Larry Gragg
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199253890
- eISBN:
- 9780191719806
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199253890.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This book challenges the notion that the 17th-century English planters of Barbados were architects of a social disaster. These planters were not simply profligate, immoral, and grasping capitalists ...
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This book challenges the notion that the 17th-century English planters of Barbados were architects of a social disaster. These planters were not simply profligate, immoral, and grasping capitalists who exploited their servants and slaves in a quest for quick riches in the cultivation of sugar. To be sure, they quickly transformed the island's economy from one of semi-subsistence to the most successful plantation economy in the seventeenth-century English empire. Yet, they, like English emigrants to other regions in the empire, transplanted many familiar governmental, religious, and legal institutions; eagerly started families; sought to abide by traditional views about the social order; and resisted compromises in their diet, apparel, and housing, despite their tropical setting. In short, they were more than rapacious entrepreneurs. Seldom becoming absentee planters, these Englishmen developed an extraordinary attraction to Barbados, where they saw themselves, as one group of planters explained in a petition, as ‘being Englishmen transplanted’. The book draws heavily upon material from the Public Record Office and the Barbados Archives.Less
This book challenges the notion that the 17th-century English planters of Barbados were architects of a social disaster. These planters were not simply profligate, immoral, and grasping capitalists who exploited their servants and slaves in a quest for quick riches in the cultivation of sugar. To be sure, they quickly transformed the island's economy from one of semi-subsistence to the most successful plantation economy in the seventeenth-century English empire. Yet, they, like English emigrants to other regions in the empire, transplanted many familiar governmental, religious, and legal institutions; eagerly started families; sought to abide by traditional views about the social order; and resisted compromises in their diet, apparel, and housing, despite their tropical setting. In short, they were more than rapacious entrepreneurs. Seldom becoming absentee planters, these Englishmen developed an extraordinary attraction to Barbados, where they saw themselves, as one group of planters explained in a petition, as ‘being Englishmen transplanted’. The book draws heavily upon material from the Public Record Office and the Barbados Archives.
LARRY GRAGG
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199253890
- eISBN:
- 9780191719806
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199253890.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This introductory chapter places this study in the context of previous work done by historians on early Barbados. Because the argument of the book is focused on how settlers on Barbados sought to ...
More
This introductory chapter places this study in the context of previous work done by historians on early Barbados. Because the argument of the book is focused on how settlers on Barbados sought to transplant their culture to a tropical setting, it also examines the nature of what it meant to be English in the early 17th century. Several traits in England — geographic mobility, a concern with disorder, anti-Catholicism, faith in the common law, and a strong sense of localism — all were evident in Barbados in the 17th century. The Introduction also identifies the nature of the source material consulted for the book and an outline of the subsequent chapters.Less
This introductory chapter places this study in the context of previous work done by historians on early Barbados. Because the argument of the book is focused on how settlers on Barbados sought to transplant their culture to a tropical setting, it also examines the nature of what it meant to be English in the early 17th century. Several traits in England — geographic mobility, a concern with disorder, anti-Catholicism, faith in the common law, and a strong sense of localism — all were evident in Barbados in the 17th century. The Introduction also identifies the nature of the source material consulted for the book and an outline of the subsequent chapters.
Mary Chamberlain
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719078767
- eISBN:
- 9781781701997
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719078767.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
This book examines the processes of nation building in the British West Indies. It argues that nation building was a complex and messy affair, involving women and men in a range of social and ...
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This book examines the processes of nation building in the British West Indies. It argues that nation building was a complex and messy affair, involving women and men in a range of social and cultural activities, in a variety of migratory settings, within a unique geo-political context. Taking as a case study Barbados, which, in the 1930s, was the most economically impoverished, racially divided, socially disadvantaged and politically conservative of the British West Indian colonies, the book tells the messy, multiple stories of how a colony progressed to a nation. It tells all sides of the independence story.Less
This book examines the processes of nation building in the British West Indies. It argues that nation building was a complex and messy affair, involving women and men in a range of social and cultural activities, in a variety of migratory settings, within a unique geo-political context. Taking as a case study Barbados, which, in the 1930s, was the most economically impoverished, racially divided, socially disadvantaged and politically conservative of the British West Indian colonies, the book tells the messy, multiple stories of how a colony progressed to a nation. It tells all sides of the independence story.
Peter Brock (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195151220
- eISBN:
- 9780199870424
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195151224.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
Three documents are presented, with an introductory text, illustrating the treatment of Quakers as conscientious objectors in the West Indies (under English rule) in the second half of the ...
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Three documents are presented, with an introductory text, illustrating the treatment of Quakers as conscientious objectors in the West Indies (under English rule) in the second half of the seventeenth and early part of the eighteenth centuries. The documents relate to militia sufferings in Barbados, 1678–86, and Jamaica, 1683–91, and to alternative service and the Quakers of Antigua.Less
Three documents are presented, with an introductory text, illustrating the treatment of Quakers as conscientious objectors in the West Indies (under English rule) in the second half of the seventeenth and early part of the eighteenth centuries. The documents relate to militia sufferings in Barbados, 1678–86, and Jamaica, 1683–91, and to alternative service and the Quakers of Antigua.
Miles Ogborn
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226655925
- eISBN:
- 9780226657714
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226657714.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
This book asks what the act of talking meant in a society based on racialized slavery? The answer involves understanding the power of speech as central to eighteenth-century Europeans’ definitions of ...
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This book asks what the act of talking meant in a society based on racialized slavery? The answer involves understanding the power of speech as central to eighteenth-century Europeans’ definitions of what it was to be human, and therefore to determining who could be enslaved and what it was to be free. Pursuing this across five substantive chapters, the book examines in detail the ways in which talk of many kinds – by slaveholders and the enslaved in Barbados, Jamaica, and across the Atlantic world – worked in practice within the law, politics, natural knowledge, spiritual beliefs, and the movements for abolition and emancipation. Evidence comes from a wide range of manuscript and print collections in the Caribbean, North America, and Britain to provide a close examination of forms of talk that demonstrates that attempts to control speech practices – such as oath taking in the courts, political debating in the colonial assemblies, and ways of calling upon supernatural powers (including both European religion and practices of obeah among the enslaved) – were vital to the power of slaveholders. Yet the fact that talk is always open, slippery, and ephemeral – and a powerful practice of the enslaved as well as the enslavers – meant that its various uses undermined as well as underpinned the system of slavery. Through this focus on talk the book develops a new theoretical basis for understanding the relationships between space, power, meaning, and performance in the understanding of imperial and global history and geography.Less
This book asks what the act of talking meant in a society based on racialized slavery? The answer involves understanding the power of speech as central to eighteenth-century Europeans’ definitions of what it was to be human, and therefore to determining who could be enslaved and what it was to be free. Pursuing this across five substantive chapters, the book examines in detail the ways in which talk of many kinds – by slaveholders and the enslaved in Barbados, Jamaica, and across the Atlantic world – worked in practice within the law, politics, natural knowledge, spiritual beliefs, and the movements for abolition and emancipation. Evidence comes from a wide range of manuscript and print collections in the Caribbean, North America, and Britain to provide a close examination of forms of talk that demonstrates that attempts to control speech practices – such as oath taking in the courts, political debating in the colonial assemblies, and ways of calling upon supernatural powers (including both European religion and practices of obeah among the enslaved) – were vital to the power of slaveholders. Yet the fact that talk is always open, slippery, and ephemeral – and a powerful practice of the enslaved as well as the enslavers – meant that its various uses undermined as well as underpinned the system of slavery. Through this focus on talk the book develops a new theoretical basis for understanding the relationships between space, power, meaning, and performance in the understanding of imperial and global history and geography.
Susan Harewood and John Hunte (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780813034676
- eISBN:
- 9780813046303
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813034676.003.0018
- Subject:
- Music, Dance
Susan Harewood and John Hunte reveal a wealth of information and insight about how the range of Barbados dance and policy on that island helps form identities, from the historical dances, to efforts ...
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Susan Harewood and John Hunte reveal a wealth of information and insight about how the range of Barbados dance and policy on that island helps form identities, from the historical dances, to efforts after independence to use dance to promote nation building, to developing the government-funded Barbados Dance Theatre Company, to that uniquely Barbadian organization, the Landship. Issues of class, of who gets government subsidy, of emphasis on the African-derived or European-derived come to the fore within their framing question of decency and indecency. The wukking up to soca and calypso at Crop Over, Barbados' carnival season, is contrasted with a resurgence of ballroom dancing, liturgical dance, and new dance companies.Less
Susan Harewood and John Hunte reveal a wealth of information and insight about how the range of Barbados dance and policy on that island helps form identities, from the historical dances, to efforts after independence to use dance to promote nation building, to developing the government-funded Barbados Dance Theatre Company, to that uniquely Barbadian organization, the Landship. Issues of class, of who gets government subsidy, of emphasis on the African-derived or European-derived come to the fore within their framing question of decency and indecency. The wukking up to soca and calypso at Crop Over, Barbados' carnival season, is contrasted with a resurgence of ballroom dancing, liturgical dance, and new dance companies.
Anthony P. Maingot
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813061061
- eISBN:
- 9780813051345
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813061061.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
Race, Ideology and the Decline of Caribbeanx Marxism approaches the Caribbean from a multidisciplinary and comparative perspective. Its primary focus throughout is on the complex counterpoint between ...
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Race, Ideology and the Decline of Caribbeanx Marxism approaches the Caribbean from a multidisciplinary and comparative perspective. Its primary focus throughout is on the complex counterpoint between race and ideology in the region. The initial theoretical prologue introduces and explains the concept of “modern-conservative” societies, drawing on a balance of Marxian radical and Burkean conservative ideas. The chapters that follow represent some of the fundamental debates in Caribbean studies including topics such as Caribbean historical fundamentals, slave laws and subsequent race relations, and U.S. colonialism in Puerto Rico—each of which is dealt comparatively by treating the works of six celebrated Caribbean intellectual-polticians. The role of race and revolution in Haiti is analyzed from both historical and comtemporary perspectives. The book ends with chapters that describe, first, a model small state, Barbados, which has steadfastly stuck to its inherited British parliamentary institutions and practices, and, second, Cuba, a state struggling to overcome five decades of economic underdevelopment. A brief conclusion calls attention to the two major challenges facing all the states in the region: the onslaught of drug-related crime, threats emanating from organized crime, and the continual deficit in energy resources.Less
Race, Ideology and the Decline of Caribbeanx Marxism approaches the Caribbean from a multidisciplinary and comparative perspective. Its primary focus throughout is on the complex counterpoint between race and ideology in the region. The initial theoretical prologue introduces and explains the concept of “modern-conservative” societies, drawing on a balance of Marxian radical and Burkean conservative ideas. The chapters that follow represent some of the fundamental debates in Caribbean studies including topics such as Caribbean historical fundamentals, slave laws and subsequent race relations, and U.S. colonialism in Puerto Rico—each of which is dealt comparatively by treating the works of six celebrated Caribbean intellectual-polticians. The role of race and revolution in Haiti is analyzed from both historical and comtemporary perspectives. The book ends with chapters that describe, first, a model small state, Barbados, which has steadfastly stuck to its inherited British parliamentary institutions and practices, and, second, Cuba, a state struggling to overcome five decades of economic underdevelopment. A brief conclusion calls attention to the two major challenges facing all the states in the region: the onslaught of drug-related crime, threats emanating from organized crime, and the continual deficit in energy resources.
Trevor Burnard
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226286105
- eISBN:
- 9780226286242
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226286242.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
Using British author Daniel Defoe and his novel Colonial Jack as a guide to the transition to the large integrated plantation in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century, this chapter ...
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Using British author Daniel Defoe and his novel Colonial Jack as a guide to the transition to the large integrated plantation in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century, this chapter insists that there was a connection between the military revolution of this period and what historians have considered to be a plantation revolution, in which white men moved to become overseers and plantation employees. This transition happened first in Barbados in the 1650s. It was slow to happen elsewhere, mainly because ordinary white men had other options they preferred to do rather than do the difficult work of disciplining slaves. Jamaica provides a case study of how this process worked. Before 1700, ordinary white men liked to be privateers or working in Port Royal rather than be plantation employees. But as other options declined, they became prepared to be overseers of employed in gang labor. At the same time, white men stopped being servants and the majority of plantation labor started to be done by slaves. Unlike previous interpretations of this transition, economic rather than racial reasons are advanced for why white men became willing to become overseers.Less
Using British author Daniel Defoe and his novel Colonial Jack as a guide to the transition to the large integrated plantation in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century, this chapter insists that there was a connection between the military revolution of this period and what historians have considered to be a plantation revolution, in which white men moved to become overseers and plantation employees. This transition happened first in Barbados in the 1650s. It was slow to happen elsewhere, mainly because ordinary white men had other options they preferred to do rather than do the difficult work of disciplining slaves. Jamaica provides a case study of how this process worked. Before 1700, ordinary white men liked to be privateers or working in Port Royal rather than be plantation employees. But as other options declined, they became prepared to be overseers of employed in gang labor. At the same time, white men stopped being servants and the majority of plantation labor started to be done by slaves. Unlike previous interpretations of this transition, economic rather than racial reasons are advanced for why white men became willing to become overseers.
Opal Moore
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781604732740
- eISBN:
- 9781604734713
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781604732740.003.0027
- Subject:
- Literature, African-American Literature
This chapter describes how a woman offered wintergreen to the Wintergreen Women. The group went to Barbados for their twentieth-anniversary meeting and Carmen, one of the Wintergreen Women, unable to ...
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This chapter describes how a woman offered wintergreen to the Wintergreen Women. The group went to Barbados for their twentieth-anniversary meeting and Carmen, one of the Wintergreen Women, unable to join them, had arranged for a poetry reading with a group of local poets. The woman’s simple offering of wintergreen—its sheer poetry and the surprise, in particular—delighted Opal Moore. The gesture was what mattered, not whatever it was that this certain woman would actually bring. Moore remembered the old women of her childhood who kept coins and single bills tied in handkerchiefs, or knotted in the sleeves of their white dresses. They gave careful gifts. She recalled how it felt to wait for the giving, and how it felt to receive something so small, flesh-warm, so full of the act of giving itself. These were the ways of women, the ways of self-healing, of women carrying to one another small gestures of goodwill, of caring, of intuition, of knowing the myriad small-coin offerings required to carry them daily from sunrise to sunset.Less
This chapter describes how a woman offered wintergreen to the Wintergreen Women. The group went to Barbados for their twentieth-anniversary meeting and Carmen, one of the Wintergreen Women, unable to join them, had arranged for a poetry reading with a group of local poets. The woman’s simple offering of wintergreen—its sheer poetry and the surprise, in particular—delighted Opal Moore. The gesture was what mattered, not whatever it was that this certain woman would actually bring. Moore remembered the old women of her childhood who kept coins and single bills tied in handkerchiefs, or knotted in the sleeves of their white dresses. They gave careful gifts. She recalled how it felt to wait for the giving, and how it felt to receive something so small, flesh-warm, so full of the act of giving itself. These were the ways of women, the ways of self-healing, of women carrying to one another small gestures of goodwill, of caring, of intuition, of knowing the myriad small-coin offerings required to carry them daily from sunrise to sunset.
Travis Glasson
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199773961
- eISBN:
- 9780199919017
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199773961.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
Between 1710 and 1838, the SPG owned a Barbados sugar plantation and hundreds of enslaved people. Its donor intended Codrington plantation to fund the creation and maintenance of a college. The ...
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Between 1710 and 1838, the SPG owned a Barbados sugar plantation and hundreds of enslaved people. Its donor intended Codrington plantation to fund the creation and maintenance of a college. The Society also took it as an opportunity to demonstrate to other slave owners that enslaved people could be converted to Christianity and still produce profits. This chapter examines missionary encounters on Codrington in the eighteenth century. Using demographic information and a combination of business records and missionary reports, it shows how enslaved people on the plantation largely rejected efforts to convert them because the Society’s mastership permeated religious exchanges and because the estate’s largely African-born population retained their own religious and cultural traditions. In this way, this chapter reveals the harshness of life for enslaved people on Codrington and the way that they exercised control over their own cultural and religious lives.Less
Between 1710 and 1838, the SPG owned a Barbados sugar plantation and hundreds of enslaved people. Its donor intended Codrington plantation to fund the creation and maintenance of a college. The Society also took it as an opportunity to demonstrate to other slave owners that enslaved people could be converted to Christianity and still produce profits. This chapter examines missionary encounters on Codrington in the eighteenth century. Using demographic information and a combination of business records and missionary reports, it shows how enslaved people on the plantation largely rejected efforts to convert them because the Society’s mastership permeated religious exchanges and because the estate’s largely African-born population retained their own religious and cultural traditions. In this way, this chapter reveals the harshness of life for enslaved people on Codrington and the way that they exercised control over their own cultural and religious lives.
David Brown
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781526131997
- eISBN:
- 9781526152107
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7765/9781526132000.00008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Chapter 1 is a survey of English and Irish enterprises in the Atlantic, 1620–41, that led to the emergence of the merchant oligarchy that became the leadership of the Adventure for Irish land in ...
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Chapter 1 is a survey of English and Irish enterprises in the Atlantic, 1620–41, that led to the emergence of the merchant oligarchy that became the leadership of the Adventure for Irish land in 1642. The emergence of Ireland, particularly Munster, as a provisioning stop for traders between Europe and the Americas is examined, as is the network of ship owners that managed the provisioning and servant trade between the two regions. A hierarchy of peers and their merchant contractors developed that was active across all of the Atlantic colonies from Newfoundland to Providence Island in the Western Caribbean.Less
Chapter 1 is a survey of English and Irish enterprises in the Atlantic, 1620–41, that led to the emergence of the merchant oligarchy that became the leadership of the Adventure for Irish land in 1642. The emergence of Ireland, particularly Munster, as a provisioning stop for traders between Europe and the Americas is examined, as is the network of ship owners that managed the provisioning and servant trade between the two regions. A hierarchy of peers and their merchant contractors developed that was active across all of the Atlantic colonies from Newfoundland to Providence Island in the Western Caribbean.
David Brown
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781526131997
- eISBN:
- 9781526152107
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7765/9781526132000.00013
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
In the wake of the execution of Charles I, the Adventurers gained control over the Council of State’s external trade policy, culminating in the adoption of the Navigation Act of 1651. In swift ...
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In the wake of the execution of Charles I, the Adventurers gained control over the Council of State’s external trade policy, culminating in the adoption of the Navigation Act of 1651. In swift succession, they arranged finance and logistics for Cromwell’s conquest of Ireland and parliament’s reducing of the Atlantic colonies. The Caribbean plantations were converted to sugar production and the Adventurers took a leading role in adapting these plantations to the African slave trade. This chapter demonstrates that a core group of merchants dominated the greater part of England’s foreign trade, state finance and state expenditure. They had developed an integrated fiscal state and were thus able to project considerable political influence as well as profiting enormously from these activities.Less
In the wake of the execution of Charles I, the Adventurers gained control over the Council of State’s external trade policy, culminating in the adoption of the Navigation Act of 1651. In swift succession, they arranged finance and logistics for Cromwell’s conquest of Ireland and parliament’s reducing of the Atlantic colonies. The Caribbean plantations were converted to sugar production and the Adventurers took a leading role in adapting these plantations to the African slave trade. This chapter demonstrates that a core group of merchants dominated the greater part of England’s foreign trade, state finance and state expenditure. They had developed an integrated fiscal state and were thus able to project considerable political influence as well as profiting enormously from these activities.
Susanna Sloat
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780813034676
- eISBN:
- 9780813046303
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813034676.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Dance
This book tells how Caribbean dance is shaped by cultures mixing Africa and Europe and sometimes Asia in a new world. Many authors are cultural leaders on the islands, while others live elsewhere, ...
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This book tells how Caribbean dance is shaped by cultures mixing Africa and Europe and sometimes Asia in a new world. Many authors are cultural leaders on the islands, while others live elsewhere, but have spent years steeped in island cultures.? It starts with connective chapters, on calypso and wining for the Anglophone Caribbean, and on how the French and enslaved Africans spread dances throughout the Caribbean. Cuban chapters focus on the Haitian-influenced culture of Eastern Cuba, Arará and its connection to Africa, a memoir from the father of Cuban modern dance, Africanness, and a search for the roots of international ballroom rumba. It has a comprehensive look at the context and content of Jamaican folkloric dance, one on the inventors of Jamaican dancehall dance and the dances, and a Ghanian take on the Jamaican ritual tradition of Kumina. There are chapters on the Dominican misterios, the subculture of Dominican son, on dancing stars on Dominican television, and on contemporary Haitian choreographers. It includes the history of Puerto Rican experimental dancemakers, the quadrille and bele of Dominica, the personalities of St. Lucia seen through its dances, and also on dance in Barbados and how it has helped create a national identity, on the Big Drum of Carriacou, on the intertwined history of Trinidad and Tobago and its dance, and on the dance traditions of the Indians of Trinidad, from ritual Ramdilla to secular chutney.Less
This book tells how Caribbean dance is shaped by cultures mixing Africa and Europe and sometimes Asia in a new world. Many authors are cultural leaders on the islands, while others live elsewhere, but have spent years steeped in island cultures.? It starts with connective chapters, on calypso and wining for the Anglophone Caribbean, and on how the French and enslaved Africans spread dances throughout the Caribbean. Cuban chapters focus on the Haitian-influenced culture of Eastern Cuba, Arará and its connection to Africa, a memoir from the father of Cuban modern dance, Africanness, and a search for the roots of international ballroom rumba. It has a comprehensive look at the context and content of Jamaican folkloric dance, one on the inventors of Jamaican dancehall dance and the dances, and a Ghanian take on the Jamaican ritual tradition of Kumina. There are chapters on the Dominican misterios, the subculture of Dominican son, on dancing stars on Dominican television, and on contemporary Haitian choreographers. It includes the history of Puerto Rican experimental dancemakers, the quadrille and bele of Dominica, the personalities of St. Lucia seen through its dances, and also on dance in Barbados and how it has helped create a national identity, on the Big Drum of Carriacou, on the intertwined history of Trinidad and Tobago and its dance, and on the dance traditions of the Indians of Trinidad, from ritual Ramdilla to secular chutney.
Nicholas J. Evans
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781474473781
- eISBN:
- 9781474491273
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474473781.003.0003
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Scottish Studies
The headstones and epitaphs marking the death of English, Scottish, Welsh, and Irish settlers on the Caribbean island of Barbados provide one of the earliest and most complete examples of British ...
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The headstones and epitaphs marking the death of English, Scottish, Welsh, and Irish settlers on the Caribbean island of Barbados provide one of the earliest and most complete examples of British death culture overseas. Whilst the island was dominated by plantation slavery during the period in question, the surviving memorials from this period reveal little trace of the chattel slavery that made the island of great geopolitical importance to the British Empire. Instead the memorials examined here demonstrate a deep attachment to the ‘English’ identities of those who died in diaspora. The chapter compares such death culture with that of Jewish settlement on the island, a stream of evidence that demonstrates the island was a sanctuary for Jewish men, women and children from numerous countries during the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.Less
The headstones and epitaphs marking the death of English, Scottish, Welsh, and Irish settlers on the Caribbean island of Barbados provide one of the earliest and most complete examples of British death culture overseas. Whilst the island was dominated by plantation slavery during the period in question, the surviving memorials from this period reveal little trace of the chattel slavery that made the island of great geopolitical importance to the British Empire. Instead the memorials examined here demonstrate a deep attachment to the ‘English’ identities of those who died in diaspora. The chapter compares such death culture with that of Jewish settlement on the island, a stream of evidence that demonstrates the island was a sanctuary for Jewish men, women and children from numerous countries during the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Lisa L. Moore, Joanna Brooks, and Caroline Wigginton (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199743483
- eISBN:
- 9780190252830
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199743483.003.0011
- Subject:
- Literature, American, 18th Century and Early American Literature, Women's Literature
As a young woman, Martha Fowke Sansom was fascinated with seventeenth-century French novels that celebrated Platonic love. She wrote her first love poems for her father’s mistresses and published ...
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As a young woman, Martha Fowke Sansom was fascinated with seventeenth-century French novels that celebrated Platonic love. She wrote her first love poems for her father’s mistresses and published several of them beginning in 1711. In 1720, Sansom published Epistles of Clio and Strephon, a romantic poetic correspondence with a man named William Bond. At the age of 34, she wrote her autobiography, Clio: or, a Secret History of the Life and Amours of the Late Celebrated Mrs. S-n—m. Written by Herself, in a Letter to Hillarius. Many of Sansom’s love poems were addressed to her lover Nicholas Hope who lived in Barbados. This chapter features one of Sansom’s poems, “On being charged with Writing incorrectly” (1710).Less
As a young woman, Martha Fowke Sansom was fascinated with seventeenth-century French novels that celebrated Platonic love. She wrote her first love poems for her father’s mistresses and published several of them beginning in 1711. In 1720, Sansom published Epistles of Clio and Strephon, a romantic poetic correspondence with a man named William Bond. At the age of 34, she wrote her autobiography, Clio: or, a Secret History of the Life and Amours of the Late Celebrated Mrs. S-n—m. Written by Herself, in a Letter to Hillarius. Many of Sansom’s love poems were addressed to her lover Nicholas Hope who lived in Barbados. This chapter features one of Sansom’s poems, “On being charged with Writing incorrectly” (1710).
Michael J. Monahan
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823234493
- eISBN:
- 9780823240715
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823234493.003.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
W. E. B. Du Bois famously said that “the problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color-line.” To be sure, the racial climate of the United States in 1903 was quite different from that ...
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W. E. B. Du Bois famously said that “the problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color-line.” To be sure, the racial climate of the United States in 1903 was quite different from that of 2003, and while the author would not wish to deny the real progress toward racial justice that has been achieved in the last hundred years, including the election of a president of African descent in the United States, it is clear that there remains much room for improvement. This book explores some of the central themes, and central sites of confusion, in contemporary discourse on race and racism as well as the role of history in dealing with such questions. The specific historical focus of this inquiry is the Caribbean island of Barbados during the latter half of the seventeenth century and the status of the Irish during this historical period. The book also examines the politics of polity and the relation between whiteness and anti-racism.Less
W. E. B. Du Bois famously said that “the problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color-line.” To be sure, the racial climate of the United States in 1903 was quite different from that of 2003, and while the author would not wish to deny the real progress toward racial justice that has been achieved in the last hundred years, including the election of a president of African descent in the United States, it is clear that there remains much room for improvement. This book explores some of the central themes, and central sites of confusion, in contemporary discourse on race and racism as well as the role of history in dealing with such questions. The specific historical focus of this inquiry is the Caribbean island of Barbados during the latter half of the seventeenth century and the status of the Irish during this historical period. The book also examines the politics of polity and the relation between whiteness and anti-racism.
Michael J. Monahan
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823234493
- eISBN:
- 9780823240715
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823234493.003.0003
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
The history of the Irish in the colonial Caribbean was important in the emerging racial landscape of the time. As they did later in North America, the Irish in the early colonial Caribbean occupied a ...
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The history of the Irish in the colonial Caribbean was important in the emerging racial landscape of the time. As they did later in North America, the Irish in the early colonial Caribbean occupied a very ambiguous position in the racial hierarchy, and one that, again as would be the case in the United States, changed substantially over the course of a generation or two. Aside from any number of important historical and sociological issues raised by this phenomenon, it also points toward crucial philosophical questions regarding the ontology of race, the workings of racial oppression, and the relation between the two. A close examination of the early period of Irish servitude in Barbados will help to illuminate the central themes and problems with which this book contends. This book offers an account of racial ontology as it relates both to the phenomenon of racism and to the understanding and interpretation of history.Less
The history of the Irish in the colonial Caribbean was important in the emerging racial landscape of the time. As they did later in North America, the Irish in the early colonial Caribbean occupied a very ambiguous position in the racial hierarchy, and one that, again as would be the case in the United States, changed substantially over the course of a generation or two. Aside from any number of important historical and sociological issues raised by this phenomenon, it also points toward crucial philosophical questions regarding the ontology of race, the workings of racial oppression, and the relation between the two. A close examination of the early period of Irish servitude in Barbados will help to illuminate the central themes and problems with which this book contends. This book offers an account of racial ontology as it relates both to the phenomenon of racism and to the understanding and interpretation of history.
Thomas D. Wilson
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469628905
- eISBN:
- 9781469626307
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469628905.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Political History
This chapter examines the implementation of the Grand Model in the context of frontier realities. The Fundamental Constitutions provided for slavery in Carolina, but it did not envision the emergence ...
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This chapter examines the implementation of the Grand Model in the context of frontier realities. The Fundamental Constitutions provided for slavery in Carolina, but it did not envision the emergence of a slave society (i.e., one in which the society is largely structured around an enslaved labor force). Colonists from Barbados brought slave society with them, and as they gained political power in Carolina they altered the social hierarchy and eliminated the ideal of reciprocity of benefits among social classes. A new model emerged that blended idealistic elements of the Grand Model with the existing model of Barbadian slave society. That model would become a template for development across the Deep South.Less
This chapter examines the implementation of the Grand Model in the context of frontier realities. The Fundamental Constitutions provided for slavery in Carolina, but it did not envision the emergence of a slave society (i.e., one in which the society is largely structured around an enslaved labor force). Colonists from Barbados brought slave society with them, and as they gained political power in Carolina they altered the social hierarchy and eliminated the ideal of reciprocity of benefits among social classes. A new model emerged that blended idealistic elements of the Grand Model with the existing model of Barbadian slave society. That model would become a template for development across the Deep South.
Colin Pengelly
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813033136
- eISBN:
- 9780813038780
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813033136.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This chapter examines the ups and downs in the career of Admiral Samuel Hood. It suggests that the four months that stretched from his return to Barbados on 5 December to the Battle of the Saintes on ...
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This chapter examines the ups and downs in the career of Admiral Samuel Hood. It suggests that the four months that stretched from his return to Barbados on 5 December to the Battle of the Saintes on 12 April 1782 were the high point of his professional career. It was during this period that Hood was able to build his reputation and demonstrate the talents he possessed that he failed to show during the first day of the Battle of the Chesapeake. It discusses Hood's reaction to criticisms about his action or inaction at Chesapeake and highlights his success at the Battles of St. Kitts and Saintes.Less
This chapter examines the ups and downs in the career of Admiral Samuel Hood. It suggests that the four months that stretched from his return to Barbados on 5 December to the Battle of the Saintes on 12 April 1782 were the high point of his professional career. It was during this period that Hood was able to build his reputation and demonstrate the talents he possessed that he failed to show during the first day of the Battle of the Chesapeake. It discusses Hood's reaction to criticisms about his action or inaction at Chesapeake and highlights his success at the Battles of St. Kitts and Saintes.
Mary Chamberlain
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719078767
- eISBN:
- 9781781701997
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719078767.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
Barbados was one of the poorest of the British West Indian colonies with deplorable public health and high rates of infant, malnutrition and child mortality. The wages were also the lowest in the ...
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Barbados was one of the poorest of the British West Indian colonies with deplorable public health and high rates of infant, malnutrition and child mortality. The wages were also the lowest in the region which reflected the stinginess of the sugar plantation owners, who also tied plantation labourers to the plantation by linking employment with land rental. There was no assistance or public relief for the unemployed and thus the combined effect of low wages and no unemployment benefits often resulted in subsidising kin in times of hardship, an additional expense that aggravated their own impoverished conditions. The central tool for the British to combat the poverty in Barbados was the Colonial Development and Welfare Fund which was set up by the Colonial Office and was answerable to the British Treasury. However, the Colonial Office and the respective governors were reluctant to challenge the grip of planters over the economy and hardly drew up any alternative forms of economic development or organising and increasing agricultural production.Less
Barbados was one of the poorest of the British West Indian colonies with deplorable public health and high rates of infant, malnutrition and child mortality. The wages were also the lowest in the region which reflected the stinginess of the sugar plantation owners, who also tied plantation labourers to the plantation by linking employment with land rental. There was no assistance or public relief for the unemployed and thus the combined effect of low wages and no unemployment benefits often resulted in subsidising kin in times of hardship, an additional expense that aggravated their own impoverished conditions. The central tool for the British to combat the poverty in Barbados was the Colonial Development and Welfare Fund which was set up by the Colonial Office and was answerable to the British Treasury. However, the Colonial Office and the respective governors were reluctant to challenge the grip of planters over the economy and hardly drew up any alternative forms of economic development or organising and increasing agricultural production.
