Laurence Goldstein
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199265176
- eISBN:
- 9780191713989
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199265176.003.0019
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Language, Logic/Philosophy of Mathematics
Although he toyed with the idea that contradictions in mathematics are harmless, Wittgenstein did not subscribe to the claim that they are true. He took the highly distinctive line that ...
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Although he toyed with the idea that contradictions in mathematics are harmless, Wittgenstein did not subscribe to the claim that they are true. He took the highly distinctive line that contradictions are neither true nor false, a view he defended early and late. He argued that contradictions are not statements and hence are not in the true/false game; this appears to be Aristotle's view too. This chapter considers a variety of paradoxes, including the Barber, Russell's paradox, Catch-22, the lawyer paradox involving Protagoras and Euathlus, the paradox of the stone, the Liar and Yablo's paradox. What the examination of these paradoxes reveals is that a satisfyingly unified treatment of them can be had if we have in place a principled denial of the assumption that contradictions and biconditionals of the form p, if and only if not-p are necessarily false. It is the latter that Wittgenstein supplies.Less
Although he toyed with the idea that contradictions in mathematics are harmless, Wittgenstein did not subscribe to the claim that they are true. He took the highly distinctive line that contradictions are neither true nor false, a view he defended early and late. He argued that contradictions are not statements and hence are not in the true/false game; this appears to be Aristotle's view too. This chapter considers a variety of paradoxes, including the Barber, Russell's paradox, Catch-22, the lawyer paradox involving Protagoras and Euathlus, the paradox of the stone, the Liar and Yablo's paradox. What the examination of these paradoxes reveals is that a satisfyingly unified treatment of them can be had if we have in place a principled denial of the assumption that contradictions and biconditionals of the form p, if and only if not-p are necessarily false. It is the latter that Wittgenstein supplies.
Patrick Collinson
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198222989
- eISBN:
- 9780191678554
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198222989.003.0032
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, History of Religion
In early September of that year Thomas Barber, the suspended preacher of Bow and a leading London classis member, made a full and valuable deposition. In October, Snape's parishioners were asked to ...
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In early September of that year Thomas Barber, the suspended preacher of Bow and a leading London classis member, made a full and valuable deposition. In October, Snape's parishioners were asked to repeat that conversation in the great seat of St Peter's church which suggested that their pastor was expecting and preparing for a Presbyterian revolution, although none of them was able to confirm that Snape had used the crucial phase, all in one day. But it was not until October 13th and 30th respectively that the prize witnesses and the only really disloyal brethren, Thomas Edmunds and John Johnson, were examined. Crucial questions about the attitude of the puritans to the royal supremacy and the Church of England were bypassed, and none of the witnesses could be said to have established beyond question that the Book of Discipline had been put in practice.Less
In early September of that year Thomas Barber, the suspended preacher of Bow and a leading London classis member, made a full and valuable deposition. In October, Snape's parishioners were asked to repeat that conversation in the great seat of St Peter's church which suggested that their pastor was expecting and preparing for a Presbyterian revolution, although none of them was able to confirm that Snape had used the crucial phase, all in one day. But it was not until October 13th and 30th respectively that the prize witnesses and the only really disloyal brethren, Thomas Edmunds and John Johnson, were examined. Crucial questions about the attitude of the puritans to the royal supremacy and the Church of England were bypassed, and none of the witnesses could be said to have established beyond question that the Book of Discipline had been put in practice.
Canter Brown and Larry Eugene Rivers
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813061146
- eISBN:
- 9780813051420
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813061146.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
This chapter traces the years Mary resided with her family at Thomasville, Georgia, following her return from Louisiana with her son. Observing her depression and temporary inability to rise above ...
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This chapter traces the years Mary resided with her family at Thomasville, Georgia, following her return from Louisiana with her son. Observing her depression and temporary inability to rise above the calamity of her marriage, the authors also look closely at the influences surrounding her as she cautiously began again to write essays and poetry. Particularly significant in Mary’s life at this time is the Penfield Georgia Temperance Crusader and its guiding spirits John Henry Seals and Mary Sanders Seals. She is also affected by a number of deaths, including that of first love Leon Bryan. The authors examine the personal goals Mary specifically develops through writing and editing, and they establish the beginnings of her key friendships with Virginia Smith French, Catherine Webb Barber (Towles), and Alexander H. Stephens, as well as her significant rivalry with poet Annie R. Blount.Less
This chapter traces the years Mary resided with her family at Thomasville, Georgia, following her return from Louisiana with her son. Observing her depression and temporary inability to rise above the calamity of her marriage, the authors also look closely at the influences surrounding her as she cautiously began again to write essays and poetry. Particularly significant in Mary’s life at this time is the Penfield Georgia Temperance Crusader and its guiding spirits John Henry Seals and Mary Sanders Seals. She is also affected by a number of deaths, including that of first love Leon Bryan. The authors examine the personal goals Mary specifically develops through writing and editing, and they establish the beginnings of her key friendships with Virginia Smith French, Catherine Webb Barber (Towles), and Alexander H. Stephens, as well as her significant rivalry with poet Annie R. Blount.
Canter Brown and Larry Eugene Rivers
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813061146
- eISBN:
- 9780813051420
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813061146.003.0009
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
This chapter follows Mary Edwards Bryan’s flight from war-torn Louisiana in spring 1863 and her journey to Atlanta to seek employment and greater security. The authors examine wartime conditions for ...
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This chapter follows Mary Edwards Bryan’s flight from war-torn Louisiana in spring 1863 and her journey to Atlanta to seek employment and greater security. The authors examine wartime conditions for women in Atlanta and discuss the constraints imposed upon newspapers and journals as a result of the destruction of paper mills. During this time of strain, Mary’s sought direction and employment from Catherine Webb Barber of Southern Literary Companion, Simeon A. Atkinson of Southern Field and Fireside, and Josiah S. Peterson of Atlanta Daily Gazette. Wartime privations made employment tenuous, however, and Mary ultimately had to return to Louisiana and her husband.Less
This chapter follows Mary Edwards Bryan’s flight from war-torn Louisiana in spring 1863 and her journey to Atlanta to seek employment and greater security. The authors examine wartime conditions for women in Atlanta and discuss the constraints imposed upon newspapers and journals as a result of the destruction of paper mills. During this time of strain, Mary’s sought direction and employment from Catherine Webb Barber of Southern Literary Companion, Simeon A. Atkinson of Southern Field and Fireside, and Josiah S. Peterson of Atlanta Daily Gazette. Wartime privations made employment tenuous, however, and Mary ultimately had to return to Louisiana and her husband.
Michael Bundock
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780300207101
- eISBN:
- 9780300213904
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300207101.003.0014
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter focuses on the lives of Francis Barber’s descendants. When Barber died in 1801, his widow Elizabeth was left with little source of income. Their son Samuel had left home while their ...
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This chapter focuses on the lives of Francis Barber’s descendants. When Barber died in 1801, his widow Elizabeth was left with little source of income. Their son Samuel had left home while their elder daughter Elizabeth died in 1802 at the age of twenty. Barber’s widow and their surviving daughter, Ann, moved back to Lichfield, where they once again lived on Stowe Street and kept a day school for children. The school did not make much money, and Elizabeth Barber was reduced to selling mementos of Samuel Johnson. She died in Lichfield in 1816 at the age of sixty, and Ann went to live with her brother Samuel. Samuel Barber became a preacher for the Methodist movement. This chapter also examines how the modern-day Barbers regard their ancestor Francis.Less
This chapter focuses on the lives of Francis Barber’s descendants. When Barber died in 1801, his widow Elizabeth was left with little source of income. Their son Samuel had left home while their elder daughter Elizabeth died in 1802 at the age of twenty. Barber’s widow and their surviving daughter, Ann, moved back to Lichfield, where they once again lived on Stowe Street and kept a day school for children. The school did not make much money, and Elizabeth Barber was reduced to selling mementos of Samuel Johnson. She died in Lichfield in 1816 at the age of sixty, and Ann went to live with her brother Samuel. Samuel Barber became a preacher for the Methodist movement. This chapter also examines how the modern-day Barbers regard their ancestor Francis.
Barbara B. Heyman
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195090581
- eISBN:
- 9780199853090
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195090581.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
Samuel Barber (1910–81) was one of the most important and honoured American composers of the 20th century. Writing in a great variety of musical forms—symphonies, concertos, operas, vocal music, ...
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Samuel Barber (1910–81) was one of the most important and honoured American composers of the 20th century. Writing in a great variety of musical forms—symphonies, concertos, operas, vocal music, chamber music—he infused his works with poetic lyricism and gave tonal language and forms new vitality. His rich legacy includes such famous compositions as the Adagio for Strings, the orchestral song Knoxville: Summer of 1915, three concertos, and his two operas, the Pulitzer Prize-winning Vanessa and Antony and Cleopatra, a commissioned work that opened the new Metropolitan Opera House at the Lincoln Center. Generously documented by letters, sketchbooks, original musical manuscripts, and interviews with friends, colleagues, and performers with whom he worked, this book covers Barber's entire career and all of his compositions. The biographical material on Barber is closely interspersed with a discussion of his music, displaying Barber's creative processes at work from his early student compositions to his mature masterpieces. The book also provides the social context in which this major composer grew: his education, how he built his career, the evolving musical tastes of American audiences, his relationship to musical giants like Serge Koussevitzky, and the role of radio in the promotion of his music. A testament to the significance of the new Romanticism, Samuel Barber stands as a model biography of an important American musical figure.Less
Samuel Barber (1910–81) was one of the most important and honoured American composers of the 20th century. Writing in a great variety of musical forms—symphonies, concertos, operas, vocal music, chamber music—he infused his works with poetic lyricism and gave tonal language and forms new vitality. His rich legacy includes such famous compositions as the Adagio for Strings, the orchestral song Knoxville: Summer of 1915, three concertos, and his two operas, the Pulitzer Prize-winning Vanessa and Antony and Cleopatra, a commissioned work that opened the new Metropolitan Opera House at the Lincoln Center. Generously documented by letters, sketchbooks, original musical manuscripts, and interviews with friends, colleagues, and performers with whom he worked, this book covers Barber's entire career and all of his compositions. The biographical material on Barber is closely interspersed with a discussion of his music, displaying Barber's creative processes at work from his early student compositions to his mature masterpieces. The book also provides the social context in which this major composer grew: his education, how he built his career, the evolving musical tastes of American audiences, his relationship to musical giants like Serge Koussevitzky, and the role of radio in the promotion of his music. A testament to the significance of the new Romanticism, Samuel Barber stands as a model biography of an important American musical figure.
Peter B. Tinker and Peter Nye
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780195124927
- eISBN:
- 9780197561324
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780195124927.003.0015
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Soil Science
In this chapter we deal with vegetation growing in the field. This introduces new and challenging questions of scale and heterogeneity, in time and space, of the ...
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In this chapter we deal with vegetation growing in the field. This introduces new and challenging questions of scale and heterogeneity, in time and space, of the environment in which plants grow. It builds on the concepts and methods explained in earlier chapters, especially the movement of water and solutes (chapters 2, 3 and 4) and the distribution of roots (chapter 9) in field soils. In some cases, it requires changes and simplifications in the methods that we have used earlier. The problems of dealing with water and nutrient movement and uptake at the field scale are discussed first. The modelling approach that we developed in the earlier chapters of this book, up to the end of chapter 10, logically resumes at section 11.3. This covers both uptake models and the more complex combined crop growth and uptake models that simulate the main interactions with the environment. This chapter considers increasingly complex systems: first, uniform monocultures, including models of a ‘green leaf crop’, a root crop, a cereal, and a tree crop. At this level, the presence of weeds or groundcover is deliberately ignored. Interspecies competition is included later, with vegetation composed of more or less regularly spaced plants of more than one species. This occurs in many agricultural systems, such as mixtures of forage species and agroforestry systems. The competition processes become even more complicated where there is no spatial symmetry, and models of crop/weed mixtures, grass/legume mixtures, and planted woodlands are used as examples. Progress with crops has been more rapid because of their more regular structure, so we deal mainly with these, but we believe that similar ideas will be applied to natural vegetation also, and this is discussed in section 11.5. Most of these models have a water submodel, or, if not, one could be added. As the physical basis is normally rather similar for all water models, one model for water uptake is explained in some detail (section 11.1.2), but elsewhere water uptake is dealt with very briefly. For each model, the preferred order of discussion is water; growth, including economic yield; nitrogen; potassium; phosphorus; and other nutrients, unless the logic of the subject demands a different order.
Less
In this chapter we deal with vegetation growing in the field. This introduces new and challenging questions of scale and heterogeneity, in time and space, of the environment in which plants grow. It builds on the concepts and methods explained in earlier chapters, especially the movement of water and solutes (chapters 2, 3 and 4) and the distribution of roots (chapter 9) in field soils. In some cases, it requires changes and simplifications in the methods that we have used earlier. The problems of dealing with water and nutrient movement and uptake at the field scale are discussed first. The modelling approach that we developed in the earlier chapters of this book, up to the end of chapter 10, logically resumes at section 11.3. This covers both uptake models and the more complex combined crop growth and uptake models that simulate the main interactions with the environment. This chapter considers increasingly complex systems: first, uniform monocultures, including models of a ‘green leaf crop’, a root crop, a cereal, and a tree crop. At this level, the presence of weeds or groundcover is deliberately ignored. Interspecies competition is included later, with vegetation composed of more or less regularly spaced plants of more than one species. This occurs in many agricultural systems, such as mixtures of forage species and agroforestry systems. The competition processes become even more complicated where there is no spatial symmetry, and models of crop/weed mixtures, grass/legume mixtures, and planted woodlands are used as examples. Progress with crops has been more rapid because of their more regular structure, so we deal mainly with these, but we believe that similar ideas will be applied to natural vegetation also, and this is discussed in section 11.5. Most of these models have a water submodel, or, if not, one could be added. As the physical basis is normally rather similar for all water models, one model for water uptake is explained in some detail (section 11.1.2), but elsewhere water uptake is dealt with very briefly. For each model, the preferred order of discussion is water; growth, including economic yield; nitrogen; potassium; phosphorus; and other nutrients, unless the logic of the subject demands a different order.
Richard Osborne
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195181296
- eISBN:
- 9780199851416
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195181296.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
Gioachino Rossini was one of the most influential, as well as one of the most industrious and emotionally complex of the great 19th-century composers. Between 1810 and 1829, he wrote 39 operas, a ...
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Gioachino Rossini was one of the most influential, as well as one of the most industrious and emotionally complex of the great 19th-century composers. Between 1810 and 1829, he wrote 39 operas, a body of work, comic and serious, which transformed Italian opera and radically altered the course of opera in France. His retirement from operatic composition in 1829, at the age of 37, was widely assumed to be the act of a talented but lazy man. In reality, political events and a series of debilitating illnesses were the determining factors. After drafting the Stabat Mater in 1832, Rossini wrote no music of consequence for the best part of 25 years, before the clouds lifted and he began composing again in Paris in the late 1850s. During this glorious Indian summer of his career, he wrote 150 songs and solo piano pieces his “Sins of Old Age” and his final masterpiece, the Petite Messe Solennelle. The image of Rossini as a gifted but feckless amateur—the witty, high-spirited bon vivant who dashed off The Barber of Seville in a mere 13 days—persisted down the years, until the centenary of his death in 1968 inaugurated a process of re-evaluation by scholars, performers, and writers. Drawing on these past two decades of scholarship and performance, this new edition of this text provides a detailed portrait of one of the world’s best-loved and most enigmatic composers.Less
Gioachino Rossini was one of the most influential, as well as one of the most industrious and emotionally complex of the great 19th-century composers. Between 1810 and 1829, he wrote 39 operas, a body of work, comic and serious, which transformed Italian opera and radically altered the course of opera in France. His retirement from operatic composition in 1829, at the age of 37, was widely assumed to be the act of a talented but lazy man. In reality, political events and a series of debilitating illnesses were the determining factors. After drafting the Stabat Mater in 1832, Rossini wrote no music of consequence for the best part of 25 years, before the clouds lifted and he began composing again in Paris in the late 1850s. During this glorious Indian summer of his career, he wrote 150 songs and solo piano pieces his “Sins of Old Age” and his final masterpiece, the Petite Messe Solennelle. The image of Rossini as a gifted but feckless amateur—the witty, high-spirited bon vivant who dashed off The Barber of Seville in a mere 13 days—persisted down the years, until the centenary of his death in 1968 inaugurated a process of re-evaluation by scholars, performers, and writers. Drawing on these past two decades of scholarship and performance, this new edition of this text provides a detailed portrait of one of the world’s best-loved and most enigmatic composers.
Barbara B. Heyman
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780190863739
- eISBN:
- 9780190054786
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190863739.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
Samuel Barber (1910–1981) was one of the most important and honored American composers of the twentieth century. Writing in a great variety of musical forms—symphonies, concertos, operas, vocal ...
More
Samuel Barber (1910–1981) was one of the most important and honored American composers of the twentieth century. Writing in a great variety of musical forms—symphonies, concertos, operas, vocal music, chamber music—he infused his works with poetic lyricism and gave tonal language and forms new vitality. His rich legacy includes such famous compositions as the Adagio for Strings, the orchestral song Knoxville: Summer of 1915, three concertos, and his two operas, the Pulitzer Prize–winning Vanessa and Antony and Cleopatra, a commissioned work that opened the new Metropolitan Opera House at Lincoln Center in New York. Generously documented by letters, sketchbooks, original musical manuscripts, and interviews with friends, colleagues, and performers with whom he worked, this book covers Barber’s entire career and all of his compositions. The biographical material on Barber is closely interspersed with a discussion of his music, displaying Barber’s creative processes at work from his early student compositions to his mature masterpieces. The book also provides the social context in which this major composer grew: his education; how he built his career; the evolving musical tastes of American audiences; his relationship with Gian Carlo Menotti and such musical giants as Serge Koussevitzky, Arturo Toscanini, Vladimir Horowitz; and the role of radio in the promotion of his music. A testament to the significance of neo-Romanticism, Samuel Barber stands as a model biography of an important American musical figure.Less
Samuel Barber (1910–1981) was one of the most important and honored American composers of the twentieth century. Writing in a great variety of musical forms—symphonies, concertos, operas, vocal music, chamber music—he infused his works with poetic lyricism and gave tonal language and forms new vitality. His rich legacy includes such famous compositions as the Adagio for Strings, the orchestral song Knoxville: Summer of 1915, three concertos, and his two operas, the Pulitzer Prize–winning Vanessa and Antony and Cleopatra, a commissioned work that opened the new Metropolitan Opera House at Lincoln Center in New York. Generously documented by letters, sketchbooks, original musical manuscripts, and interviews with friends, colleagues, and performers with whom he worked, this book covers Barber’s entire career and all of his compositions. The biographical material on Barber is closely interspersed with a discussion of his music, displaying Barber’s creative processes at work from his early student compositions to his mature masterpieces. The book also provides the social context in which this major composer grew: his education; how he built his career; the evolving musical tastes of American audiences; his relationship with Gian Carlo Menotti and such musical giants as Serge Koussevitzky, Arturo Toscanini, Vladimir Horowitz; and the role of radio in the promotion of his music. A testament to the significance of neo-Romanticism, Samuel Barber stands as a model biography of an important American musical figure.
Deirdre Coleman
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781786940537
- eISBN:
- 9781789629132
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781786940537.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
Chapter 2 begins with the intellectual stimulus of Smeathman’s voyage through tropical waters to West Africa. His powers of close observation are exercised on creatures such as the polyp, an ...
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Chapter 2 begins with the intellectual stimulus of Smeathman’s voyage through tropical waters to West Africa. His powers of close observation are exercised on creatures such as the polyp, an exemplary case of the plant-animal continuum which was so perplexing to naturalists. Upon arriving at the Isles de Los, Smeathman is affronted by the sights and sounds of slavery. Pity for the enslaved, especially the women nursing babies, is accompanied by admiration of the scale and efficiency of the slave trade’s organization. In comparison his fieldwork equipment looks puny to the slave traders who consider their ‘collections’ to be far more significant, and certainly more profitable.Less
Chapter 2 begins with the intellectual stimulus of Smeathman’s voyage through tropical waters to West Africa. His powers of close observation are exercised on creatures such as the polyp, an exemplary case of the plant-animal continuum which was so perplexing to naturalists. Upon arriving at the Isles de Los, Smeathman is affronted by the sights and sounds of slavery. Pity for the enslaved, especially the women nursing babies, is accompanied by admiration of the scale and efficiency of the slave trade’s organization. In comparison his fieldwork equipment looks puny to the slave traders who consider their ‘collections’ to be far more significant, and certainly more profitable.
Helen Dingwall
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748615674
- eISBN:
- 9780748653355
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748615674.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Scottish Studies
This book commemorates the five-hundredth anniversary of The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. Founded in 1505 it has survived, with difficulty at times, to become one of the leading surgical ...
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This book commemorates the five-hundredth anniversary of The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. Founded in 1505 it has survived, with difficulty at times, to become one of the leading surgical corporations in Britain. The original Charter, or Seal of Cause, set out guidelines for the operation of the Incorporation of Barbers and Surgeons, in particular the requirement to study anatomy and the need for examination at the end of apprenticeship in order to ensure that master surgeons were as well trained as they could be at that time. These same guidelines still influence the aims and objectives of the Royal College of Surgeons, though manifest in very different ways in an age of technology and government regulation of surgical training. The book charts the progress of the institution through five hundred years of change, both in the College itself and in the external local, national, and international contexts. The Incorporation began with very local horizons; it now has a global outlook, with some 17,000 Fellows and Members worldwide, and this history aims to explain and account for the many influences that shaped the College into what it is today.Less
This book commemorates the five-hundredth anniversary of The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. Founded in 1505 it has survived, with difficulty at times, to become one of the leading surgical corporations in Britain. The original Charter, or Seal of Cause, set out guidelines for the operation of the Incorporation of Barbers and Surgeons, in particular the requirement to study anatomy and the need for examination at the end of apprenticeship in order to ensure that master surgeons were as well trained as they could be at that time. These same guidelines still influence the aims and objectives of the Royal College of Surgeons, though manifest in very different ways in an age of technology and government regulation of surgical training. The book charts the progress of the institution through five hundred years of change, both in the College itself and in the external local, national, and international contexts. The Incorporation began with very local horizons; it now has a global outlook, with some 17,000 Fellows and Members worldwide, and this history aims to explain and account for the many influences that shaped the College into what it is today.
P. P. CRAIG
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198256373
- eISBN:
- 9780191681646
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198256373.003.0011
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This chapter considers a radical view of participatory democracy. First, it presents two recent visions of participatory or empowered democracy, those advanced by Barber and Unger. The possibility of ...
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This chapter considers a radical view of participatory democracy. First, it presents two recent visions of participatory or empowered democracy, those advanced by Barber and Unger. The possibility of some form of participatory democracy is a recurring theme amongst critics of pluralism. Second, the enquiry focuses upon the central normative assumptions underlying these theories. It also examines the institutional ordering of the society which is required to effectuate these objectives. It reveals the tension between decentralization and centralization, and questions how far such theories sustain their own claim that society should be open to continual transformation. Third, it discusses the role of public law within participatory democracy, considering the extent to which any role succeeds in avoiding the dilemmas which are said to beset courts under the liberal political theory.Less
This chapter considers a radical view of participatory democracy. First, it presents two recent visions of participatory or empowered democracy, those advanced by Barber and Unger. The possibility of some form of participatory democracy is a recurring theme amongst critics of pluralism. Second, the enquiry focuses upon the central normative assumptions underlying these theories. It also examines the institutional ordering of the society which is required to effectuate these objectives. It reveals the tension between decentralization and centralization, and questions how far such theories sustain their own claim that society should be open to continual transformation. Third, it discusses the role of public law within participatory democracy, considering the extent to which any role succeeds in avoiding the dilemmas which are said to beset courts under the liberal political theory.
Nadine Hubbs
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520241848
- eISBN:
- 9780520937956
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520241848.003.0002
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
This chapter explores the intersections of musical and homosexual identity in twentieth-century American culture. It examines the operative categories and constructs in the cultural and historical ...
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This chapter explores the intersections of musical and homosexual identity in twentieth-century American culture. It examines the operative categories and constructs in the cultural and historical specificity of New York-based gay composers from the 1920s to the 1950s, taking a social-constructionist view of what were often highly essentialized understandings of self and other. It also addresses questions that readily arise from queer identifications of so many celebrated twentieth-century American composers, including Samuel Barber, Leonard Bernstein, and Marc Blitzstein.Less
This chapter explores the intersections of musical and homosexual identity in twentieth-century American culture. It examines the operative categories and constructs in the cultural and historical specificity of New York-based gay composers from the 1920s to the 1950s, taking a social-constructionist view of what were often highly essentialized understandings of self and other. It also addresses questions that readily arise from queer identifications of so many celebrated twentieth-century American composers, including Samuel Barber, Leonard Bernstein, and Marc Blitzstein.
Todd Decker
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780520282322
- eISBN:
- 9780520966543
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520282322.003.0011
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
Oliver Stone’s Platoon (1986) introduced a new sort of movie music resounding across Hollywood war films for the last thirty years: the elegiac register. Composer Samuel Barber’s Adagio for Strings, ...
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Oliver Stone’s Platoon (1986) introduced a new sort of movie music resounding across Hollywood war films for the last thirty years: the elegiac register. Composer Samuel Barber’s Adagio for Strings, heard repeatedly in Platoon, proves the musical source for this slow, strings-only, contrapuntal, harmonious, sad, and mournful music. This chapter describes this new sort of movie music in musical terms and identifies moments in later films when composers model their original scores directly on Barber’s Adagio. Film form often follows musical form when elegiac music is used. Multiple scenes from combat films are described visually and sonically, showing how the elegiac register has been put to varied ends: to foster reflection in combat film audiences, to put a pause on the action, and, most significantly, to frame the repeated images of dead and injured American soldiers’ bodies which lie at the heart of the cultural work done by serious war films in the post-Vietnam era.Less
Oliver Stone’s Platoon (1986) introduced a new sort of movie music resounding across Hollywood war films for the last thirty years: the elegiac register. Composer Samuel Barber’s Adagio for Strings, heard repeatedly in Platoon, proves the musical source for this slow, strings-only, contrapuntal, harmonious, sad, and mournful music. This chapter describes this new sort of movie music in musical terms and identifies moments in later films when composers model their original scores directly on Barber’s Adagio. Film form often follows musical form when elegiac music is used. Multiple scenes from combat films are described visually and sonically, showing how the elegiac register has been put to varied ends: to foster reflection in combat film audiences, to put a pause on the action, and, most significantly, to frame the repeated images of dead and injured American soldiers’ bodies which lie at the heart of the cultural work done by serious war films in the post-Vietnam era.
Dana Sajdi
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780804785327
- eISBN:
- 9780804788281
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804785327.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This book is about a barber, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad Ibn Budayr (fl. 1761), who shaved and coiffed, and probably circumcised and healed, in Damascus in the eighteenth century. The barber wrote a history ...
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This book is about a barber, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad Ibn Budayr (fl. 1761), who shaved and coiffed, and probably circumcised and healed, in Damascus in the eighteenth century. The barber wrote a history book, a chronicle of the events that took place in his city during his lifetime. Examining the “life and work” of Ibn Budayr, the book uncovers the emergence of a larger trend of history writing by unusual authors—people outside the learned establishment—and identifies a new phenomenon: nouveau literacy. In addition to offering a microhistory of the barber and his work, this book discusses the social and literary aspects of nouveau literacy within the context of a changing social, political, and urban topography in the eighteenth-century Levant. Nouveau literacy is about the emergence of authority among various social groups as a result of new material and cultural wealth. Like the barber, the other nouveau literates use their chronicles to display their improved positions and to navigate a new social order. Finally, the book examines a later edition of the barber's history by the nineteenth-century scholar, Muḥammad Sa`īd al-Qāsimī (d. 1900), to show how the editorial interventions by a figure of al-Nahḍa (Arab Renaissance) served to silence the barber's voice.Less
This book is about a barber, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad Ibn Budayr (fl. 1761), who shaved and coiffed, and probably circumcised and healed, in Damascus in the eighteenth century. The barber wrote a history book, a chronicle of the events that took place in his city during his lifetime. Examining the “life and work” of Ibn Budayr, the book uncovers the emergence of a larger trend of history writing by unusual authors—people outside the learned establishment—and identifies a new phenomenon: nouveau literacy. In addition to offering a microhistory of the barber and his work, this book discusses the social and literary aspects of nouveau literacy within the context of a changing social, political, and urban topography in the eighteenth-century Levant. Nouveau literacy is about the emergence of authority among various social groups as a result of new material and cultural wealth. Like the barber, the other nouveau literates use their chronicles to display their improved positions and to navigate a new social order. Finally, the book examines a later edition of the barber's history by the nineteenth-century scholar, Muḥammad Sa`īd al-Qāsimī (d. 1900), to show how the editorial interventions by a figure of al-Nahḍa (Arab Renaissance) served to silence the barber's voice.
Matthew E. Stanley
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252040733
- eISBN:
- 9780252099175
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040733.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
The Introduction presents both the concept of the Loyal West and ties it to broader theory about the reciprocity between collective memory and social power. Emphasizing emancipation, reconciliation, ...
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The Introduction presents both the concept of the Loyal West and ties it to broader theory about the reciprocity between collective memory and social power. Emphasizing emancipation, reconciliation, and the Lost Cause as modes of collective memory, or attempting to devise sweeping national models, I argue that scholars have neglected the vitality and variety of the Unionist memory of the war, particularly with regard to region. Regionalism and political conservatism were central to the creation of the Loyal West, a vein of memory and constellation of ideas that set the stage for postwar political and racial division in the Ohio Valley and influenced how Americans came to construct both the Midwest and a North–South dyadLess
The Introduction presents both the concept of the Loyal West and ties it to broader theory about the reciprocity between collective memory and social power. Emphasizing emancipation, reconciliation, and the Lost Cause as modes of collective memory, or attempting to devise sweeping national models, I argue that scholars have neglected the vitality and variety of the Unionist memory of the war, particularly with regard to region. Regionalism and political conservatism were central to the creation of the Loyal West, a vein of memory and constellation of ideas that set the stage for postwar political and racial division in the Ohio Valley and influenced how Americans came to construct both the Midwest and a North–South dyad
Naomi André
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780252041921
- eISBN:
- 9780252050619
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252041921.003.0006
- Subject:
- Music, Opera
This chapter places Winnie: The Opera (Bongani Ndodana-Breen, Warren Wilensky, and Mfundi Vundla, 2011) in a larger comparative framework that includes the Western opera tradition, opera in the ...
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This chapter places Winnie: The Opera (Bongani Ndodana-Breen, Warren Wilensky, and Mfundi Vundla, 2011) in a larger comparative framework that includes the Western opera tradition, opera in the United States, and the representation of blackness in opera more generally. With a reading of postcolonial and post-apartheid theorists (for example, Homi Bhabha and the “unhomely,” Karin Barber and entextualization, and Sarah Nuttal’s entanglement), this chapter also draws upon the Global South (and global studies) along with transnationalism. This chapter examines events from the opera in Winnie Mandela’s life (torture, the Mandela United Football Club, and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission) as they are characterized musically and in the drama.Less
This chapter places Winnie: The Opera (Bongani Ndodana-Breen, Warren Wilensky, and Mfundi Vundla, 2011) in a larger comparative framework that includes the Western opera tradition, opera in the United States, and the representation of blackness in opera more generally. With a reading of postcolonial and post-apartheid theorists (for example, Homi Bhabha and the “unhomely,” Karin Barber and entextualization, and Sarah Nuttal’s entanglement), this chapter also draws upon the Global South (and global studies) along with transnationalism. This chapter examines events from the opera in Winnie Mandela’s life (torture, the Mandela United Football Club, and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission) as they are characterized musically and in the drama.
Sharon Zukin
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- March 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190083830
- eISBN:
- 9780190083861
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190083830.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Economic Sociology, Culture
New York Tech Meetup emerged in the early 2000s as a formative organization in the city’s innovation ecosystem. Every month, hundreds of mostly young people and a few potential investors come to see ...
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New York Tech Meetup emerged in the early 2000s as a formative organization in the city’s innovation ecosystem. Every month, hundreds of mostly young people and a few potential investors come to see computer coders and startup founders “demo” new apps and platforms they have created. In the 2010s, the tech meetup was joined by other organizations that also claimed to mobilize and speak for New York’s tech “community,” notably, the nonprofit organization Civic Hall, specializing in “civic tech,” and Tech:NYC, a nonprofit industry association. The chapter uses ethnographic observations and interviews with leaders of these organizations to document their efforts to “leverage” the membership for a role in tech policymaking in the city.Less
New York Tech Meetup emerged in the early 2000s as a formative organization in the city’s innovation ecosystem. Every month, hundreds of mostly young people and a few potential investors come to see computer coders and startup founders “demo” new apps and platforms they have created. In the 2010s, the tech meetup was joined by other organizations that also claimed to mobilize and speak for New York’s tech “community,” notably, the nonprofit organization Civic Hall, specializing in “civic tech,” and Tech:NYC, a nonprofit industry association. The chapter uses ethnographic observations and interviews with leaders of these organizations to document their efforts to “leverage” the membership for a role in tech policymaking in the city.
David Bashwiner
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199608157
- eISBN:
- 9780191761225
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199608157.003.0005
- Subject:
- Psychology, Music Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter examines the contribution that traditional music theory and analysis can make to empirical psychological studies of multimedia. Two pieces are examined in detail: Samuel Barber’s Adagio ...
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This chapter examines the contribution that traditional music theory and analysis can make to empirical psychological studies of multimedia. Two pieces are examined in detail: Samuel Barber’s Adagio for Strings, which appears numerous times throughout Oliver Stone’s film Platoon, and the Allegretto from Beethoven’s Seventh Symphony, which accompanies the climactic scene of Tom Hooper’s film The King’s Speech. The dramatic role played by each of these pieces is highly complex, this chapter argues, and thus not entirely captured by the sorts of descriptors commonly employed in empirical studies, such as ‘sadness’ and ‘positive mood.’ Fully understanding a musical excerpt’s dramatic role in a multimedia context—including interactions with spoken text and camerawork—in many cases requires detailed analysis of musical structure. This chapter aims to inform readers of the value of musical analysis for the study of multimedia and to illustrate instances in which musico-structural analysis clearly contributes to dramatic interpretation.Less
This chapter examines the contribution that traditional music theory and analysis can make to empirical psychological studies of multimedia. Two pieces are examined in detail: Samuel Barber’s Adagio for Strings, which appears numerous times throughout Oliver Stone’s film Platoon, and the Allegretto from Beethoven’s Seventh Symphony, which accompanies the climactic scene of Tom Hooper’s film The King’s Speech. The dramatic role played by each of these pieces is highly complex, this chapter argues, and thus not entirely captured by the sorts of descriptors commonly employed in empirical studies, such as ‘sadness’ and ‘positive mood.’ Fully understanding a musical excerpt’s dramatic role in a multimedia context—including interactions with spoken text and camerawork—in many cases requires detailed analysis of musical structure. This chapter aims to inform readers of the value of musical analysis for the study of multimedia and to illustrate instances in which musico-structural analysis clearly contributes to dramatic interpretation.
Michael Bundock
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780300207101
- eISBN:
- 9780300213904
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300207101.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This compelling book chronicles a young boy’s journey from the horrors of Jamaican slavery to the heart of London’s literary world, and reveals the unlikely friendship that changed his life. Francis ...
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This compelling book chronicles a young boy’s journey from the horrors of Jamaican slavery to the heart of London’s literary world, and reveals the unlikely friendship that changed his life. Francis Barber, born in Jamaica, was brought to London by his owner in 1750 and became a servant in the household of the renowned Dr. Samuel Johnson. Although Barber left London for a time and served in the British navy during the Seven Years’ War, he later returned to Johnson’s employ. A fascinating reversal took place in the relationship between the two men as Johnson’s health declined and the older man came to rely more and more upon his now educated and devoted companion. When Johnson died he left the bulk of his estate to Barber, a generous (and at the time scandalous) legacy, and a testament to the depth of their friendship. There were thousands of black Britons in the eighteenth century, but few accounts of their lives exist. In uncovering Barber’s story, this book not only provides insights into his life and Johnson’s but also opens a window onto London when slaves had yet to win their freedom.Less
This compelling book chronicles a young boy’s journey from the horrors of Jamaican slavery to the heart of London’s literary world, and reveals the unlikely friendship that changed his life. Francis Barber, born in Jamaica, was brought to London by his owner in 1750 and became a servant in the household of the renowned Dr. Samuel Johnson. Although Barber left London for a time and served in the British navy during the Seven Years’ War, he later returned to Johnson’s employ. A fascinating reversal took place in the relationship between the two men as Johnson’s health declined and the older man came to rely more and more upon his now educated and devoted companion. When Johnson died he left the bulk of his estate to Barber, a generous (and at the time scandalous) legacy, and a testament to the depth of their friendship. There were thousands of black Britons in the eighteenth century, but few accounts of their lives exist. In uncovering Barber’s story, this book not only provides insights into his life and Johnson’s but also opens a window onto London when slaves had yet to win their freedom.
