Donald Eugene Canfield
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691145020
- eISBN:
- 9781400849888
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691145020.003.0010
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Climate
This chapter considers the significance of the Ediacaran Fauna. Until the late 1980s, the Ediacaran Fauna were usually thought to represent ancient, primitive animal forms. Debate was sparked when ...
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This chapter considers the significance of the Ediacaran Fauna. Until the late 1980s, the Ediacaran Fauna were usually thought to represent ancient, primitive animal forms. Debate was sparked when leading paleontologist Dolf Seilacher from Tubingen, Germany, reinterpreted these fossils as something completely different. He argued that, instead of animals, they were long-extinct varieties of living organisms, a result of failed lineages with no successors. The rocks on the Avalon Peninsula of southeastern Newfoundland house the oldest known representatives of the Ediacaran Fauna. These so-called rangeomorphs date back to 575 million ago and appear relatively soon after the end of the Gaskiers glaciation some 580 million years ago. Evidence suggests that Ediacaran Fauna of the Avalon Peninsula emerged into an ocean undergoing oxygenation.Less
This chapter considers the significance of the Ediacaran Fauna. Until the late 1980s, the Ediacaran Fauna were usually thought to represent ancient, primitive animal forms. Debate was sparked when leading paleontologist Dolf Seilacher from Tubingen, Germany, reinterpreted these fossils as something completely different. He argued that, instead of animals, they were long-extinct varieties of living organisms, a result of failed lineages with no successors. The rocks on the Avalon Peninsula of southeastern Newfoundland house the oldest known representatives of the Ediacaran Fauna. These so-called rangeomorphs date back to 575 million ago and appear relatively soon after the end of the Gaskiers glaciation some 580 million years ago. Evidence suggests that Ediacaran Fauna of the Avalon Peninsula emerged into an ocean undergoing oxygenation.
Peter Y. Medding
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195128208
- eISBN:
- 9780199854592
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195128208.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
The travail of the Jewish family has rarely been explored in a serious fashion in American film; in recording how succeeding generations felt the pressures of modernity, few movies have been animated ...
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The travail of the Jewish family has rarely been explored in a serious fashion in American film; in recording how succeeding generations felt the pressures of modernity, few movies have been animated either by ethnographic interest or by attentive artistry. That indifference is what makes Barry Levinson's Avalon (1990) so striking — and so worthy of critical and scholarly consideration. No other work is quite so deliberate, indeed self-conscious, in its effort to narrate a representative history, to provide a paradigmatic treatment of the fate of the Jewish family in the United States. This twenty-two million dollar home movie devotes itself with such single-minded concentration to the dynamics of Jewish family life that the treatment of its theme is without Hollywood precedent. Avalon is in a category of its own.Less
The travail of the Jewish family has rarely been explored in a serious fashion in American film; in recording how succeeding generations felt the pressures of modernity, few movies have been animated either by ethnographic interest or by attentive artistry. That indifference is what makes Barry Levinson's Avalon (1990) so striking — and so worthy of critical and scholarly consideration. No other work is quite so deliberate, indeed self-conscious, in its effort to narrate a representative history, to provide a paradigmatic treatment of the fate of the Jewish family in the United States. This twenty-two million dollar home movie devotes itself with such single-minded concentration to the dynamics of Jewish family life that the treatment of its theme is without Hollywood precedent. Avalon is in a category of its own.
Jean Flori and Olive Classe
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748622955
- eISBN:
- 9780748651382
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748622955.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Economic History
This chapter contends that Richard I, King of England, gave King Tancred of Sicily a sword that the chroniclers identified, rightly or wrongly, with the sword of King Arthur. It is known that the ...
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This chapter contends that Richard I, King of England, gave King Tancred of Sicily a sword that the chroniclers identified, rightly or wrongly, with the sword of King Arthur. It is known that the Plantagenet monarchy had invested heavily in the promotion, the diffusion, and, most of all, the ‘takeover’ of the Arthurian legend as a component of its ideology. Eleanor of Aquitaine herself, who inherited the image of Queen Guinevere, the fascinating adulterous wife of King Arthur, played a major role in that ideology, which made the mythical Arthurian court the ancestor and archetype of the court of the Plantagenets. However, the myth had certain risks attached to it that needed to be contained. For, according to several interpretations, Arthur did not die of the wounds he received in his last battle with Mordred, but was borne away to Avalon, to ‘another world’, a world of faery, magical or demoniac, where his wounds were tended.Less
This chapter contends that Richard I, King of England, gave King Tancred of Sicily a sword that the chroniclers identified, rightly or wrongly, with the sword of King Arthur. It is known that the Plantagenet monarchy had invested heavily in the promotion, the diffusion, and, most of all, the ‘takeover’ of the Arthurian legend as a component of its ideology. Eleanor of Aquitaine herself, who inherited the image of Queen Guinevere, the fascinating adulterous wife of King Arthur, played a major role in that ideology, which made the mythical Arthurian court the ancestor and archetype of the court of the Plantagenets. However, the myth had certain risks attached to it that needed to be contained. For, according to several interpretations, Arthur did not die of the wounds he received in his last battle with Mordred, but was borne away to Avalon, to ‘another world’, a world of faery, magical or demoniac, where his wounds were tended.
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520268838
- eISBN:
- 9780520948860
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520268838.003.0030
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter describes a tour to Santa Catalina Island. Santa Catalina, 21 miles long by three-quarters to eight miles wide, is the second largest of the eight Channel Islands off the coast of ...
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This chapter describes a tour to Santa Catalina Island. Santa Catalina, 21 miles long by three-quarters to eight miles wide, is the second largest of the eight Channel Islands off the coast of southern California. A rugged mountain chain, culminating in Mount Orizaba and Mount Black Jack, extends the length of the island, with canyons and spurs running down to the sea. At present the 48,438-acre island is a privately owned and exploited pleasure resort. Its metropolis, Avalon, on the eastern end of the leeward side, is an incorporated city with its own municipal government and public schools, and numerous hotels, apartment houses, bungalow courts and cottages. An elaborate casino and other recreational facilities and means of entertainment are in or near the town.Less
This chapter describes a tour to Santa Catalina Island. Santa Catalina, 21 miles long by three-quarters to eight miles wide, is the second largest of the eight Channel Islands off the coast of southern California. A rugged mountain chain, culminating in Mount Orizaba and Mount Black Jack, extends the length of the island, with canyons and spurs running down to the sea. At present the 48,438-acre island is a privately owned and exploited pleasure resort. Its metropolis, Avalon, on the eastern end of the leeward side, is an incorporated city with its own municipal government and public schools, and numerous hotels, apartment houses, bungalow courts and cottages. An elaborate casino and other recreational facilities and means of entertainment are in or near the town.
James M. Woods
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813035321
- eISBN:
- 9780813039046
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813035321.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
English Catholicism took on its own distinctive characteristic as an upper-class sect in which the landed gentry dominated. The manors of these lords now became the centers for the Catholic ...
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English Catholicism took on its own distinctive characteristic as an upper-class sect in which the landed gentry dominated. The manors of these lords now became the centers for the Catholic community. This predominant position of the upper class and the experience of toleration as a minority sect were two features of English Catholicism that shaped the Catholic experience in colonial America. The instigator for the Maryland colony was Sir George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore. In 1621 he founded a colony on the Newfoundland coast he initially called Ferryland. Two years later he obtained royal patent to oversee this colony and changed its name to Avalon. It mainly contained Welsh Protestant families, yet the climate was so cold and the land so unyielding that the colony floundered. However, this failure did not quench Calvert's desire to found a colony in the United States.Less
English Catholicism took on its own distinctive characteristic as an upper-class sect in which the landed gentry dominated. The manors of these lords now became the centers for the Catholic community. This predominant position of the upper class and the experience of toleration as a minority sect were two features of English Catholicism that shaped the Catholic experience in colonial America. The instigator for the Maryland colony was Sir George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore. In 1621 he founded a colony on the Newfoundland coast he initially called Ferryland. Two years later he obtained royal patent to oversee this colony and changed its name to Avalon. It mainly contained Welsh Protestant families, yet the climate was so cold and the land so unyielding that the colony floundered. However, this failure did not quench Calvert's desire to found a colony in the United States.
Ciaran Brady
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199668038
- eISBN:
- 9780191748677
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199668038.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Cultural History
This chapter examines a wide selection of books and essays produced by Froude in the 1870s to further explore themes of his philosophy of history considered in earlier chapters. It seeks to show that ...
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This chapter examines a wide selection of books and essays produced by Froude in the 1870s to further explore themes of his philosophy of history considered in earlier chapters. It seeks to show that his view of the role of single individuals in bringing about historical change was a good deal more complex and more nuanced than the simple understanding of the importance of Great Men has assumed. Particular attention is given to his apparently contradictory assessments of Thomas Becket and his near contemporary St Hugo of Avalon, his carefully nuanced study of Bunyan, and his highly controversial study of Julius Caesar. It concludes with an analysis of a set of studies in which Froude contrasted the intellectual outlook of the finest pagan thinkers—Lucan, Cicero, and Euripides—with the early Christians in order to show that it was historical insight rather than intelligence or strength that separated the real promoters of change from their opponents.Less
This chapter examines a wide selection of books and essays produced by Froude in the 1870s to further explore themes of his philosophy of history considered in earlier chapters. It seeks to show that his view of the role of single individuals in bringing about historical change was a good deal more complex and more nuanced than the simple understanding of the importance of Great Men has assumed. Particular attention is given to his apparently contradictory assessments of Thomas Becket and his near contemporary St Hugo of Avalon, his carefully nuanced study of Bunyan, and his highly controversial study of Julius Caesar. It concludes with an analysis of a set of studies in which Froude contrasted the intellectual outlook of the finest pagan thinkers—Lucan, Cicero, and Euripides—with the early Christians in order to show that it was historical insight rather than intelligence or strength that separated the real promoters of change from their opponents.
Jackie Victor
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781447327868
- eISBN:
- 9781447327882
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447327868.003.0022
- Subject:
- Sociology, Culture
When Jackie Victor and her then partner, Ann Perrault, opened Avalon International Breads on Willis Street in June 1997, they challenged the narrative that Detroit was closed for business. They were ...
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When Jackie Victor and her then partner, Ann Perrault, opened Avalon International Breads on Willis Street in June 1997, they challenged the narrative that Detroit was closed for business. They were one of the first new businesses to open in Midtown and the success of their business helped to change the narratives about Detroit. In this interview, Jackie Victor discusses her triple bottom line (earth, community, employees) business model, the role that Avalon played in gentrification and changes in Midtown, the challenges still facing Detroit, such as growing economic, social and spatial inequality and the role that businesses and entrepreneurs play in shaping citiesLess
When Jackie Victor and her then partner, Ann Perrault, opened Avalon International Breads on Willis Street in June 1997, they challenged the narrative that Detroit was closed for business. They were one of the first new businesses to open in Midtown and the success of their business helped to change the narratives about Detroit. In this interview, Jackie Victor discusses her triple bottom line (earth, community, employees) business model, the role that Avalon played in gentrification and changes in Midtown, the challenges still facing Detroit, such as growing economic, social and spatial inequality and the role that businesses and entrepreneurs play in shaping cities
Philip R. Ratcliffe
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781617030086
- eISBN:
- 9781617030093
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781617030086.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
When Mississippi John Hurt (1892–1966) was “rediscovered” by blues revivalists in 1963, his musicianship and recordings transformed popular notions of prewar country blues. At seventy-one he moved to ...
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When Mississippi John Hurt (1892–1966) was “rediscovered” by blues revivalists in 1963, his musicianship and recordings transformed popular notions of prewar country blues. At seventy-one he moved to Washington, D.C., from Avalon, Mississippi, and became a live-wire connection to a powerful, authentic past. Hurt's intricate and lively style made him the most sought-after musician among the many talents the revival brought to light. This book provides this legendary creator's life story. The author traces Hurt's roots to the moment his mother Mary Jane McCain and his father Isom Hurt were freed from slavery. Anecdotes from Hurt's childhood and teenage years include the destiny-making moment when his mother purchased his first guitar for $1.50, when he was only nine years old. Stories from his neighbors and friends, from both of his wives, and from his extended family round out the community picture of Avalon. U.S. census records, Hurt's first marriage record in 1916, images of his first autographed LP record, and excerpts from personal letters written in his own hand provide treasures for fans. The author details Hurt's musical influences, and the origins of his style and repertoire. He also relates numerous stories from the time of Hurt's success, drawing on published sources and many hours of interviews with people who knew Hurt well, including the late Jerry Ricks, Pat Sky, Stefan Grossman and Max Ochs, Dick Spottswood, and the late Mike Stewart. In addition, some of the last photographs taken of the legendary musician are featured.Less
When Mississippi John Hurt (1892–1966) was “rediscovered” by blues revivalists in 1963, his musicianship and recordings transformed popular notions of prewar country blues. At seventy-one he moved to Washington, D.C., from Avalon, Mississippi, and became a live-wire connection to a powerful, authentic past. Hurt's intricate and lively style made him the most sought-after musician among the many talents the revival brought to light. This book provides this legendary creator's life story. The author traces Hurt's roots to the moment his mother Mary Jane McCain and his father Isom Hurt were freed from slavery. Anecdotes from Hurt's childhood and teenage years include the destiny-making moment when his mother purchased his first guitar for $1.50, when he was only nine years old. Stories from his neighbors and friends, from both of his wives, and from his extended family round out the community picture of Avalon. U.S. census records, Hurt's first marriage record in 1916, images of his first autographed LP record, and excerpts from personal letters written in his own hand provide treasures for fans. The author details Hurt's musical influences, and the origins of his style and repertoire. He also relates numerous stories from the time of Hurt's success, drawing on published sources and many hours of interviews with people who knew Hurt well, including the late Jerry Ricks, Pat Sky, Stefan Grossman and Max Ochs, Dick Spottswood, and the late Mike Stewart. In addition, some of the last photographs taken of the legendary musician are featured.
Vic Hobson
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781496819772
- eISBN:
- 9781496819826
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496819772.003.0010
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
This chapter looks at Armstrong’s development as a musician in his time with Fate Marable and his orchestra on the Streckfus riverboats. Joe Howard, Norman Mason, and Davy Jones, all good readers and ...
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This chapter looks at Armstrong’s development as a musician in his time with Fate Marable and his orchestra on the Streckfus riverboats. Joe Howard, Norman Mason, and Davy Jones, all good readers and veterans of the minstrel shows, helped Armstrong with his studies. This chapter explores the changing dance tempos as jazz and the Fox-Trot replaced ragtime and the One-Step. The chapter also looks at how barbershop principles were influencing white musicians and being written into sheet music arrangements in relation to “Avalon” (1920).Less
This chapter looks at Armstrong’s development as a musician in his time with Fate Marable and his orchestra on the Streckfus riverboats. Joe Howard, Norman Mason, and Davy Jones, all good readers and veterans of the minstrel shows, helped Armstrong with his studies. This chapter explores the changing dance tempos as jazz and the Fox-Trot replaced ragtime and the One-Step. The chapter also looks at how barbershop principles were influencing white musicians and being written into sheet music arrangements in relation to “Avalon” (1920).
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226044941
- eISBN:
- 9780226044965
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226044965.003.0002
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
This chapter introduces white bandleader Jan Garber, and also investigates several versions of “Avalon.” The story of Santa Catalina's Casino Ballroom offered novel perspectives on how popular music ...
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This chapter introduces white bandleader Jan Garber, and also investigates several versions of “Avalon.” The story of Santa Catalina's Casino Ballroom offered novel perspectives on how popular music presented American experiences of place. The sweet “Avalon” of Jan Garber's band illustrated musical relationships and values that were well mixed to the ideology of island's promoters. The Santa Catalina Island Company adopted it as an unofficial anthem for the island. Jimmie Lunceford and His Orchestra, the Casa Loma Orchestra, and Jan Garber and His Orchestra produced the three commercially recorded versions of “Avalon.” Garber's “Avalon” was an excellent match to the ideology of the real Avalon. Considered together, the Lunceford and Casa Loma bands developed a musical “Avalon” that is far more open to other voices. Throughout the 1930s and '40s, “Avalon” was an easily accessible and widely understood sign for a complex of nostalgic emotions: yearning, loss, and memory.Less
This chapter introduces white bandleader Jan Garber, and also investigates several versions of “Avalon.” The story of Santa Catalina's Casino Ballroom offered novel perspectives on how popular music presented American experiences of place. The sweet “Avalon” of Jan Garber's band illustrated musical relationships and values that were well mixed to the ideology of island's promoters. The Santa Catalina Island Company adopted it as an unofficial anthem for the island. Jimmie Lunceford and His Orchestra, the Casa Loma Orchestra, and Jan Garber and His Orchestra produced the three commercially recorded versions of “Avalon.” Garber's “Avalon” was an excellent match to the ideology of the real Avalon. Considered together, the Lunceford and Casa Loma bands developed a musical “Avalon” that is far more open to other voices. Throughout the 1930s and '40s, “Avalon” was an easily accessible and widely understood sign for a complex of nostalgic emotions: yearning, loss, and memory.
Karen Sullivan
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780226540122
- eISBN:
- 9780226540436
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226540436.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, Early and Medieval Literature
In the twelfth and the early thirteenth centuries, medieval thinkers disagreed about the historical value of accounts of King Arthur. Many historians of the time expressed skepticism about the more ...
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In the twelfth and the early thirteenth centuries, medieval thinkers disagreed about the historical value of accounts of King Arthur. Many historians of the time expressed skepticism about the more marvelous aspects of this king’s legend and even about his very existence. In the Vulgate and Post-Vulgate Cycles, the barons of the Kingdom of Logres doubt that the seemingly low-born youth who draws the sword from the stone is their rightful king. Some of Arthur’s vassals fail to recognize the greatness of his rule and his court to the point where they ally themselves with the traitor Mordred, rebel against their lord, and bring about the destruction of the kingdom. The most influential account of Arthur’s last days, The Death of King Arthur, stresses the uncertainty of the king’s last surviving retainer, who was the only eyewitness to these fantastical events and who could not make sense of what he saw. A great ruler, a great court, a great kingdom, these texts suggest, are never experienced in their full plenitude in the present, but are always remembered as something that occurred in the past or anticipated as something that will reoccur in the future.Less
In the twelfth and the early thirteenth centuries, medieval thinkers disagreed about the historical value of accounts of King Arthur. Many historians of the time expressed skepticism about the more marvelous aspects of this king’s legend and even about his very existence. In the Vulgate and Post-Vulgate Cycles, the barons of the Kingdom of Logres doubt that the seemingly low-born youth who draws the sword from the stone is their rightful king. Some of Arthur’s vassals fail to recognize the greatness of his rule and his court to the point where they ally themselves with the traitor Mordred, rebel against their lord, and bring about the destruction of the kingdom. The most influential account of Arthur’s last days, The Death of King Arthur, stresses the uncertainty of the king’s last surviving retainer, who was the only eyewitness to these fantastical events and who could not make sense of what he saw. A great ruler, a great court, a great kingdom, these texts suggest, are never experienced in their full plenitude in the present, but are always remembered as something that occurred in the past or anticipated as something that will reoccur in the future.
Olaf U. Janzen
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781927869024
- eISBN:
- 9781786944429
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781927869024.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This chapter explores the continuous struggle between the French and British empires over each others’ presence in Newfoundland. It examines the question of sovereignty and the way each nation ...
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This chapter explores the continuous struggle between the French and British empires over each others’ presence in Newfoundland. It examines the question of sovereignty and the way each nation interpreted the Treaty of Utrecht in their own favour. It is particularly concerned with settlements in the western Newfoundland and the significance of Hugh Palliser’s actions whilst Governor of Newfoundland, the increases to British warship presence in the west, and the role of the Royal Navy as an agent of both defence and diplomacy.Less
This chapter explores the continuous struggle between the French and British empires over each others’ presence in Newfoundland. It examines the question of sovereignty and the way each nation interpreted the Treaty of Utrecht in their own favour. It is particularly concerned with settlements in the western Newfoundland and the significance of Hugh Palliser’s actions whilst Governor of Newfoundland, the increases to British warship presence in the west, and the role of the Royal Navy as an agent of both defence and diplomacy.
Aisling Byrne
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198746003
- eISBN:
- 9780191808708
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198746003.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, Early and Medieval Literature, Folk Literature
This chapter discusses the validating power of the supernatural within a narrative. It pays particular attention to the manner in which depictions of the otherworld address ideas of kingship and ...
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This chapter discusses the validating power of the supernatural within a narrative. It pays particular attention to the manner in which depictions of the otherworld address ideas of kingship and succession in a group of related Irish narratives. It then proceeds to an analysis of the role of Avalon within the Arthurian tradition and the political impact of the notion of Arthur’s return. Finally, it considers how the popular story of Alexander the Great’s journey to the Earthly Paradise represents both the summit and the limit of his achievements. These texts highlight the ways in which otherworld narratives engage actively and creatively with historical (usually political) reality.Less
This chapter discusses the validating power of the supernatural within a narrative. It pays particular attention to the manner in which depictions of the otherworld address ideas of kingship and succession in a group of related Irish narratives. It then proceeds to an analysis of the role of Avalon within the Arthurian tradition and the political impact of the notion of Arthur’s return. Finally, it considers how the popular story of Alexander the Great’s journey to the Earthly Paradise represents both the summit and the limit of his achievements. These texts highlight the ways in which otherworld narratives engage actively and creatively with historical (usually political) reality.
