Michael J. Lannoo
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780226358475
- eISBN:
- 9780226358505
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226358505.001.0001
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Nature
The golden age of field biology in North America lasted from the last half of the nineteenth century until perhaps just after the Second World War. During this time, natural history surveys were ...
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The golden age of field biology in North America lasted from the last half of the nineteenth century until perhaps just after the Second World War. During this time, natural history surveys were organized, museums constructed to house their specimens, and field stations cobbled together to civilize the experience. At this time, many of the finest field biologists in history came out of the U.S. Midwest. They grew up at a time when the Midwest was frontier; when hunting and fishing and trapping were a part of a boy’s life, and to be successful you had to know the habits and habitats of the animals you sought. Today, field biology is enjoying a resurgence due to several factors, including the recognition that ecological relationships are complicated—much more complicated than even our most sophisticated computer-generated statistical/mathematical models can offer. It is now time for field biologists to explore their origins, claim their history, and ask fundamental existential questions such as where did we come from, do we have a cohesive story we can tell, and do we have a legacy? This book offers some answers to these questions. It is a history of field biology in North America and what it meant to the world. It is a bottom-up, field-based, rubber booted history of a life style conducted by some of its most talented early practitioners. The world today is a far better place today than it would have been otherwise, thanks to field biologists and the consequences of their discoveries.Less
The golden age of field biology in North America lasted from the last half of the nineteenth century until perhaps just after the Second World War. During this time, natural history surveys were organized, museums constructed to house their specimens, and field stations cobbled together to civilize the experience. At this time, many of the finest field biologists in history came out of the U.S. Midwest. They grew up at a time when the Midwest was frontier; when hunting and fishing and trapping were a part of a boy’s life, and to be successful you had to know the habits and habitats of the animals you sought. Today, field biology is enjoying a resurgence due to several factors, including the recognition that ecological relationships are complicated—much more complicated than even our most sophisticated computer-generated statistical/mathematical models can offer. It is now time for field biologists to explore their origins, claim their history, and ask fundamental existential questions such as where did we come from, do we have a cohesive story we can tell, and do we have a legacy? This book offers some answers to these questions. It is a history of field biology in North America and what it meant to the world. It is a bottom-up, field-based, rubber booted history of a life style conducted by some of its most talented early practitioners. The world today is a far better place today than it would have been otherwise, thanks to field biologists and the consequences of their discoveries.
Chong Chon-Smith
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781628462050
- eISBN:
- 9781626745292
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781628462050.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
This chapter focuses on the relationship between Asian and Black athletes, global multiculturalism, and capitalism. Ichiro Suzuki and Yao Ming represent in clear ways the figuration of the Asian male ...
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This chapter focuses on the relationship between Asian and Black athletes, global multiculturalism, and capitalism. Ichiro Suzuki and Yao Ming represent in clear ways the figuration of the Asian male body as both cultural phenomena and transnational commodity. This chapter describes the marked turn from the Asian male body as an unattractive representative for marketing commodity exchanges to an imported spectacle reproducing multicultural capitalism in global sport. However, it does not simply offer a conventional study of the political economy involved in the global expansion of popular sports. Rather, it attempts to illustrate how Asian men in U.S. sports presuppose and indeed attempt to produce Asian masculinity through inverting the bodily emasculation of Asian American men. This chapter details the ways in which popular sports have been racialized as a “Black” space of colonial fantasy and fears and how Asian male athletes break down the fixity of biological discourses that hinge upon visual common sense.Less
This chapter focuses on the relationship between Asian and Black athletes, global multiculturalism, and capitalism. Ichiro Suzuki and Yao Ming represent in clear ways the figuration of the Asian male body as both cultural phenomena and transnational commodity. This chapter describes the marked turn from the Asian male body as an unattractive representative for marketing commodity exchanges to an imported spectacle reproducing multicultural capitalism in global sport. However, it does not simply offer a conventional study of the political economy involved in the global expansion of popular sports. Rather, it attempts to illustrate how Asian men in U.S. sports presuppose and indeed attempt to produce Asian masculinity through inverting the bodily emasculation of Asian American men. This chapter details the ways in which popular sports have been racialized as a “Black” space of colonial fantasy and fears and how Asian male athletes break down the fixity of biological discourses that hinge upon visual common sense.
Jay Schulkin
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780231176767
- eISBN:
- 9780231541978
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231176767.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
Sports are as varied as the people who play them. We run, jump, and swim. We kick, hit, and shoot balls. We ride sleds in the snow and surf in the sea. From the Olympians of ancient Greece to today’s ...
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Sports are as varied as the people who play them. We run, jump, and swim. We kick, hit, and shoot balls. We ride sleds in the snow and surf in the sea. From the Olympians of ancient Greece to today’s professional athletes, from adult pickup soccer games to children’s gymnastics classes, people at all levels of ability at all times and in all places have engaged in sport. What drives this phenomenon?
In Sport, the neuroscientist Jay Schulkin argues that biology and culture do more than coexist when we play sports—they blend together seamlessly, propelling each other toward greater physical and intellectual achievement. To support this claim, Schulkin discusses history, literature, and art—and engages philosophical inquiry and recent behavioral research. He connects sport’s basic neural requirements, including spatial and temporal awareness, inference, memory, agency, direction, competitive spirit, and endurance, to the demands of other human activities. He affirms sport’s natural role as a creative evolutionary catalyst, turning the external play of sports inward and bringing insight to the diversion that defines our species. Sport, we learn, is a fundamental part of human life.Less
Sports are as varied as the people who play them. We run, jump, and swim. We kick, hit, and shoot balls. We ride sleds in the snow and surf in the sea. From the Olympians of ancient Greece to today’s professional athletes, from adult pickup soccer games to children’s gymnastics classes, people at all levels of ability at all times and in all places have engaged in sport. What drives this phenomenon?
In Sport, the neuroscientist Jay Schulkin argues that biology and culture do more than coexist when we play sports—they blend together seamlessly, propelling each other toward greater physical and intellectual achievement. To support this claim, Schulkin discusses history, literature, and art—and engages philosophical inquiry and recent behavioral research. He connects sport’s basic neural requirements, including spatial and temporal awareness, inference, memory, agency, direction, competitive spirit, and endurance, to the demands of other human activities. He affirms sport’s natural role as a creative evolutionary catalyst, turning the external play of sports inward and bringing insight to the diversion that defines our species. Sport, we learn, is a fundamental part of human life.
Martin Shubik and Eric Smith
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780262034630
- eISBN:
- 9780262337540
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262034630.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Econometrics
This book is devoted to the study of the guidance, control and coordination problems of an enterprise economy. Our basic approach requires an understanding of the roles of money and financial ...
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This book is devoted to the study of the guidance, control and coordination problems of an enterprise economy. Our basic approach requires an understanding of the roles of money and financial institutions. Our viewpoint differs from most current approaches in stressing together specifically game theory, methods of physics and experimental gaming; together with and more generally a broader evolutionary approach from the biological and other behavioural sciences. Our intended audiences are economists, physicists, experimental gamers, accounting theorists , legal scholars and other behavioural scientists willing to explore beyond their own specialist disciplines. Our biases run primarily to an exposition most congenial to economists, experimental gamers and physicists, but we aim to have all basic concepts understandable regardless of technical background. A mathematically precise unification of Walrasian general equilibrium with macroeconomic dynamics and Schumpeterian innovation is provided utilizing strategic market games.Less
This book is devoted to the study of the guidance, control and coordination problems of an enterprise economy. Our basic approach requires an understanding of the roles of money and financial institutions. Our viewpoint differs from most current approaches in stressing together specifically game theory, methods of physics and experimental gaming; together with and more generally a broader evolutionary approach from the biological and other behavioural sciences. Our intended audiences are economists, physicists, experimental gamers, accounting theorists , legal scholars and other behavioural scientists willing to explore beyond their own specialist disciplines. Our biases run primarily to an exposition most congenial to economists, experimental gamers and physicists, but we aim to have all basic concepts understandable regardless of technical background. A mathematically precise unification of Walrasian general equilibrium with macroeconomic dynamics and Schumpeterian innovation is provided utilizing strategic market games.
Patrick Beauchesne and Sabrina C. Agarwal (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780813056807
- eISBN:
- 9780813053653
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813056807.001.0001
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Archaeological Methodology and Techniques
In recent years, interest in the lives of children in antiquity has flourished, creating many exciting new research opportunities for bioarchaeologists. In this book, the exploration of children’s ...
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In recent years, interest in the lives of children in antiquity has flourished, creating many exciting new research opportunities for bioarchaeologists. In this book, the exploration of children’s lives in the past is being addressed on multiple levels and draws from many sub-disciplines. These multi-disciplinary approaches include detailed analyses of growth and ontogeny interpreted through differing biocultural perspectives, complex reconstructions of childhood health and well-being, and rich contextual investigations of social aging and changing identity throughout childhood and adolescence. All of these research streams contribute substantially to our understanding of childhood in the past, but there is often a disconnect between biological and social spheres of research. A central theme of this volume is that future work on the lives of children in antiquity should be built on a strong foundation of biocultural research that draws from, and more successfully integrates, multiple sub-disciplines, including skeletal biology and physiology, archaeology, and socio-cultural anthropology. This deepening of biocultural approaches is essential if we are to study the lives of children in ways that better reflect the complexity of the juvenile period. The end goal is to highlight how diverse research interests can be brought together to enrich our understanding of childhood in the past and particularly to better understand childhood as a dynamic, embodied experience (“lived through” both physically and socially).Less
In recent years, interest in the lives of children in antiquity has flourished, creating many exciting new research opportunities for bioarchaeologists. In this book, the exploration of children’s lives in the past is being addressed on multiple levels and draws from many sub-disciplines. These multi-disciplinary approaches include detailed analyses of growth and ontogeny interpreted through differing biocultural perspectives, complex reconstructions of childhood health and well-being, and rich contextual investigations of social aging and changing identity throughout childhood and adolescence. All of these research streams contribute substantially to our understanding of childhood in the past, but there is often a disconnect between biological and social spheres of research. A central theme of this volume is that future work on the lives of children in antiquity should be built on a strong foundation of biocultural research that draws from, and more successfully integrates, multiple sub-disciplines, including skeletal biology and physiology, archaeology, and socio-cultural anthropology. This deepening of biocultural approaches is essential if we are to study the lives of children in ways that better reflect the complexity of the juvenile period. The end goal is to highlight how diverse research interests can be brought together to enrich our understanding of childhood in the past and particularly to better understand childhood as a dynamic, embodied experience (“lived through” both physically and socially).
Victor Fet
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262015394
- eISBN:
- 9780262312462
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262015394.003.0013
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
This chapter introduces early contributions to the science of symbiogenesis. It describes the historical contributions of Boris Kozo-Polyansky and Konstantin Sergeyevich Mereschkovsky to the great ...
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This chapter introduces early contributions to the science of symbiogenesis. It describes the historical contributions of Boris Kozo-Polyansky and Konstantin Sergeyevich Mereschkovsky to the great idea that cells with nuclei come from multiple lines of bacteria. Mereschkovsky addressed the idea of symbiogenesis in evolution in his The Theory of Two Plasms as the Basis of Symbiogenesis, a New Study of the Origins of Organisms. Kozo-Polyansky connected symbiogenetic ideas to evolution to Charles Darwin’s pangenesis and to Darwin’s famous statement. His book, The New Principle of Biology: An Essay of the Theory of Symbiogenesis, remains an important and remarkable publication about symbiogenesis.Less
This chapter introduces early contributions to the science of symbiogenesis. It describes the historical contributions of Boris Kozo-Polyansky and Konstantin Sergeyevich Mereschkovsky to the great idea that cells with nuclei come from multiple lines of bacteria. Mereschkovsky addressed the idea of symbiogenesis in evolution in his The Theory of Two Plasms as the Basis of Symbiogenesis, a New Study of the Origins of Organisms. Kozo-Polyansky connected symbiogenetic ideas to evolution to Charles Darwin’s pangenesis and to Darwin’s famous statement. His book, The New Principle of Biology: An Essay of the Theory of Symbiogenesis, remains an important and remarkable publication about symbiogenesis.
Michael J. Lannoo
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780226358475
- eISBN:
- 9780226358505
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226358505.003.0001
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Nature
This overview outlines the tasks performed by field biologists, which include discovering what’s out there (natural history), describing how it fits together (ecology), determining how to save the ...
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This overview outlines the tasks performed by field biologists, which include discovering what’s out there (natural history), describing how it fits together (ecology), determining how to save the parts we value (wildlife biology), and figuring out how to save everything (conservation biology). Further, when elements cannot be saved, field biologists help bring back species and their ecosystems (restoration biology).Less
This overview outlines the tasks performed by field biologists, which include discovering what’s out there (natural history), describing how it fits together (ecology), determining how to save the parts we value (wildlife biology), and figuring out how to save everything (conservation biology). Further, when elements cannot be saved, field biologists help bring back species and their ecosystems (restoration biology).
Partha Mitter
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199595006
- eISBN:
- 9780191731464
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199595006.003.0004
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, African History: BCE to 500CE
The paper traces the process leading to the repudiation of the Afroasiatic roots of Greek civilization in the 19th century. Comparative philology, physical anthropology and biology melded language, ...
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The paper traces the process leading to the repudiation of the Afroasiatic roots of Greek civilization in the 19th century. Comparative philology, physical anthropology and biology melded language, physical features and culture to create the myth of an original white Aryan race. This racial doctrine was encapsulated by Gobineau: physical beauty (Apollo Belvedere) determined language, culture and intelligence; racial inequality in physical strength, intellect and morality was inherent. Social Darwinism proclaimed that European global domination was proof of the survival of the fittest. The paper finally takes the case of India, the hub of the Aryan Myth. Max Müller located India within Hegelian world history: though they were the original Aryans, Indians failed to progress unlike Europeans. Colonial writers constructed further racial binaries in India – Aryan versus Dravidian or Turanian – two antagonistic races forever separated by colour, cranium, caste and culture, an idea authoritatively employed by James Fergusson in his study of Indian architecture.Less
The paper traces the process leading to the repudiation of the Afroasiatic roots of Greek civilization in the 19th century. Comparative philology, physical anthropology and biology melded language, physical features and culture to create the myth of an original white Aryan race. This racial doctrine was encapsulated by Gobineau: physical beauty (Apollo Belvedere) determined language, culture and intelligence; racial inequality in physical strength, intellect and morality was inherent. Social Darwinism proclaimed that European global domination was proof of the survival of the fittest. The paper finally takes the case of India, the hub of the Aryan Myth. Max Müller located India within Hegelian world history: though they were the original Aryans, Indians failed to progress unlike Europeans. Colonial writers constructed further racial binaries in India – Aryan versus Dravidian or Turanian – two antagonistic races forever separated by colour, cranium, caste and culture, an idea authoritatively employed by James Fergusson in his study of Indian architecture.
Katja Ickstadt, Bjöorn Bornkamp, Marco Grzegorczyk, Jakob Wieczorek, Malik R. Sheriff, Hernáan E. Grecco, and Eli Zamir
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199694587
- eISBN:
- 9780191731921
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199694587.003.0010
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Probability / Statistics
A convenient way of modelling complex interactions is by employing graphs or networks which correspond to conditional independence structures in an underlying statistical model. One main class of ...
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A convenient way of modelling complex interactions is by employing graphs or networks which correspond to conditional independence structures in an underlying statistical model. One main class of models in this regard are Bayesian networks, which have the drawback of making parametric assumptions. Bayesian nonparametric mixture models offer a possibility to overcome this limitation, but have hardly been used in combination with networks. This manuscript bridges this gap by introducing nonparametric Bayesian network models. We review (parametric) Bayesian networks, in particular Gaussian Bayesian networks, from a Bayesian perspective as well as nonparametric Bayesian mixture models. Afterwards these two modelling approaches are combined into nonparametric Bayesian networks. The new models are compared both to Gaussian Bayesian networks and to mixture models in a simulation study, where it turns out that the nonparametric network models perform favourably in non‐Gaussian situations. The new models are also applied to an example from systems biology, namely finding modules within the MAPK cascade.Less
A convenient way of modelling complex interactions is by employing graphs or networks which correspond to conditional independence structures in an underlying statistical model. One main class of models in this regard are Bayesian networks, which have the drawback of making parametric assumptions. Bayesian nonparametric mixture models offer a possibility to overcome this limitation, but have hardly been used in combination with networks. This manuscript bridges this gap by introducing nonparametric Bayesian network models. We review (parametric) Bayesian networks, in particular Gaussian Bayesian networks, from a Bayesian perspective as well as nonparametric Bayesian mixture models. Afterwards these two modelling approaches are combined into nonparametric Bayesian networks. The new models are compared both to Gaussian Bayesian networks and to mixture models in a simulation study, where it turns out that the nonparametric network models perform favourably in non‐Gaussian situations. The new models are also applied to an example from systems biology, namely finding modules within the MAPK cascade.
Davide Tarizzo
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780816691593
- eISBN:
- 9781452958835
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816691593.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Science
The word “biology” was first used to describe the scientific study of life in 1802, and as Davide Tarizzo demonstrates, our understanding of what being alive means is an equally recent invention. ...
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The word “biology” was first used to describe the scientific study of life in 1802, and as Davide Tarizzo demonstrates, our understanding of what being alive means is an equally recent invention. Circumventing tired debates about the validity of science and the truth of Darwinian evolution, Tarizzo instead envisions a profound paradigm shift in philosophical and scientific concepts of biological life.Less
The word “biology” was first used to describe the scientific study of life in 1802, and as Davide Tarizzo demonstrates, our understanding of what being alive means is an equally recent invention. Circumventing tired debates about the validity of science and the truth of Darwinian evolution, Tarizzo instead envisions a profound paradigm shift in philosophical and scientific concepts of biological life.
Carsten Strathausen
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781517900755
- eISBN:
- 9781452957715
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9781517900755.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Science
Bio-Aesthetics. A Critique examines the rising influence of evolutionary theory across academic disciplines today. Empowered by neo-Darwinian theory and recent advances in neuroscientific research, ...
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Bio-Aesthetics. A Critique examines the rising influence of evolutionary theory across academic disciplines today. Empowered by neo-Darwinian theory and recent advances in neuroscientific research, nascent academic fields have particularly challenged the Humanities’ non-empirical and largely speculative approach to modern art, culture, and aesthetic theory. In its stead, evolutionary scholars advocate a strict biological functionalism that effectively reduces mind to brain and art to science. Unfortunately, Humanities’ scholars so far have been slow to respond to this challenge. Bio-Aesthetics remedies this problem by providing the first comprehensive account of current evolutionary and neuroscientific approaches to art and human culture to demonstrate both the need for and the limits of interdisciplinary research in the Humanities. Above all, Bio-Aesthetics is A Critique in the Kantian sense of the term: it works through a critical appraisal of neo-Darwinian reductionism in order to develop a more germane and balanced methodology for future collaborative research across disciplines. Bio-Aesthetics central argument contends that Kant’s transcendentalism amounts to the “structural coupling” of organism and environment, which also applies to our knowledge of the (phenomenological) world we come to inhabit as living beings. Scientific reductionism and neo-Darwinian theory ignore the self-constructed nature of reason and culture for genetic laws and evolutionary principles that allegedly determine human behaviour. Hence the overriding goal of Bio-Aesthetics is to provide the Humanities with a self-critical, historically nuanced and epistemologically up-to-date counter-paradigm to what E. O Wilson called “sociobiology,” that is the reductionist view of human cultural evolution dominant in neo-Darwinian evolutionary theory today.Less
Bio-Aesthetics. A Critique examines the rising influence of evolutionary theory across academic disciplines today. Empowered by neo-Darwinian theory and recent advances in neuroscientific research, nascent academic fields have particularly challenged the Humanities’ non-empirical and largely speculative approach to modern art, culture, and aesthetic theory. In its stead, evolutionary scholars advocate a strict biological functionalism that effectively reduces mind to brain and art to science. Unfortunately, Humanities’ scholars so far have been slow to respond to this challenge. Bio-Aesthetics remedies this problem by providing the first comprehensive account of current evolutionary and neuroscientific approaches to art and human culture to demonstrate both the need for and the limits of interdisciplinary research in the Humanities. Above all, Bio-Aesthetics is A Critique in the Kantian sense of the term: it works through a critical appraisal of neo-Darwinian reductionism in order to develop a more germane and balanced methodology for future collaborative research across disciplines. Bio-Aesthetics central argument contends that Kant’s transcendentalism amounts to the “structural coupling” of organism and environment, which also applies to our knowledge of the (phenomenological) world we come to inhabit as living beings. Scientific reductionism and neo-Darwinian theory ignore the self-constructed nature of reason and culture for genetic laws and evolutionary principles that allegedly determine human behaviour. Hence the overriding goal of Bio-Aesthetics is to provide the Humanities with a self-critical, historically nuanced and epistemologically up-to-date counter-paradigm to what E. O Wilson called “sociobiology,” that is the reductionist view of human cultural evolution dominant in neo-Darwinian evolutionary theory today.
Andrew Finney, Michael Hucka, Benjamin J. Bornstein, Sarah M. Keating, Bruce E. Shapiro, Joanne Matthews, Ben L. Kovitz, Maria J. Schilstra, Akira Funahashi, John Doyle, and Hiroaki Kitano
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262195485
- eISBN:
- 9780262257060
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262195485.003.0017
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Mathematical Biology
This chapter describes Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML), a format for representing models in a way that can be used by different software systems to communicate and exchange those models. By ...
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This chapter describes Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML), a format for representing models in a way that can be used by different software systems to communicate and exchange those models. By supporting SBML as an input and output format, different software tools can all operate on an identical representation of a model, removing opportunities for errors in translation and assuring a common starting point for analyses and simulations. The chapter also discusses some of the resources available for working with SBML as well as ongoing efforts in SBML’s continuing evolution.Less
This chapter describes Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML), a format for representing models in a way that can be used by different software systems to communicate and exchange those models. By supporting SBML as an input and output format, different software tools can all operate on an identical representation of a model, removing opportunities for errors in translation and assuring a common starting point for analyses and simulations. The chapter also discusses some of the resources available for working with SBML as well as ongoing efforts in SBML’s continuing evolution.
Angela N. H. Creager
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226017808
- eISBN:
- 9780226017945
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226017945.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Following World War II, the publication of accounts such as John Hersey’s Hiroshima (1946) documented the devastating effects of atomic weaponry on inhabitants of the two Japanese cities targeted by ...
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Following World War II, the publication of accounts such as John Hersey’s Hiroshima (1946) documented the devastating effects of atomic weaponry on inhabitants of the two Japanese cities targeted by atomic bombs. Yet the American government presented a positive image of the atom, particularly in medicine. This chapter examines this apparent paradox. In the late 1940s and 1950s, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) sought to harness atomic energy for humanitarian uses, including advancing cancer research, therapy, and diagnosis. Yet the growing concern about the hazards of low-level radiation exposure, particularly from atomic weapons fallout, changed the public perception of radioactivity. The fear of cancer, which in the 1940s could be exploited by the AEC to justify its status as a civilian agency bringing medical benefits to the citizenry, was by the 1960s a threat to viability of the agency’s other long-term benefit prospect, nuclear energy.Less
Following World War II, the publication of accounts such as John Hersey’s Hiroshima (1946) documented the devastating effects of atomic weaponry on inhabitants of the two Japanese cities targeted by atomic bombs. Yet the American government presented a positive image of the atom, particularly in medicine. This chapter examines this apparent paradox. In the late 1940s and 1950s, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) sought to harness atomic energy for humanitarian uses, including advancing cancer research, therapy, and diagnosis. Yet the growing concern about the hazards of low-level radiation exposure, particularly from atomic weapons fallout, changed the public perception of radioactivity. The fear of cancer, which in the 1940s could be exploited by the AEC to justify its status as a civilian agency bringing medical benefits to the citizenry, was by the 1960s a threat to viability of the agency’s other long-term benefit prospect, nuclear energy.
Jay Schulkin
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780231176767
- eISBN:
- 9780231541978
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231176767.003.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
Shows the context for understanding sport, breathing, given our capabilities and our cultural evolution; sport lies in the continuous fluidity between biology and culture.
Shows the context for understanding sport, breathing, given our capabilities and our cultural evolution; sport lies in the continuous fluidity between biology and culture.
Jay Schulkin
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780231176767
- eISBN:
- 9780231541978
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231176767.003.0004
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
Looks at genes and their expression in athletic capability. There is no athletic gene; there is a general confluence of specific and general capabilities that converge on athletic expression. Such ...
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Looks at genes and their expression in athletic capability. There is no athletic gene; there is a general confluence of specific and general capabilities that converge on athletic expression. Such events reflect experience, culture and epigenetic expression; the absolute continuity of biology and culture; both a reflection of one another.Less
Looks at genes and their expression in athletic capability. There is no athletic gene; there is a general confluence of specific and general capabilities that converge on athletic expression. Such events reflect experience, culture and epigenetic expression; the absolute continuity of biology and culture; both a reflection of one another.
Michael Yudell and J. Craig Venter
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231168748
- eISBN:
- 9780231537995
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231168748.003.0009
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
This chapter begins by discussing the US Supreme Court's decision in the Brown v. Board of Education case, which was influenced by Gunnar Myrdal's An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern ...
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This chapter begins by discussing the US Supreme Court's decision in the Brown v. Board of Education case, which was influenced by Gunnar Myrdal's An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy. Its critical assessment of American racial oppression and rejection of the typological view of race proved instrumental in striking down legalized segregation. In relation to the Brown decision, human geneticist Curt Stern published “The Biology of the Negro,” an article in which he claimed that not only would the Negro race be dissolved as the result of being hybridized into the dominant white population, but also race itself would become futile as the white and black races merged. The chapter also presents how the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) campaigned for the application of scientific knowledge in the fight against racial prejudice.Less
This chapter begins by discussing the US Supreme Court's decision in the Brown v. Board of Education case, which was influenced by Gunnar Myrdal's An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy. Its critical assessment of American racial oppression and rejection of the typological view of race proved instrumental in striking down legalized segregation. In relation to the Brown decision, human geneticist Curt Stern published “The Biology of the Negro,” an article in which he claimed that not only would the Negro race be dissolved as the result of being hybridized into the dominant white population, but also race itself would become futile as the white and black races merged. The chapter also presents how the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) campaigned for the application of scientific knowledge in the fight against racial prejudice.
Emanuela Bianchi
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780823262182
- eISBN:
- 9780823266449
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823262182.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Feminist Philosophy
The Feminine Symptom is a deconstructive, psychoanalytic, continental feminist study of Aristotle’s natural philosophy. It proposes that Aristotle’s theory of sexual reproduction is key to ...
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The Feminine Symptom is a deconstructive, psychoanalytic, continental feminist study of Aristotle’s natural philosophy. It proposes that Aristotle’s theory of sexual reproduction is key to understanding his philosophical project as a whole. Just as a craftsman creates an artifact, the male supplies the form, which acts on matter provided by the female. The “feminine symptom” refers to the mechanism by which a female offspring is produced, namely a fault or misstep in the teleological unfolding of reproduction, occasioned by the presence of chance forces, but one that is necessary to the teleological cosmos. The book repositions Generation of Animals as the central text of Aristotle’s thinking, and traces the aleatory feminine symptom as accident, chance, coincidence and necessity operating in Aristotelian metaphysics and physics: in cause, place, motion, potentiality, and actuality, as well as exploring the relationship of Aristotle’s natural philosophy to Plato, atomism, and other predecessors. The methodology attends to Aristotle’s figures, his literariness and teleological momentum, seeking out textual aporias, slippages, and symptoms in relation to sexual difference. The analysis reveals the dual vectors at work in Aristotle’s thought: a movement toward system-building, hierarchy, and teleology, but also a phenomenological attunement to the singularity of things. The book engages Heidegger’s reading of Aristotle, and remedies the lack of attention paid to Aristotle by 20th-century French thinkers, and also addresses an Anglophone literature on Aristotle’s biology and feminism. The book develops a politics of “aleatory feminism” that converges with the contemporary turn to “new materialisms” in the theoretical humanities.Less
The Feminine Symptom is a deconstructive, psychoanalytic, continental feminist study of Aristotle’s natural philosophy. It proposes that Aristotle’s theory of sexual reproduction is key to understanding his philosophical project as a whole. Just as a craftsman creates an artifact, the male supplies the form, which acts on matter provided by the female. The “feminine symptom” refers to the mechanism by which a female offspring is produced, namely a fault or misstep in the teleological unfolding of reproduction, occasioned by the presence of chance forces, but one that is necessary to the teleological cosmos. The book repositions Generation of Animals as the central text of Aristotle’s thinking, and traces the aleatory feminine symptom as accident, chance, coincidence and necessity operating in Aristotelian metaphysics and physics: in cause, place, motion, potentiality, and actuality, as well as exploring the relationship of Aristotle’s natural philosophy to Plato, atomism, and other predecessors. The methodology attends to Aristotle’s figures, his literariness and teleological momentum, seeking out textual aporias, slippages, and symptoms in relation to sexual difference. The analysis reveals the dual vectors at work in Aristotle’s thought: a movement toward system-building, hierarchy, and teleology, but also a phenomenological attunement to the singularity of things. The book engages Heidegger’s reading of Aristotle, and remedies the lack of attention paid to Aristotle by 20th-century French thinkers, and also addresses an Anglophone literature on Aristotle’s biology and feminism. The book develops a politics of “aleatory feminism” that converges with the contemporary turn to “new materialisms” in the theoretical humanities.
Gerard N. Burrow
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300092073
- eISBN:
- 9780300132885
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300092073.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Education
This chapter describes the difficulty faced by the search committee in identifying a candidate to whom it could unhesitatingly commit the school's destinies after Alan Gregg declined the offer to ...
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This chapter describes the difficulty faced by the search committee in identifying a candidate to whom it could unhesitatingly commit the school's destinies after Alan Gregg declined the offer to succeed Bayne-Jones as dean. It recommended that Francis Gilman Blake, the chairman of medicine, be appointed acting dean for the 1940–1941 academic year. Blake was willing but wanted to remain chairman of medicine, and he asked for assistance in carrying out his duties as acting dean. George H. Smith, chairman of the Department of Bacteriology and editor of the Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, was appointed assistant dean, with responsibility for the Committee on Admissions and the Committee on Student Affairs. The medical students viewed Blake as “a fairly stuffy and remote person.” “Wrinkle” Smith, on the other hand, short and with lots of facial wrinkles, interacted closely with the students.Less
This chapter describes the difficulty faced by the search committee in identifying a candidate to whom it could unhesitatingly commit the school's destinies after Alan Gregg declined the offer to succeed Bayne-Jones as dean. It recommended that Francis Gilman Blake, the chairman of medicine, be appointed acting dean for the 1940–1941 academic year. Blake was willing but wanted to remain chairman of medicine, and he asked for assistance in carrying out his duties as acting dean. George H. Smith, chairman of the Department of Bacteriology and editor of the Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, was appointed assistant dean, with responsibility for the Committee on Admissions and the Committee on Student Affairs. The medical students viewed Blake as “a fairly stuffy and remote person.” “Wrinkle” Smith, on the other hand, short and with lots of facial wrinkles, interacted closely with the students.
Karen Detlefsen
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199987313
- eISBN:
- 9780199346240
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199987313.003.0008
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy, Philosophy of Science
In this paper, I canvas several reasons – theological, other metaphysical, and scientific reasons – why early modern philosophers embraced the theory of generation by pre-existence. Investigating ...
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In this paper, I canvas several reasons – theological, other metaphysical, and scientific reasons – why early modern philosophers embraced the theory of generation by pre-existence. Investigating these motivations takes us to the heart of many interesting issues in early modern philosophy, including the status of teleology and problems in individuation. I further show that Malebranche draws on several forms of arguments in his embrace of the theory, and that his reasons underscore how alert he was to the unique phenomena of life, an alertness shared by many in his era – indeed, an alertness that requires we take seriously how philosophers thought about the life sciences in the early modern period.Less
In this paper, I canvas several reasons – theological, other metaphysical, and scientific reasons – why early modern philosophers embraced the theory of generation by pre-existence. Investigating these motivations takes us to the heart of many interesting issues in early modern philosophy, including the status of teleology and problems in individuation. I further show that Malebranche draws on several forms of arguments in his embrace of the theory, and that his reasons underscore how alert he was to the unique phenomena of life, an alertness shared by many in his era – indeed, an alertness that requires we take seriously how philosophers thought about the life sciences in the early modern period.
George Hart
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780823254897
- eISBN:
- 9780823261017
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823254897.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, Poetry
This chapter discusses Jeffers’s first full-scale attempts at comprehending the material basis of consciousness in the brain. During his most fertile period, roughly 1924 through 1928, Jeffers ...
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This chapter discusses Jeffers’s first full-scale attempts at comprehending the material basis of consciousness in the brain. During his most fertile period, roughly 1924 through 1928, Jeffers engaged with the issue of consciousness in long poems such as “Tamar” and “The Women at Point Sur,” drawing on his training in science and medicine to produce accurate depictions of the physiological underpinnings of mind. Its central argument is that Jeffers’s initial engagement with consciousness did not resolve the dilemma of the conflict between materialism and mysticism, but it did establish the ground for a biopoetics, an evolutionary basis for language and consciousness, through radical experimentation with narrative poetry. In some of his most powerful work, Jeffers stages a conflict between physics, which offers an escape from consciousness in its concept of entropy, and biology, which demonstrates that life becomes more complex over time through evolution.Less
This chapter discusses Jeffers’s first full-scale attempts at comprehending the material basis of consciousness in the brain. During his most fertile period, roughly 1924 through 1928, Jeffers engaged with the issue of consciousness in long poems such as “Tamar” and “The Women at Point Sur,” drawing on his training in science and medicine to produce accurate depictions of the physiological underpinnings of mind. Its central argument is that Jeffers’s initial engagement with consciousness did not resolve the dilemma of the conflict between materialism and mysticism, but it did establish the ground for a biopoetics, an evolutionary basis for language and consciousness, through radical experimentation with narrative poetry. In some of his most powerful work, Jeffers stages a conflict between physics, which offers an escape from consciousness in its concept of entropy, and biology, which demonstrates that life becomes more complex over time through evolution.
