TU remade itself into a leading voice in New York City's civil rights movement by challenging the New York City Board of Education's discriminatory policies.Less
This chapter focuses on the New York City Teachers Union's (TU) campaigns to eliminate racist and bigoted textbooks from classrooms, hire more black teachers, and promote Black History Month. By the end of 1950 the TU was in the worst position in its forty-four-year history. Because of the Timone Resolution, it could no longer operate as a collective bargaining agency for New York City public school teachers; it could not represent faculty in grievances or hold meetings in the public school buildings. Moreover, the New York City Board of Education's purge of TU members was ongoing. Despite its inability to represent teachers officially, the TU did not fold in 1950. Its story after 1950 throws into question the argument that popular front unionism in New York City was eradicated during the civil rights struggles of the cold war period. This chapter examines how the TU remade itself into a leading voice in New York City's civil rights movement by challenging the New York City Board of Education's discriminatory policies.
Robin Bunce
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781526106438
- eISBN:
- 9781526120939
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526106438.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
The Race Today Collective occupied a unique position on the British left during the 1980s. Inspired by the example of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, the thought of radicals such as ...
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The Race Today Collective occupied a unique position on the British left during the 1980s. Inspired by the example of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, the thought of radicals such as CLR James and Walter Rodney, and drawing activists from radical organisations such as the Black Panthers and the Black Unity and Freedom Party, the Race Today Collective became the most influential black rights group in Britain in the 1980s. Centred around a magazine, Darcus Howe and the Collective organised some of the most important grassroots campaigns of the decade, bringing black power to housing, industry, policing and the arts. This chapter considers the group’s emergence in the 1970s, the intellectual foundations on which the Collective was built, its distinctive approach to campaigning, its relationship to various ‘white left’ groups, and the different aspects of its work during the 1980s.Less
The Race Today Collective occupied a unique position on the British left during the 1980s. Inspired by the example of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, the thought of radicals such as CLR James and Walter Rodney, and drawing activists from radical organisations such as the Black Panthers and the Black Unity and Freedom Party, the Race Today Collective became the most influential black rights group in Britain in the 1980s. Centred around a magazine, Darcus Howe and the Collective organised some of the most important grassroots campaigns of the decade, bringing black power to housing, industry, policing and the arts. This chapter considers the group’s emergence in the 1970s, the intellectual foundations on which the Collective was built, its distinctive approach to campaigning, its relationship to various ‘white left’ groups, and the different aspects of its work during the 1980s.
David A. Varel
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780226534886
- eISBN:
- 9780226534916
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226534916.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, History of Ideas
The conclusion begins by examining the public honors that Davis received late in his career and after he passed away. Notable among these were his election to membership in the American Academy of ...
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The conclusion begins by examining the public honors that Davis received late in his career and after he passed away. Notable among these were his election to membership in the American Academy of Arts and Sciences as the first scholar from the field of education, and his placement on a stamp by the United States Postal Service for Black History Month in 1994. The public response to Davis revealed the contradictions of a society that could simultaneously become more open racially and yet still fail to address the persistent race and class inequalities that Davis spent his life enumerating. Right up to the very end, in fact, Davis was writing and speaking out. Only a few months before he died, he published Leadership, Love, and Aggression (1983), which included psycho-biographies of Frederick Douglass, W. E. B. Du Bois, Richard Wright, Martin Luther King, Jr. Davis’s work makes clear that the only way to truly honor him is to try to live up to his ideas by working towards a more democratic and egalitarian society. The conclusion ends with a discussion of Davis’s present significance not only for the historiography, but also for understanding the world today.Less
The conclusion begins by examining the public honors that Davis received late in his career and after he passed away. Notable among these were his election to membership in the American Academy of Arts and Sciences as the first scholar from the field of education, and his placement on a stamp by the United States Postal Service for Black History Month in 1994. The public response to Davis revealed the contradictions of a society that could simultaneously become more open racially and yet still fail to address the persistent race and class inequalities that Davis spent his life enumerating. Right up to the very end, in fact, Davis was writing and speaking out. Only a few months before he died, he published Leadership, Love, and Aggression (1983), which included psycho-biographies of Frederick Douglass, W. E. B. Du Bois, Richard Wright, Martin Luther King, Jr. Davis’s work makes clear that the only way to truly honor him is to try to live up to his ideas by working towards a more democratic and egalitarian society. The conclusion ends with a discussion of Davis’s present significance not only for the historiography, but also for understanding the world today.
William D. Green
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816693467
- eISBN:
- 9781452950594
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816693467.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
Spanning the half-century after the Civil War, Degrees of Freedom draws a rare picture of black experience in a northern state and of the nature of black discontent and action within a predominantly ...
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Spanning the half-century after the Civil War, Degrees of Freedom draws a rare picture of black experience in a northern state and of the nature of black discontent and action within a predominantly white, ostensibly progressive society. William D. Green reveals little-known historical characters among the black men and women who moved to Minnesota following the Fifteenth Amendment; worked as farmhands and laborers; built communities (such as Pig’s Eye Landing, later renamed St. Paul), businesses, and a newspaper (the Western Appeal); and embodied the slow but inexorable advancement of race relations in the state over time. Within this absorbing, often surprising, narrative we meet “ordinary” citizens, like former slave and early settler Jim Thompson and black barbers catering to a white clientele, but also personages of national stature, such as Frederick Douglass, Booker T. Washington, and W. E. B. Du Bois, all of whom championed civil rights in Minnesota. And we see how, in a state where racial prejudice and oppression wore a liberal mask, black settlers and entrepreneurs, politicians, and activists maneuvered within a restricted political arena to bring about real and lasting change.Less
Spanning the half-century after the Civil War, Degrees of Freedom draws a rare picture of black experience in a northern state and of the nature of black discontent and action within a predominantly white, ostensibly progressive society. William D. Green reveals little-known historical characters among the black men and women who moved to Minnesota following the Fifteenth Amendment; worked as farmhands and laborers; built communities (such as Pig’s Eye Landing, later renamed St. Paul), businesses, and a newspaper (the Western Appeal); and embodied the slow but inexorable advancement of race relations in the state over time. Within this absorbing, often surprising, narrative we meet “ordinary” citizens, like former slave and early settler Jim Thompson and black barbers catering to a white clientele, but also personages of national stature, such as Frederick Douglass, Booker T. Washington, and W. E. B. Du Bois, all of whom championed civil rights in Minnesota. And we see how, in a state where racial prejudice and oppression wore a liberal mask, black settlers and entrepreneurs, politicians, and activists maneuvered within a restricted political arena to bring about real and lasting change.
Courtney Elizabeth Knapp
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781469637273
- eISBN:
- 9781469637297
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469637273.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter explores the stereotype-defying histories of Black and multi-ethnic placemaking in two historically significant Black neighborhoods: the Big Nine and Lincoln Park. East Ninth/Martin ...
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This chapter explores the stereotype-defying histories of Black and multi-ethnic placemaking in two historically significant Black neighborhoods: the Big Nine and Lincoln Park. East Ninth/Martin Luther King Street (““the Big Nine”“) is a corridor which for more than a century served as a premiere destination for African American commerce, social life, and artistic/creative production. Lincoln Park is one of the oldest and most historically significant Black neighborhoods in Chattanooga, described by many locals as Black community’s ““backyard”.Less
This chapter explores the stereotype-defying histories of Black and multi-ethnic placemaking in two historically significant Black neighborhoods: the Big Nine and Lincoln Park. East Ninth/Martin Luther King Street (““the Big Nine”“) is a corridor which for more than a century served as a premiere destination for African American commerce, social life, and artistic/creative production. Lincoln Park is one of the oldest and most historically significant Black neighborhoods in Chattanooga, described by many locals as Black community’s ““backyard”.
William D. Green
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816693467
- eISBN:
- 9781452950594
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816693467.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
Chapter 3 looks at the celebration of black suffrage rights and the challenge of white patrons to blacks to work hard to be farmers and skilled laborers as a means of becoming bona fide Republicans, ...
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Chapter 3 looks at the celebration of black suffrage rights and the challenge of white patrons to blacks to work hard to be farmers and skilled laborers as a means of becoming bona fide Republicans, paying no heed to the racism that barred blacks from acquiring farms and apprenticeships.Less
Chapter 3 looks at the celebration of black suffrage rights and the challenge of white patrons to blacks to work hard to be farmers and skilled laborers as a means of becoming bona fide Republicans, paying no heed to the racism that barred blacks from acquiring farms and apprenticeships.
William D. Green
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816693467
- eISBN:
- 9781452950594
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816693467.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
Chapter 4 looks at the attempt of black leaders to create an organization to aid blacks in acquiring farms, apprenticeships, and quality education.
Chapter 4 looks at the attempt of black leaders to create an organization to aid blacks in acquiring farms, apprenticeships, and quality education.
William D. Green
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816693467
- eISBN:
- 9781452950594
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816693467.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
Chapter 9 examines how Minnesota’s black political and business elite, in recognizing Washington’s power, embraces Washington’s agenda for Southern black advancement through accommodation while ...
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Chapter 9 examines how Minnesota’s black political and business elite, in recognizing Washington’s power, embraces Washington’s agenda for Southern black advancement through accommodation while seeking to distance themselves from the widespread stereotype of “low class colored folks.” Adams’ Appeal becomes less strident in championing the rights of black Minnesotans.Less
Chapter 9 examines how Minnesota’s black political and business elite, in recognizing Washington’s power, embraces Washington’s agenda for Southern black advancement through accommodation while seeking to distance themselves from the widespread stereotype of “low class colored folks.” Adams’ Appeal becomes less strident in championing the rights of black Minnesotans.
