Paul Kincaid
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780252041013
- eISBN:
- 9780252099564
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252041013.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
This is the first book-length study of the entire oeuvre of Scottish novelist Iain Banks. While it concentrates on the science fiction as by Iain M. Banks, in particular his novels of the Culture, it ...
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This is the first book-length study of the entire oeuvre of Scottish novelist Iain Banks. While it concentrates on the science fiction as by Iain M. Banks, in particular his novels of the Culture, it demonstrates stylistic, structural, thematic and political links between these and the supposedly realist novels. It places his work in the context of contemporary Scottish literature, the Scottish fantastic, looks at his deliberate overturning of the usual cultural and political norms associated with space opera, and proposes that the Culture novels contain a counter-narrative to the usual utopian readings.Less
This is the first book-length study of the entire oeuvre of Scottish novelist Iain Banks. While it concentrates on the science fiction as by Iain M. Banks, in particular his novels of the Culture, it demonstrates stylistic, structural, thematic and political links between these and the supposedly realist novels. It places his work in the context of contemporary Scottish literature, the Scottish fantastic, looks at his deliberate overturning of the usual cultural and political norms associated with space opera, and proposes that the Culture novels contain a counter-narrative to the usual utopian readings.
Charles M. Kahn and João A. C. Santos
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- August 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199271405
- eISBN:
- 9780191601200
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199271402.003.0017
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic Systems
The Maastricht Treaty created the European System of Central Banks and the European Central Bank (ECB) to head the system. The treaty entrusts the ECB with the responsibility for monetary policy, but ...
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The Maastricht Treaty created the European System of Central Banks and the European Central Bank (ECB) to head the system. The treaty entrusts the ECB with the responsibility for monetary policy, but national authorities remain responsible for financial stability. In this chapter, we focus on the implications of national versus central assignment of lender-of-last-resort and supervisory functions for the degree of forbearance in closing distressed banks and for the level of diligence in bank supervision. One major conclusion is that, if only one of the two functions is centralized, then it will be more effective to centralize the supervisory function.Less
The Maastricht Treaty created the European System of Central Banks and the European Central Bank (ECB) to head the system. The treaty entrusts the ECB with the responsibility for monetary policy, but national authorities remain responsible for financial stability. In this chapter, we focus on the implications of national versus central assignment of lender-of-last-resort and supervisory functions for the degree of forbearance in closing distressed banks and for the level of diligence in bank supervision. One major conclusion is that, if only one of the two functions is centralized, then it will be more effective to centralize the supervisory function.
Jeffery A. Jenkins and Charles Stewart III
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691118123
- eISBN:
- 9781400845460
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691118123.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter examines the Republican Party's efforts to organize the House of Representatives and build a lasting coalition following the election of Nathaniel Banks as Speaker in the 34th Congress. ...
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This chapter examines the Republican Party's efforts to organize the House of Representatives and build a lasting coalition following the election of Nathaniel Banks as Speaker in the 34th Congress. It first considers the organization of the 34th House, focusing on the election of House officers and the appointment of the standing committees, before discussing the Republicans' fortunes in the 35th Congress. It shows that the Republicans lost control of the chamber to the Democrats in the 35th Congress, but reemerged as the plurality party in the 36th Congress. In particular, it explores how the party weathered another extended speakership race in 1859–1860 before winning all major House officer positions, with the exception of the Sergeant at Arms and the Printer. The chapter suggests that the Republicans succeeded in organizing all aspects of the House by compromising with the Anti-Lecomptons and changing party nominees midstream when necessary.Less
This chapter examines the Republican Party's efforts to organize the House of Representatives and build a lasting coalition following the election of Nathaniel Banks as Speaker in the 34th Congress. It first considers the organization of the 34th House, focusing on the election of House officers and the appointment of the standing committees, before discussing the Republicans' fortunes in the 35th Congress. It shows that the Republicans lost control of the chamber to the Democrats in the 35th Congress, but reemerged as the plurality party in the 36th Congress. In particular, it explores how the party weathered another extended speakership race in 1859–1860 before winning all major House officer positions, with the exception of the Sergeant at Arms and the Printer. The chapter suggests that the Republicans succeeded in organizing all aspects of the House by compromising with the Anti-Lecomptons and changing party nominees midstream when necessary.
Xavier Freixas, José-Luis Peydró, and Luc Laeven
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262028691
- eISBN:
- 9780262328609
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262028691.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
Macroprudential regulation is the latest buzzword in economics but it means different things to different people. This book offers a framework to operationalize macroprudential policy. It defines ...
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Macroprudential regulation is the latest buzzword in economics but it means different things to different people. This book offers a framework to operationalize macroprudential policy. It defines systemic risk and macroprudential regulation, offers a rationale for macroprudential regulation and explains its differences with microprudental policy, discusses its interactions with macroeconomic policies, presents alternative methods to measure systemic risk, reviews country experiences with macroprudential policy, and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of various macroprudential tools and the trade-offs involved in choosing an optimal policy mix. The book emphasizes the preventive role of macroprudential policy in limiting the possibility and impact of financial crises, and concludes that the macroprudential policy mix needs to be chosen such that it deals both with the time dimension (i.e. procyclicality) and cross-sectional dimension (i.e., firm heterogeneity) of systemic risk. At the same time, the powers and effectiveness of macroprudential policy should not be overestimated. Its implementation will require a multitude of measures and there is a risk that these measures will conflict with each other, even though they share the same objective. Also, macroprudential policy needs to be combined with strong supervision, with an increased focus on the buildup of systemic risk through correlated risk exposures and risk taking by systemically important financial intermediaries. Weak supervision and generous too big to fail subsidies hamper the effectiveness of macroprudential policy. And there is a risk of political interference in the design and implementation of macroprudential regulation, limiting its effectiveness.Less
Macroprudential regulation is the latest buzzword in economics but it means different things to different people. This book offers a framework to operationalize macroprudential policy. It defines systemic risk and macroprudential regulation, offers a rationale for macroprudential regulation and explains its differences with microprudental policy, discusses its interactions with macroeconomic policies, presents alternative methods to measure systemic risk, reviews country experiences with macroprudential policy, and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of various macroprudential tools and the trade-offs involved in choosing an optimal policy mix. The book emphasizes the preventive role of macroprudential policy in limiting the possibility and impact of financial crises, and concludes that the macroprudential policy mix needs to be chosen such that it deals both with the time dimension (i.e. procyclicality) and cross-sectional dimension (i.e., firm heterogeneity) of systemic risk. At the same time, the powers and effectiveness of macroprudential policy should not be overestimated. Its implementation will require a multitude of measures and there is a risk that these measures will conflict with each other, even though they share the same objective. Also, macroprudential policy needs to be combined with strong supervision, with an increased focus on the buildup of systemic risk through correlated risk exposures and risk taking by systemically important financial intermediaries. Weak supervision and generous too big to fail subsidies hamper the effectiveness of macroprudential policy. And there is a risk of political interference in the design and implementation of macroprudential regulation, limiting its effectiveness.
Neil Rennie
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198186274
- eISBN:
- 9780191674471
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198186274.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, American, 18th Century and Early American Literature
Early in 1787, Joseph Banks convinced the British government of the advantages for transplanting breadfruit from Tahiti to the West Indies. He believed that this almost paradisal plant could usefully ...
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Early in 1787, Joseph Banks convinced the British government of the advantages for transplanting breadfruit from Tahiti to the West Indies. He believed that this almost paradisal plant could usefully feed the slaves in the West Indies, who would produce cheaper sugar for the planters and merchants in the West Indies. There would inevitably be more trouble initially, but Banks persuaded British officials of the ultimate benefits of an expedition and in May the government instructed the Admiralty accordingly. The Bounty sailed on December 27, 1787, under the command of Lieutenant William Bligh, and anchored in Matavai Bay, Tahiti, on October 26, 1788. Bligh had found the carpenter ‘insolent’ and the Master ‘troublesome’ on the voyage out, and he had also been frustrated by bad weather at the Horn, which had forced the Bounty to turn back and take the passage to the Pacific via the Cape of Good Hope. On arrival at Matavai Bay, Bligh asked immediately for news of Omai, and heard that Omai was no more.Less
Early in 1787, Joseph Banks convinced the British government of the advantages for transplanting breadfruit from Tahiti to the West Indies. He believed that this almost paradisal plant could usefully feed the slaves in the West Indies, who would produce cheaper sugar for the planters and merchants in the West Indies. There would inevitably be more trouble initially, but Banks persuaded British officials of the ultimate benefits of an expedition and in May the government instructed the Admiralty accordingly. The Bounty sailed on December 27, 1787, under the command of Lieutenant William Bligh, and anchored in Matavai Bay, Tahiti, on October 26, 1788. Bligh had found the carpenter ‘insolent’ and the Master ‘troublesome’ on the voyage out, and he had also been frustrated by bad weather at the Horn, which had forced the Bounty to turn back and take the passage to the Pacific via the Cape of Good Hope. On arrival at Matavai Bay, Bligh asked immediately for news of Omai, and heard that Omai was no more.
Paul C. Gutjahr
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199740420
- eISBN:
- 9780199894703
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199740420.003.0012
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
Chapter Twelve examines Hodge as he transitions from his Seminary graduation to his appointment to teach at Princeton Theological Seminary. After his seminary graduation, he joins his family in ...
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Chapter Twelve examines Hodge as he transitions from his Seminary graduation to his appointment to teach at Princeton Theological Seminary. After his seminary graduation, he joins his family in Philadelphia where he preaches and studies Hebrew with Reverend Joseph Banks. His classmate John Johns is first offered the teaching position at the Seminary, but he turns it down in favor of the Episcopal ministry. Hodge is then approached and appointed to the position.Less
Chapter Twelve examines Hodge as he transitions from his Seminary graduation to his appointment to teach at Princeton Theological Seminary. After his seminary graduation, he joins his family in Philadelphia where he preaches and studies Hebrew with Reverend Joseph Banks. His classmate John Johns is first offered the teaching position at the Seminary, but he turns it down in favor of the Episcopal ministry. Hodge is then approached and appointed to the position.
Pat Rogers
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198182597
- eISBN:
- 9780191673832
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198182597.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, 18th-century Literature
This chapter approaches both travel narratives — Johnson's Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland, and Boswell's Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides — in the context of the excitement generated by ...
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This chapter approaches both travel narratives — Johnson's Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland, and Boswell's Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides — in the context of the excitement generated by overseas discoveries, and especially by the voyagers of exploration in the 1760s and early 1770s. Both Johnson and Boswell had many personal contacts with central figures in this activity, including Captain James Cook, Sir Joseph Banks, Daniel Solander, and Constantine Phipps. It was not only the Pacific expeditions which aroused the intense curiosity of educated Europeans, though these were the most dramatic examples of the tendency at work, and had the most obvious literary sequel in Diderot's Supplément au voyage de Bougainville. The chapter argues further that the European travels of Giuseppe Baretti and Fanny Burney left an obvious mark on the Hebridean narratives.Less
This chapter approaches both travel narratives — Johnson's Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland, and Boswell's Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides — in the context of the excitement generated by overseas discoveries, and especially by the voyagers of exploration in the 1760s and early 1770s. Both Johnson and Boswell had many personal contacts with central figures in this activity, including Captain James Cook, Sir Joseph Banks, Daniel Solander, and Constantine Phipps. It was not only the Pacific expeditions which aroused the intense curiosity of educated Europeans, though these were the most dramatic examples of the tendency at work, and had the most obvious literary sequel in Diderot's Supplément au voyage de Bougainville. The chapter argues further that the European travels of Giuseppe Baretti and Fanny Burney left an obvious mark on the Hebridean narratives.
Ronald Hutton
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205708
- eISBN:
- 9780191676758
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205708.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History, British and Irish Early Modern History
Every May Day, two hobby-horses dance their way through the Cornish coastal town of Padstow, representing different halves of the community. For 12 hours they move around separate circuits, each led ...
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Every May Day, two hobby-horses dance their way through the Cornish coastal town of Padstow, representing different halves of the community. For 12 hours they move around separate circuits, each led on by a ‘Teaser’, a person in white prancing in front with a painted club. Each also has a retinue of people, also in white clothes, some playing accordions and drums. The tradition represents a tremendous reaffirmation of community pride and solidarity in this small and normally quiet settlement; nobody is allowed to take part in either procession unless their family has lived there for at least two generations. It is also a major attraction for visitors, and one of the most famous and most dramatic folk customs of modern Britain. In 1931 it attracted Mary Macleod Banks, soon to be the President of the Folk-Lore Society, who took it upon herself to upbraid the ‘Teaser’ for dressing as a clown and so ‘spoiling the rite’.Less
Every May Day, two hobby-horses dance their way through the Cornish coastal town of Padstow, representing different halves of the community. For 12 hours they move around separate circuits, each led on by a ‘Teaser’, a person in white prancing in front with a painted club. Each also has a retinue of people, also in white clothes, some playing accordions and drums. The tradition represents a tremendous reaffirmation of community pride and solidarity in this small and normally quiet settlement; nobody is allowed to take part in either procession unless their family has lived there for at least two generations. It is also a major attraction for visitors, and one of the most famous and most dramatic folk customs of modern Britain. In 1931 it attracted Mary Macleod Banks, soon to be the President of the Folk-Lore Society, who took it upon herself to upbraid the ‘Teaser’ for dressing as a clown and so ‘spoiling the rite’.
Patricia Kerslake
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781846310249
- eISBN:
- 9781846314018
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846314018
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This book is about the human desire to experiment with empire. In the past it was done with real soldiers and expeditions and slaves and trade and misery and force. In the future it will be done with ...
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This book is about the human desire to experiment with empire. In the past it was done with real soldiers and expeditions and slaves and trade and misery and force. In the future it will be done with generation ships and off-world pioneers, robots and invasion, electronic sheep and people who just don't want to be pushed around anymore. Beginning with a discussion of who we are (hopefully, the good guys) and who they are (anyone who isn't us), this narrative scans the lights of science fiction looking at the places where humans try to touch a variety of futures. Is SF designed to purge our dark imperialistic fantasies, or is it a laboratory of mind-experiments: carefully considered trials of political, social and economic scenarios? Which tomorrow are we more likely to accept where the blood of empire is red or read? Examining such classic SF texts as Lasswitz's Two Planet and Wells' The War of the Worlds, this book investigates Asimov's Robots and Heinlein's Moon, as well as Robinson's Mars and Banks' postcolonial Culture. We see the rise-and-fall of empire through the eyes of Miller, Clarke and Wyndham, and the apparently inevitable failure of the imperial project as discussed in Solaris, The Dispossessed and The Forever War. This book offers an insight into the darkest power abuses of mankind; where the oppression, silencing and marginalisation of those who are not-us continues and flourishes. Who are the monsters of our future — the Others invading from another planet, or the unseen and unrecognised Other within?Less
This book is about the human desire to experiment with empire. In the past it was done with real soldiers and expeditions and slaves and trade and misery and force. In the future it will be done with generation ships and off-world pioneers, robots and invasion, electronic sheep and people who just don't want to be pushed around anymore. Beginning with a discussion of who we are (hopefully, the good guys) and who they are (anyone who isn't us), this narrative scans the lights of science fiction looking at the places where humans try to touch a variety of futures. Is SF designed to purge our dark imperialistic fantasies, or is it a laboratory of mind-experiments: carefully considered trials of political, social and economic scenarios? Which tomorrow are we more likely to accept where the blood of empire is red or read? Examining such classic SF texts as Lasswitz's Two Planet and Wells' The War of the Worlds, this book investigates Asimov's Robots and Heinlein's Moon, as well as Robinson's Mars and Banks' postcolonial Culture. We see the rise-and-fall of empire through the eyes of Miller, Clarke and Wyndham, and the apparently inevitable failure of the imperial project as discussed in Solaris, The Dispossessed and The Forever War. This book offers an insight into the darkest power abuses of mankind; where the oppression, silencing and marginalisation of those who are not-us continues and flourishes. Who are the monsters of our future — the Others invading from another planet, or the unseen and unrecognised Other within?
John Greenwood
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622098909
- eISBN:
- 9789882207004
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622098909.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
The global recession in 1980–82 led to a sharp downturn in Hong Kong's external trade. Together with the delayed adjustments in Hong Kong Association of Banks (HKAB) interest rates, these conditions ...
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The global recession in 1980–82 led to a sharp downturn in Hong Kong's external trade. Together with the delayed adjustments in Hong Kong Association of Banks (HKAB) interest rates, these conditions explain the sharp downswing in Hong Kong's money growth in 1982. This chapter discusses three main avenues of approach to the problem of controlling monetary growth: (1) direct control of bank reserves; (2) managing the exchange rate; and (3) controlling interest rates.Less
The global recession in 1980–82 led to a sharp downturn in Hong Kong's external trade. Together with the delayed adjustments in Hong Kong Association of Banks (HKAB) interest rates, these conditions explain the sharp downswing in Hong Kong's money growth in 1982. This chapter discusses three main avenues of approach to the problem of controlling monetary growth: (1) direct control of bank reserves; (2) managing the exchange rate; and (3) controlling interest rates.
Danny Busch, Emilios Avgouleas, and Guido Ferrarini (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- July 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198813392
- eISBN:
- 9780191851582
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198813392.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Company and Commercial Law, EU Law
This book analyses the legal and economic implications of the European Commission's plans to form a Capital Markets Union (CMU) in Europe, which will have a major impact on financial markets and ...
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This book analyses the legal and economic implications of the European Commission's plans to form a Capital Markets Union (CMU) in Europe, which will have a major impact on financial markets and institutions both in the region and beyond. A detailed introductory chapter provides a broad overview of the various aspects and challenges of the CMU proposals, whilst thematically grouped chapters cover the following areas: (i) general aspects, (ii) Brexit, (iii) financing innovation, (iv) raising capital on the capital markets, (v) fostering retail and institutional investment, (vi) leveraging banking capacity to support the wider economy, (vii) facilitating cross-border investing, and (viii) comparative aspects of capital market integration. The book provides high-quality analysis of the legal and economic issues in a practical context.Less
This book analyses the legal and economic implications of the European Commission's plans to form a Capital Markets Union (CMU) in Europe, which will have a major impact on financial markets and institutions both in the region and beyond. A detailed introductory chapter provides a broad overview of the various aspects and challenges of the CMU proposals, whilst thematically grouped chapters cover the following areas: (i) general aspects, (ii) Brexit, (iii) financing innovation, (iv) raising capital on the capital markets, (v) fostering retail and institutional investment, (vi) leveraging banking capacity to support the wider economy, (vii) facilitating cross-border investing, and (viii) comparative aspects of capital market integration. The book provides high-quality analysis of the legal and economic issues in a practical context.
Deirdre Coleman
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781786940537
- eISBN:
- 9781789629132
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781786940537.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
The Introduction describes the setting up of Smeathman’s collecting expedition in London in 1771, including details of his main sponsors, Dru Drury, Joseph Banks, and the Quaker physician John ...
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The Introduction describes the setting up of Smeathman’s collecting expedition in London in 1771, including details of his main sponsors, Dru Drury, Joseph Banks, and the Quaker physician John Fothergill. The recent and celebrated return of the Endeavour, laden with exotic naturalia, provided a dramatic instance of what a well-equipped expedition to unknown parts might achieve. The presence of Smeathman’s archive in Uppsala, Sweden, indicates his importance as one of Linnaeus’ lesser known disciples. His journals, plus his Shandyesque letters to friends and sponsors, are testimony to the collaborative dimension of knowledge-making in this period, rivalling in importance the insects, plants, and shells he sent home to Liverpool and London.Less
The Introduction describes the setting up of Smeathman’s collecting expedition in London in 1771, including details of his main sponsors, Dru Drury, Joseph Banks, and the Quaker physician John Fothergill. The recent and celebrated return of the Endeavour, laden with exotic naturalia, provided a dramatic instance of what a well-equipped expedition to unknown parts might achieve. The presence of Smeathman’s archive in Uppsala, Sweden, indicates his importance as one of Linnaeus’ lesser known disciples. His journals, plus his Shandyesque letters to friends and sponsors, are testimony to the collaborative dimension of knowledge-making in this period, rivalling in importance the insects, plants, and shells he sent home to Liverpool and London.
Deirdre Coleman
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781786940537
- eISBN:
- 9781789629132
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781786940537.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
After nearly nine years’ absence Smeathman returns to London in late 1779. Since he sent his subscribers mainly insects from West Africa, they are unhappy with him, and he argues with Banks, now ...
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After nearly nine years’ absence Smeathman returns to London in late 1779. Since he sent his subscribers mainly insects from West Africa, they are unhappy with him, and he argues with Banks, now President of the Royal Society. Nevertheless Banks supports Smeathman in publishing his landmark essay on the West African termite in the Transactions of the Royal Society (1781). Smeathman also provides Drury with life histories of the African insects featured in volume 3 of his Illustrations of Natural History (1782). Other roles include working as an elocutionist, public lecturer, and British Museum guide. In 1783 he travels to Paris where he moves in Benjamin Franklin’s circle and participates in the craze for ballooning. Since he is finding it difficult to get sponsors to finance a return trip to West Africa, he hopes to make enough money for that purpose from his aeronautical experiments. He publishes his ideas for a mixed-race society of free planters entitled Plan of a Settlement to be made near Sierra Leona (1786), secures funding from the British Government and the Committee for the Black Poor, but dies on the eve of setting out.Less
After nearly nine years’ absence Smeathman returns to London in late 1779. Since he sent his subscribers mainly insects from West Africa, they are unhappy with him, and he argues with Banks, now President of the Royal Society. Nevertheless Banks supports Smeathman in publishing his landmark essay on the West African termite in the Transactions of the Royal Society (1781). Smeathman also provides Drury with life histories of the African insects featured in volume 3 of his Illustrations of Natural History (1782). Other roles include working as an elocutionist, public lecturer, and British Museum guide. In 1783 he travels to Paris where he moves in Benjamin Franklin’s circle and participates in the craze for ballooning. Since he is finding it difficult to get sponsors to finance a return trip to West Africa, he hopes to make enough money for that purpose from his aeronautical experiments. He publishes his ideas for a mixed-race society of free planters entitled Plan of a Settlement to be made near Sierra Leona (1786), secures funding from the British Government and the Committee for the Black Poor, but dies on the eve of setting out.
José Antonio Ocampo (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198785941
- eISBN:
- 9780191827648
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198785941.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
As the world becomes increasingly globalized, the need for governments to continually cooperate structures has become irreversible. This book looks critically at global governance structures in the ...
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As the world becomes increasingly globalized, the need for governments to continually cooperate structures has become irreversible. This book looks critically at global governance structures in the economic and social field in order to understand what has been done and what can be done better. A close look at the United Nations (UN)’s relationship with development cooperation and global public goods, as well as its infrastructure and potential biases, gives a thorough understanding of the current status of the world’s premier global governance structure. Additionally, analyses of official development assistance, multilateral development banks, and infrastructure financing cast a wider net to demonstrate the growing need for global cooperation and development beyond the borders of the UN. These seven chapters by nearly a dozen authors have been written at a pivotal moment in global governance initiatives, when the Post-2015 UN Development Agenda is drawing international development into a new era. As this new agenda shifts the future of global development initiatives and increasingly relies on civil society, non-state actors, and regional and local governments to fulfill the sustainable development goals, how will international cooperation and development institutions be changed? And how can we make sure that these initiatives and institutions are innovating for the better?Less
As the world becomes increasingly globalized, the need for governments to continually cooperate structures has become irreversible. This book looks critically at global governance structures in the economic and social field in order to understand what has been done and what can be done better. A close look at the United Nations (UN)’s relationship with development cooperation and global public goods, as well as its infrastructure and potential biases, gives a thorough understanding of the current status of the world’s premier global governance structure. Additionally, analyses of official development assistance, multilateral development banks, and infrastructure financing cast a wider net to demonstrate the growing need for global cooperation and development beyond the borders of the UN. These seven chapters by nearly a dozen authors have been written at a pivotal moment in global governance initiatives, when the Post-2015 UN Development Agenda is drawing international development into a new era. As this new agenda shifts the future of global development initiatives and increasingly relies on civil society, non-state actors, and regional and local governments to fulfill the sustainable development goals, how will international cooperation and development institutions be changed? And how can we make sure that these initiatives and institutions are innovating for the better?
John Syrett
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823224890
- eISBN:
- 9780823240852
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823224890.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
The military's participation in confiscation occurred during a period of critical discussion about the rules of war. When the Civil War began, the Union forces possessed no adequate military code to ...
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The military's participation in confiscation occurred during a period of critical discussion about the rules of war. When the Civil War began, the Union forces possessed no adequate military code to guide their conduct in the conflict. The only available American guides were General Regulations for the Army, written by Winfield Scott and published in 1821, and Regulations for the Army of the United States 1861, which were inadequate to the problems that arose in the war. Lieber's Orders were conservative on property, they were much less so on slavery. The replacement of Ben Butler by Nathaniel Banks in New Orleans in December 1862 emphasized the president's moderate position on confiscating private property that was also seen in Lieber's Orders. Bates's arguments over the definition of military confiscation with Wallace and Butler typified the conflict between the civil and military branches under the confiscation acts.Less
The military's participation in confiscation occurred during a period of critical discussion about the rules of war. When the Civil War began, the Union forces possessed no adequate military code to guide their conduct in the conflict. The only available American guides were General Regulations for the Army, written by Winfield Scott and published in 1821, and Regulations for the Army of the United States 1861, which were inadequate to the problems that arose in the war. Lieber's Orders were conservative on property, they were much less so on slavery. The replacement of Ben Butler by Nathaniel Banks in New Orleans in December 1862 emphasized the president's moderate position on confiscating private property that was also seen in Lieber's Orders. Bates's arguments over the definition of military confiscation with Wallace and Butler typified the conflict between the civil and military branches under the confiscation acts.
Christopher C. Joyner
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198299493
- eISBN:
- 9780191685729
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198299493.003.0008
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
On March 9, 1995, Canadian fishery authorities boarded and arrested a Spanish-registered vessel in the Grand Banks. This international incident sparked a diplomatic confrontation between Canada and ...
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On March 9, 1995, Canadian fishery authorities boarded and arrested a Spanish-registered vessel in the Grand Banks. This international incident sparked a diplomatic confrontation between Canada and the European Community that lasted for six weeks. This chapter examines why the fisheries conflict erupted between Canada and EC and how it was resolved. The legal issues at stake for both sides are assessed, as are the dispute's political and economic repercussions and the ways in which these affected the development of international law. Finally, critical reflection is given to what can be learned from this episode with respect to the future for international fisheries law.Less
On March 9, 1995, Canadian fishery authorities boarded and arrested a Spanish-registered vessel in the Grand Banks. This international incident sparked a diplomatic confrontation between Canada and the European Community that lasted for six weeks. This chapter examines why the fisheries conflict erupted between Canada and EC and how it was resolved. The legal issues at stake for both sides are assessed, as are the dispute's political and economic repercussions and the ways in which these affected the development of international law. Finally, critical reflection is given to what can be learned from this episode with respect to the future for international fisheries law.
Stephen H. Axilrod
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199934485
- eISBN:
- 9780199345786
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199934485.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Macro- and Monetary Economics
This chapter provides an overview of the Fed's policy structure. It addresses the following questions: Where does responsibility for monetary policy decisions reside in the Fed? What does the Federal ...
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This chapter provides an overview of the Fed's policy structure. It addresses the following questions: Where does responsibility for monetary policy decisions reside in the Fed? What does the Federal Open Market Committee do and how is it organized? And how are other monetary policy instruments controlled? It also looks at how the politically appointed Board of Governors is chosen, how the Reserve Banks is governed, and the role of the Reserve Banks in the policy process. It also asks: should the regional structure of the Fed be modified for today's world? Should Reserve Bank presidents be politically appointed? Do member banks and directors of Federal Reserve Banks unduly profit or exert influence? It also examines what happens to the profits from Fed operations, the underlying connection between the government and the Fed, and how the government keeps tabs on the Fed. What does it mean in practice to say the Fed is independent?Less
This chapter provides an overview of the Fed's policy structure. It addresses the following questions: Where does responsibility for monetary policy decisions reside in the Fed? What does the Federal Open Market Committee do and how is it organized? And how are other monetary policy instruments controlled? It also looks at how the politically appointed Board of Governors is chosen, how the Reserve Banks is governed, and the role of the Reserve Banks in the policy process. It also asks: should the regional structure of the Fed be modified for today's world? Should Reserve Bank presidents be politically appointed? Do member banks and directors of Federal Reserve Banks unduly profit or exert influence? It also examines what happens to the profits from Fed operations, the underlying connection between the government and the Fed, and how the government keeps tabs on the Fed. What does it mean in practice to say the Fed is independent?
Kenneth R. Johnston
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199657803
- eISBN:
- 9780191771576
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199657803.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, 18th-century Literature, 19th-century Literature and Romanticism
In 1792, Thomas Beddoes, Sr. was nominated by the Oxford University chancellor to become the first holder of its Regius chair in Chemistry. But political blacklisting by anonymous detractors ...
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In 1792, Thomas Beddoes, Sr. was nominated by the Oxford University chancellor to become the first holder of its Regius chair in Chemistry. But political blacklisting by anonymous detractors responding to the King’s proclamation against seditious writings doomed his chances. He moved to Bristol, where he set up an independent Pneumatic Institute for study of therapeutic uses of nitrous oxide (‘laughing gas’) and other elemental gases, assisted by Humphry Davy. He joined the brilliant circle of intellectuals gathered around the philanthropic Wedgwood family at Cote House, working with Coleridge and others to support the cause of parliamentary reform. He wrote five pamphlets on reform issues between 1795 and 1797, including an Essay on the Public Merits of Mr. Pitt. His scientific work was increasingly associated with his political liberalism by his opponents, leading to losses in private funding. His own health suffered from the strain, leading to an early death.Less
In 1792, Thomas Beddoes, Sr. was nominated by the Oxford University chancellor to become the first holder of its Regius chair in Chemistry. But political blacklisting by anonymous detractors responding to the King’s proclamation against seditious writings doomed his chances. He moved to Bristol, where he set up an independent Pneumatic Institute for study of therapeutic uses of nitrous oxide (‘laughing gas’) and other elemental gases, assisted by Humphry Davy. He joined the brilliant circle of intellectuals gathered around the philanthropic Wedgwood family at Cote House, working with Coleridge and others to support the cause of parliamentary reform. He wrote five pamphlets on reform issues between 1795 and 1797, including an Essay on the Public Merits of Mr. Pitt. His scientific work was increasingly associated with his political liberalism by his opponents, leading to losses in private funding. His own health suffered from the strain, leading to an early death.
Angela J. Davis
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195384734
- eISBN:
- 9780199852369
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195384734.003.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
This chapter presents three cases that demonstrate the wide-ranging power and discretion of the American prosecutor. In each case, the prosecutor's actions deeply influenced the lives of the accused. ...
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This chapter presents three cases that demonstrate the wide-ranging power and discretion of the American prosecutor. In each case, the prosecutor's actions deeply influenced the lives of the accused. The first case (Delma Banks) was almost executed by the state of Texas before the Supreme Court reversed the conviction. The second case show that when Dwayne Washington told prosecutors he couldn't prevent his actions, they followed through on their threat to charge him as an adult and as a result he faced charges that carried a life sentence in adult prison. Lastly, the favorable treatment afforded Andrew Klepper meant that he could avoid prison after committing a violent sex offense—a rare outcome in these types of cases. Moreover, a brief history of the American prosecutor, and the importance and dilemma of prosecutorial discretion, are provided. Furthermore, an overview of the chapters included in this book is given.Less
This chapter presents three cases that demonstrate the wide-ranging power and discretion of the American prosecutor. In each case, the prosecutor's actions deeply influenced the lives of the accused. The first case (Delma Banks) was almost executed by the state of Texas before the Supreme Court reversed the conviction. The second case show that when Dwayne Washington told prosecutors he couldn't prevent his actions, they followed through on their threat to charge him as an adult and as a result he faced charges that carried a life sentence in adult prison. Lastly, the favorable treatment afforded Andrew Klepper meant that he could avoid prison after committing a violent sex offense—a rare outcome in these types of cases. Moreover, a brief history of the American prosecutor, and the importance and dilemma of prosecutorial discretion, are provided. Furthermore, an overview of the chapters included in this book is given.
Simone Polillo
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804785099
- eISBN:
- 9780804785556
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804785099.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Economic Sociology
Common understandings of money, credit, and banking, rely on notions of efficiency--how well they work in allocating resources and coordinating economic activities. This book, by contrast, focuses on ...
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Common understandings of money, credit, and banking, rely on notions of efficiency--how well they work in allocating resources and coordinating economic activities. This book, by contrast, focuses on how money, credit, and banking are implicated in conflict. It examines how financial elites in general, and certain bankers in particular, create new financial instruments in order to consolidate and reproduce their wealth over time, turning money into an instrument of exclusion, and couching their practices in ideologies of sound banking. Yet, since the boundaries thus erected create resistance, the book also traces the emergence of rival elites (wildcats) who, by increasing the circulation of existing currencies, or incorporating new actors in financial markets through the production of altogether new instruments, attempt to transgress these boundaries.Less
Common understandings of money, credit, and banking, rely on notions of efficiency--how well they work in allocating resources and coordinating economic activities. This book, by contrast, focuses on how money, credit, and banking are implicated in conflict. It examines how financial elites in general, and certain bankers in particular, create new financial instruments in order to consolidate and reproduce their wealth over time, turning money into an instrument of exclusion, and couching their practices in ideologies of sound banking. Yet, since the boundaries thus erected create resistance, the book also traces the emergence of rival elites (wildcats) who, by increasing the circulation of existing currencies, or incorporating new actors in financial markets through the production of altogether new instruments, attempt to transgress these boundaries.
