Ian W. McLean
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691154671
- eISBN:
- 9781400845439
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691154671.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This chapter talks about negative shocks from internal imbalance, external factors, and drought wrought havoc with the economy for more than a decade. Against this background of a major threat to ...
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This chapter talks about negative shocks from internal imbalance, external factors, and drought wrought havoc with the economy for more than a decade. Against this background of a major threat to prosperity, important changes occurred in the institutional framework with the federation of the Australian colonies in 1901. Though some recovery in economic fortunes occurred before the outbreak of war, it was short-lived. Per capita real GDP fell by 22 percent by 1895 and did not regain its 1889 peak for a full two decades. The approach adopted here includes a comparative perspective on Australians' reduced levels of prosperity between 1890 and 1914. Australia recorded the highest per capita income in the world for some period prior to the 1890s. The chapter shows how this achievement has never been repeated.Less
This chapter talks about negative shocks from internal imbalance, external factors, and drought wrought havoc with the economy for more than a decade. Against this background of a major threat to prosperity, important changes occurred in the institutional framework with the federation of the Australian colonies in 1901. Though some recovery in economic fortunes occurred before the outbreak of war, it was short-lived. Per capita real GDP fell by 22 percent by 1895 and did not regain its 1889 peak for a full two decades. The approach adopted here includes a comparative perspective on Australians' reduced levels of prosperity between 1890 and 1914. Australia recorded the highest per capita income in the world for some period prior to the 1890s. The chapter shows how this achievement has never been repeated.
Geoffrey Bolton
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199563739
- eISBN:
- 9780191701894
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563739.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter examines the nature of investment, trade, and economic nationalism in colonial Australia. It argues that British finance played only a minor role in the first half-century of ...
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This chapter examines the nature of investment, trade, and economic nationalism in colonial Australia. It argues that British finance played only a minor role in the first half-century of colonization because during this period Australian colonies remained undercapitalized. However, free trading brought great advantages to Australian exporters to Britain and entrepreneurs benefitted from membership to the Empire by being able to offer loans on the London markets at favourable secured rates.Less
This chapter examines the nature of investment, trade, and economic nationalism in colonial Australia. It argues that British finance played only a minor role in the first half-century of colonization because during this period Australian colonies remained undercapitalized. However, free trading brought great advantages to Australian exporters to Britain and entrepreneurs benefitted from membership to the Empire by being able to offer loans on the London markets at favourable secured rates.
Ian W. McLean
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691154671
- eISBN:
- 9781400845439
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691154671.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This chapter looks at how the gold rushes beginning in the 1850s brought not only a diversification of the economic basis of prosperity beyond that provided by the wool industry, but coincided with ...
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This chapter looks at how the gold rushes beginning in the 1850s brought not only a diversification of the economic basis of prosperity beyond that provided by the wool industry, but coincided with the de facto political independence of five of the Australian colonies through their attainment of responsible government from Britain. Critical to the maintenance and extension of prosperity during these turbulent years was the way in which the shock to the economy of the gold discoveries was mediated by the evolving economic and political institutions. Gold continued to be important to prosperity for several decades, while a resumption of the expansion of the wool industry was matched by the development of other branches of agriculture.Less
This chapter looks at how the gold rushes beginning in the 1850s brought not only a diversification of the economic basis of prosperity beyond that provided by the wool industry, but coincided with the de facto political independence of five of the Australian colonies through their attainment of responsible government from Britain. Critical to the maintenance and extension of prosperity during these turbulent years was the way in which the shock to the economy of the gold discoveries was mediated by the evolving economic and political institutions. Gold continued to be important to prosperity for several decades, while a resumption of the expansion of the wool industry was matched by the development of other branches of agriculture.
Peter H. Hoffenberg
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520218918
- eISBN:
- 9780520922969
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520218918.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter examines the relevance of exhibitions to British imperialism. It explains that exhibitions provided for a simultaneous and shared envisioning and for physical participation, in addition ...
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This chapter examines the relevance of exhibitions to British imperialism. It explains that exhibitions provided for a simultaneous and shared envisioning and for physical participation, in addition to the collective psychological and cultural processes of imagining the nation and empire. The chapter suggests that enthusiasm for exhibitions was also articulated across the Indian Ocean from the Australian colonies, and that exhibitions also offered intellectual, economic, and cultural sinews to tie together the vast leviathan of British India.Less
This chapter examines the relevance of exhibitions to British imperialism. It explains that exhibitions provided for a simultaneous and shared envisioning and for physical participation, in addition to the collective psychological and cultural processes of imagining the nation and empire. The chapter suggests that enthusiasm for exhibitions was also articulated across the Indian Ocean from the Australian colonies, and that exhibitions also offered intellectual, economic, and cultural sinews to tie together the vast leviathan of British India.
Cian T. McMahon
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469620107
- eISBN:
- 9781469620121
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469620107.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Environmental History
This chapter examines Irish racial discourse in the Australian colonies during the five years that the Young Irelanders spent there as “state prisoners.” Juxtaposing the private and public writings ...
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This chapter examines Irish racial discourse in the Australian colonies during the five years that the Young Irelanders spent there as “state prisoners.” Juxtaposing the private and public writings of these exiles with the opinions of Irish Australia’s main weekly newspaper, the chapter reveals the early inklings of global nationalism. On the one hand, finding themselves in a society united not by nationalism but by settler colonialism, Irish Celts portrayed themselves as hearty pioneers entirely suitable for membership in this far-flung British settler society. On the other hand, global nationalism’s edge of ethnic solidarity, which situated these migrants spatially among contemporary Irish Celts abroad, remained strong. As it had in Ireland in the 1840s, the international spread of the Irish popular press fostered the construction of this new identity.Less
This chapter examines Irish racial discourse in the Australian colonies during the five years that the Young Irelanders spent there as “state prisoners.” Juxtaposing the private and public writings of these exiles with the opinions of Irish Australia’s main weekly newspaper, the chapter reveals the early inklings of global nationalism. On the one hand, finding themselves in a society united not by nationalism but by settler colonialism, Irish Celts portrayed themselves as hearty pioneers entirely suitable for membership in this far-flung British settler society. On the other hand, global nationalism’s edge of ethnic solidarity, which situated these migrants spatially among contemporary Irish Celts abroad, remained strong. As it had in Ireland in the 1840s, the international spread of the Irish popular press fostered the construction of this new identity.
Lindsay J. Proudfoot and Dianne P. Hall
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719078378
- eISBN:
- 9781781702895
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719078378.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
This book takes two of the most influential minority groups of white settlers in the British Empire—the Irish and the Scots—and explores how they imagined themselves within the landscapes of its ...
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This book takes two of the most influential minority groups of white settlers in the British Empire—the Irish and the Scots—and explores how they imagined themselves within the landscapes of its farthest reaches, the Australian colonies of Victoria and New South Wales. Using letters and diaries as well as records of collective activities such as committee meetings, parades and dinners, it examines how the Irish and Scots built new identities as settlers in the unknown spaces of Empire. Utilizing critical geographical theories of ‘place’ as the site of memory and agency, the book considers how Irish and Scots settlers grounded their sense of belonging in the imagined landscapes of south-east Australia. Emphasizing the complexity of colonial identity formation and the ways in which this was spatially constructed, it challenges conventional understandings of the Irish and Scottish presence in Australia. The opening chapters locate the book's themes and perspectives within a survey of the existing historical and geographical literature on empire and diaspora. These pay particular attention to the ‘new’ imperial history and to alternative transnational and ‘located’ understandings of diasporic consciousness. Subsequent chapters work within these frames and examine the constructions of place evinced by Irish and Scottish emigrants during the outward voyage and subsequent processes of pastoral and urban settlement, and in religious observance.Less
This book takes two of the most influential minority groups of white settlers in the British Empire—the Irish and the Scots—and explores how they imagined themselves within the landscapes of its farthest reaches, the Australian colonies of Victoria and New South Wales. Using letters and diaries as well as records of collective activities such as committee meetings, parades and dinners, it examines how the Irish and Scots built new identities as settlers in the unknown spaces of Empire. Utilizing critical geographical theories of ‘place’ as the site of memory and agency, the book considers how Irish and Scots settlers grounded their sense of belonging in the imagined landscapes of south-east Australia. Emphasizing the complexity of colonial identity formation and the ways in which this was spatially constructed, it challenges conventional understandings of the Irish and Scottish presence in Australia. The opening chapters locate the book's themes and perspectives within a survey of the existing historical and geographical literature on empire and diaspora. These pay particular attention to the ‘new’ imperial history and to alternative transnational and ‘located’ understandings of diasporic consciousness. Subsequent chapters work within these frames and examine the constructions of place evinced by Irish and Scottish emigrants during the outward voyage and subsequent processes of pastoral and urban settlement, and in religious observance.
Ben Silverstein
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824835637
- eISBN:
- 9780824871420
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824835637.003.0004
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Pacific Studies
This chapter examines the advent of native title in Australia. In the Australian settler colony, native title figures in the liberal imagination as a moment where some sort of hybridization of ...
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This chapter examines the advent of native title in Australia. In the Australian settler colony, native title figures in the liberal imagination as a moment where some sort of hybridization of sovereignty could be achieved. However, once historicized in this context, it signifies not a pluralistic sharing of lawmaking power but an incorporation of Indigenous sovereignties, which limits their possibilities by transforming them into a supplement to the decentered settler sovereignty that is destabilized by the acknowledgment of precolonial—and continuing—Indigenous communities. As such a supplement, it therefore suppresses the danger of the end of terra nullius, reaffirming the force of settler law through reburying Indigenous sovereignties at its foundation.Less
This chapter examines the advent of native title in Australia. In the Australian settler colony, native title figures in the liberal imagination as a moment where some sort of hybridization of sovereignty could be achieved. However, once historicized in this context, it signifies not a pluralistic sharing of lawmaking power but an incorporation of Indigenous sovereignties, which limits their possibilities by transforming them into a supplement to the decentered settler sovereignty that is destabilized by the acknowledgment of precolonial—and continuing—Indigenous communities. As such a supplement, it therefore suppresses the danger of the end of terra nullius, reaffirming the force of settler law through reburying Indigenous sovereignties at its foundation.
Pete Minard
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781469651613
- eISBN:
- 9781469651637
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469651613.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Environmental History
Species acclimatization--the organized introduction of organisms to a new region--is much maligned in the present day. However, colonization depended on moving people, plants, and animals from place ...
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Species acclimatization--the organized introduction of organisms to a new region--is much maligned in the present day. However, colonization depended on moving people, plants, and animals from place to place, and in centuries past, scientists, landowners, and philanthropists formed acclimatization societies to study local species and conditions, form networks of supporters, and exchange supposedly useful local and exotic organisms across the globe.
Pete Minard tells the story of this movement, arguing that the colonies, not the imperial centers, led the movement for species acclimatization. Far from attempting to re-create London or Paris, settlers sought to combine plants and animals to correct earlier environmental damage and to populate forests, farms, and streams to make them healthier and more productive. By focusing particularly on the Australian colony of Victoria, Minard reveals a global network of would-be acclimatizers, from Britain and France to Russia and the United States. Although the movement was short-lived, the long reach of nineteenth-century acclimatization societies continues to be felt today, from choked waterways to the uncontrollable expansion of European pests in former colonies.Less
Species acclimatization--the organized introduction of organisms to a new region--is much maligned in the present day. However, colonization depended on moving people, plants, and animals from place to place, and in centuries past, scientists, landowners, and philanthropists formed acclimatization societies to study local species and conditions, form networks of supporters, and exchange supposedly useful local and exotic organisms across the globe.
Pete Minard tells the story of this movement, arguing that the colonies, not the imperial centers, led the movement for species acclimatization. Far from attempting to re-create London or Paris, settlers sought to combine plants and animals to correct earlier environmental damage and to populate forests, farms, and streams to make them healthier and more productive. By focusing particularly on the Australian colony of Victoria, Minard reveals a global network of would-be acclimatizers, from Britain and France to Russia and the United States. Although the movement was short-lived, the long reach of nineteenth-century acclimatization societies continues to be felt today, from choked waterways to the uncontrollable expansion of European pests in former colonies.