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Binding Corporate Rules: An Overview

Lokke Moerel

in Binding Corporate Rules: Corporate Self-Regulation of Global Data Transfers

This chapter contains an introduction to the concept of Binding Corporate Rules (BCR) and explains why BCR are expected to gain in relevance in the future.

The BCR Regime

Lokke Moerel

in Binding Corporate Rules: Corporate Self-Regulation of Global Data Transfers

This chapter introduces the Binding Corporate Rules (BCR) regime as developed by the Working Party 29, recognizing corporate self-regulation as an alternative method for multinationals to comply with ... More

This chapter introduces the Binding Corporate Rules (BCR) regime as developed by the Working Party 29, recognizing corporate self-regulation as an alternative method for multinationals to comply with the EU data transfer rules. It discusses the European BCR approval procedure as well as its shortcomings. It is further discussed in which non-EU countries BCR are (potentially) recognized as a valid data transfer tool also for data transfers from these non-EU countries. Recommendations are made to recognize BCR as a valid tool for data transfers in the proposal for a Regulation on Data Protection and to streamline the BCR authorization procedure.Less

How Do Restrictions on International Data Transfers Work in Clouds?

W Kuan Hon and Christopher Millard

in Cloud Computing Law

This chapter considers how restrictions on cross-border transfers of data work, or perhaps don't work, in cloud environments and how they might be improved. The concept of ‘transfer’ and the ... More

This chapter considers how restrictions on cross-border transfers of data work, or perhaps don't work, in cloud environments and how they might be improved. The concept of ‘transfer’ and the prohibition on transfers of personal data to countries that fail to provide an adequate level of protection for personal data are explained. Various exception to, and derogations from, the transfer prohibition rule are evaluated, including consent, the US Safe Harbor, model contract clauses, and Binding Corporate Rules (BCR).Less

The Drug Discovery Crisis

Brent R. Stockwell

in The Quest for the Cure: The Science and Stories Behind the Next Generation of Medicines

This chapter examines the current problem associated with creating new drugs—that so few proteins are considered druggable. It first traces the history of how existing drugs were created. It then ... More

This chapter examines the current problem associated with creating new drugs—that so few proteins are considered druggable. It first traces the history of how existing drugs were created. It then attributes the drug discovery crisis in the United States and the rest of the world to the challenge of the undruggable proteins. To better appreciate the nature of these undruggable proteins and how they might ultimately be used to make medicines, this chapter explains what drugs are and how they function. It then discusses the evolution of kinases from undruggable to druggable, the role of the BCR-ABL kinase in chronic myelogenous leukemia, the discovery of imatinib as a potential cancer drug, and the challenges arising from the concept of druggability.Less