Jeffrey A. Gray and Neil McNaughton
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198522713
- eISBN:
- 9780191712517
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198522713.003.0005
- Subject:
- Psychology, Neuropsychology
This chapter presents the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) as mediating between a Fight-Flight-Freezing system (FFFS) that controls pure avoidance (of punishment or frustration), and a Behavioural ...
More
This chapter presents the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) as mediating between a Fight-Flight-Freezing system (FFFS) that controls pure avoidance (of punishment or frustration), and a Behavioural Approach System (BAS) that controls pure approach (to reward or safety). The BIS is activated when both the FFFS and BAS are concurrently activated. Its output increases the avoidance tendency as well as generating risk assessment, changes in arousal, and changes in attention. The BIS, as evidenced by anti-anxiety drug action, has immense species-generality and by implication, phylogenetic age. It is argued that it will, therefore, have distributed neural control with multiple evolved modules each providing a ‘rule of thumb’ that allows appropriate output under some but not all circumstances. The observed outputs of the BIS will often be the result of output from a range of parallel neural pathways.Less
This chapter presents the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) as mediating between a Fight-Flight-Freezing system (FFFS) that controls pure avoidance (of punishment or frustration), and a Behavioural Approach System (BAS) that controls pure approach (to reward or safety). The BIS is activated when both the FFFS and BAS are concurrently activated. Its output increases the avoidance tendency as well as generating risk assessment, changes in arousal, and changes in attention. The BIS, as evidenced by anti-anxiety drug action, has immense species-generality and by implication, phylogenetic age. It is argued that it will, therefore, have distributed neural control with multiple evolved modules each providing a ‘rule of thumb’ that allows appropriate output under some but not all circumstances. The observed outputs of the BIS will often be the result of output from a range of parallel neural pathways.
Jeffrey A. Gray and Neil McNaughton
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198522713
- eISBN:
- 9780191712517
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198522713.003.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Neuropsychology
The core idea of a behavioural inhibition system including the septo-hippocampal system is presented here. This is linked to a strong ethological and pharmacological distinction between fear and ...
More
The core idea of a behavioural inhibition system including the septo-hippocampal system is presented here. This is linked to a strong ethological and pharmacological distinction between fear and anxiety; and to a primary role (illustrated with a schematic model) for the hippocampus in the resolution of goal conflict by increasing aversion and so producing behavioural inhibition.Less
The core idea of a behavioural inhibition system including the septo-hippocampal system is presented here. This is linked to a strong ethological and pharmacological distinction between fear and anxiety; and to a primary role (illustrated with a schematic model) for the hippocampus in the resolution of goal conflict by increasing aversion and so producing behavioural inhibition.
Jeffrey A. Gray and Neil McNaughton
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198522713
- eISBN:
- 9780191712517
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198522713.003.0003
- Subject:
- Psychology, Neuropsychology
The chapter reviews two-process theories of learning, and justifies the equation of reward with punishment omission and of punishment with reward omission. Learning is presented as a means of ...
More
The chapter reviews two-process theories of learning, and justifies the equation of reward with punishment omission and of punishment with reward omission. Learning is presented as a means of endowing neutral stimuli with the properties of associated innate stimuli and, whether innate or learned, inputs to the behavioural inhibition system are defined as stimuli that elicit conflicting (particularly approach-avoidance) tendencies. As with the innate behaviours of Chapter 2, a key point is that behaviours attributed to the behavioural inhibition system are sensitive to anti-anxiety drugs.Less
The chapter reviews two-process theories of learning, and justifies the equation of reward with punishment omission and of punishment with reward omission. Learning is presented as a means of endowing neutral stimuli with the properties of associated innate stimuli and, whether innate or learned, inputs to the behavioural inhibition system are defined as stimuli that elicit conflicting (particularly approach-avoidance) tendencies. As with the innate behaviours of Chapter 2, a key point is that behaviours attributed to the behavioural inhibition system are sensitive to anti-anxiety drugs.
