Brian Ward
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780813044378
- eISBN:
- 9780813046471
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813044378.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This chapter uses the memoirs of Caryl Phillips and the theoretical writings of Atlantic historian David Armitage as the springboard for a wide-ranging critical survey of scholarly and creative ...
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This chapter uses the memoirs of Caryl Phillips and the theoretical writings of Atlantic historian David Armitage as the springboard for a wide-ranging critical survey of scholarly and creative attempts to place the American South in an Atlantic World framework. Spanning a variety of traditional disciplinary and temporal divides, it evaluates those efforts in the context of other moves within American Studies and the New Southern Studies to place the nation and the region in Global and Hemispheric (or New World) contexts. Noting the tremendous technical challenges posed by situating the American South within a comprehensive Atlantic World framework, the essay stresses the value of “granular” approaches to the mutually constitutive relationships between the American South and the Atlantic World: a granularity evident in studies that focus primarily on particular places, individuals, groups, moments, or themes in order to trace the significance of much broader Atlantic forces as they flow in and out of the South.Less
This chapter uses the memoirs of Caryl Phillips and the theoretical writings of Atlantic historian David Armitage as the springboard for a wide-ranging critical survey of scholarly and creative attempts to place the American South in an Atlantic World framework. Spanning a variety of traditional disciplinary and temporal divides, it evaluates those efforts in the context of other moves within American Studies and the New Southern Studies to place the nation and the region in Global and Hemispheric (or New World) contexts. Noting the tremendous technical challenges posed by situating the American South within a comprehensive Atlantic World framework, the essay stresses the value of “granular” approaches to the mutually constitutive relationships between the American South and the Atlantic World: a granularity evident in studies that focus primarily on particular places, individuals, groups, moments, or themes in order to trace the significance of much broader Atlantic forces as they flow in and out of the South.
ANTÓNIO DE ALMEIDA MENDES
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197265208
- eISBN:
- 9780191754180
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265208.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, World Early Modern History
The chronological and geographical preferences of Atlantic researchers often produce historiographies cloistered in nationalisms and particularised cultural identities. The Portuguese expansion in ...
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The chronological and geographical preferences of Atlantic researchers often produce historiographies cloistered in nationalisms and particularised cultural identities. The Portuguese expansion in the Atlantic world is often read as an epic of this time, bringing together the histories of Europe, Africa and the Americas and in fact legitimising and explicating the contemporary domination of the Global North over the Global South. This chapter localises the first contacts of Portuguese and Africans within the specific time and place of 15th-century Senegambia. Decoding the military and commercial initiatives of the Portuguese Crown and their North African and sub-Saharan African partners reveals an intertwined history linking the African and European continents. Initiatives coordinated by mercantile agents, together with the flux of free and forced labour, all contribute towards understanding the basis of the first Atlantic civilization based on production and labour.Less
The chronological and geographical preferences of Atlantic researchers often produce historiographies cloistered in nationalisms and particularised cultural identities. The Portuguese expansion in the Atlantic world is often read as an epic of this time, bringing together the histories of Europe, Africa and the Americas and in fact legitimising and explicating the contemporary domination of the Global North over the Global South. This chapter localises the first contacts of Portuguese and Africans within the specific time and place of 15th-century Senegambia. Decoding the military and commercial initiatives of the Portuguese Crown and their North African and sub-Saharan African partners reveals an intertwined history linking the African and European continents. Initiatives coordinated by mercantile agents, together with the flux of free and forced labour, all contribute towards understanding the basis of the first Atlantic civilization based on production and labour.
Keith Cartwright
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780813044378
- eISBN:
- 9780813046471
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813044378.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This chapter reminds us that subjective judgements and personal knowledge of the Atlantic World, whether recorded in memoir, expressed in literature and other creative arts, or channelled into a ...
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This chapter reminds us that subjective judgements and personal knowledge of the Atlantic World, whether recorded in memoir, expressed in literature and other creative arts, or channelled into a particular brand of scholarship, have been important elements in generating understandings of the South’s relationship to places around the Atlantic. In offering a bold, multi-layered, temporally expansive interdisciplinary essay that circumnavigates the Atlantic World several times, Cartwright demonstrates how experiences, real and imagined, of the American South, of the Atlantic World, and of the connections between them, have always varied according to precisely whose perspective is being examined, privileged, or obscured.Less
This chapter reminds us that subjective judgements and personal knowledge of the Atlantic World, whether recorded in memoir, expressed in literature and other creative arts, or channelled into a particular brand of scholarship, have been important elements in generating understandings of the South’s relationship to places around the Atlantic. In offering a bold, multi-layered, temporally expansive interdisciplinary essay that circumnavigates the Atlantic World several times, Cartwright demonstrates how experiences, real and imagined, of the American South, of the Atlantic World, and of the connections between them, have always varied according to precisely whose perspective is being examined, privileged, or obscured.
Brian Ward, Martyn Bone, and William A. Link (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780813044378
- eISBN:
- 9780813046471
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813044378.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This volume showcases, but also interrogates, the value of Atlantic World approaches to the histories and cultures of the American South. Challenging the traditional chronological focus of most ...
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This volume showcases, but also interrogates, the value of Atlantic World approaches to the histories and cultures of the American South. Challenging the traditional chronological focus of most Atlantic history on the Early Modern period, the volume ranges from colonial times to the modern era, while thematically it embraces a variety of disciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches to topics such as economics, migration, religion, revolution, law, slavery, race relations, emancipation, gender, literature, performance, visual culture, memoir, ethnography, empires, nations, and historiography. Geographically, the chapters focus mainly on the southern region of the North American continent and the lands in and around the Atlantic Ocean-although the physical location of a putative “Atlantic World” and, for that matter, of something we can call an “American South” are among the definitional issues with which the volume wrestles. Ultimately, the value of any grand concept such as Atlantic History, or Atlantic Studies, or the Black Atlantic depends on its capacity to explain past or present social realities. The cumulative effect of the mix of case studies and state-of-the-field essays gathered in this volume is to affirm that there is much to be learned about both the American South and the Atlantic World by considering them together and from diverse disciplinary perspectives. In so doing, the volume makes a valuable contribution to the fields of American, southern, and Atlantic Studies.Less
This volume showcases, but also interrogates, the value of Atlantic World approaches to the histories and cultures of the American South. Challenging the traditional chronological focus of most Atlantic history on the Early Modern period, the volume ranges from colonial times to the modern era, while thematically it embraces a variety of disciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches to topics such as economics, migration, religion, revolution, law, slavery, race relations, emancipation, gender, literature, performance, visual culture, memoir, ethnography, empires, nations, and historiography. Geographically, the chapters focus mainly on the southern region of the North American continent and the lands in and around the Atlantic Ocean-although the physical location of a putative “Atlantic World” and, for that matter, of something we can call an “American South” are among the definitional issues with which the volume wrestles. Ultimately, the value of any grand concept such as Atlantic History, or Atlantic Studies, or the Black Atlantic depends on its capacity to explain past or present social realities. The cumulative effect of the mix of case studies and state-of-the-field essays gathered in this volume is to affirm that there is much to be learned about both the American South and the Atlantic World by considering them together and from diverse disciplinary perspectives. In so doing, the volume makes a valuable contribution to the fields of American, southern, and Atlantic Studies.
Joseph P. Ward (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781496812193
- eISBN:
- 9781496812230
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496812193.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This multi-authored volume examines the process of European expansion into the Atlantic by focusing on a region that has come to be known as the American South. During the three centuries after ...
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This multi-authored volume examines the process of European expansion into the Atlantic by focusing on a region that has come to be known as the American South. During the three centuries after Europeans began to cross the Atlantic with confidence, they interacted with one another, with the native people, and with enslaved Africans across the South. The volume's essays offer examples of colonial encounter for those who are curious about how the broad processes of historical change influenced particular people and places. In recent years there have appeared several important studies that address the Atlantic World generally and/or the specific experiences of Spanish, British, and French imperial projects in the South. A key aspect of each of these colonial schemes was finding ways to engage profitably—from the European perspective—with Native Americans. The consequences of Indian encounters with European invaders has long been a principal feature of ethnohistorical research, but during the last long generation scholars of Native Americans in the South have increasingly viewed their subject in an Atlantic World context. With such scholarship as its foundation, the goal of the present volume is to bring together scholars with research linked to each of the three major European colonial powers to draw increased scholarly attention to the South as a significant arena of imperial ambition.Less
This multi-authored volume examines the process of European expansion into the Atlantic by focusing on a region that has come to be known as the American South. During the three centuries after Europeans began to cross the Atlantic with confidence, they interacted with one another, with the native people, and with enslaved Africans across the South. The volume's essays offer examples of colonial encounter for those who are curious about how the broad processes of historical change influenced particular people and places. In recent years there have appeared several important studies that address the Atlantic World generally and/or the specific experiences of Spanish, British, and French imperial projects in the South. A key aspect of each of these colonial schemes was finding ways to engage profitably—from the European perspective—with Native Americans. The consequences of Indian encounters with European invaders has long been a principal feature of ethnohistorical research, but during the last long generation scholars of Native Americans in the South have increasingly viewed their subject in an Atlantic World context. With such scholarship as its foundation, the goal of the present volume is to bring together scholars with research linked to each of the three major European colonial powers to draw increased scholarly attention to the South as a significant arena of imperial ambition.
Julia Gaffield
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469625621
- eISBN:
- 9781469625645
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469625621.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
The introduction highlights the current scholarly emphasis on non-recognition and isolation in the decades following Haitian independence but reveals that primary source research calls this claim ...
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The introduction highlights the current scholarly emphasis on non-recognition and isolation in the decades following Haitian independence but reveals that primary source research calls this claim into question. The introduction also shows how these sources shed light on debates and applications of sovereignty in the early modern era. Haiti struggled to gain access as an equal to the international community because its independence posed unique challenges to the existing international order of the Atlantic World.Less
The introduction highlights the current scholarly emphasis on non-recognition and isolation in the decades following Haitian independence but reveals that primary source research calls this claim into question. The introduction also shows how these sources shed light on debates and applications of sovereignty in the early modern era. Haiti struggled to gain access as an equal to the international community because its independence posed unique challenges to the existing international order of the Atlantic World.
Travis Glasson
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199773961
- eISBN:
- 9780199919017
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199773961.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
Beginning in 1701, the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts (SPG) launched one of the earliest and most sustained efforts to Christianize enslaved people in Britain’s colonies. ...
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Beginning in 1701, the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts (SPG) launched one of the earliest and most sustained efforts to Christianize enslaved people in Britain’s colonies. This book examines the history of this program and offers a new assessment of the missionary encounters it produced in colonial America and around the Atlantic world. Based on a belief in the essential unity of humankind, the Society’s missionaries worked to convert slaves and improve their treatment. However, over time the Society became increasingly comfortable with slavery, allied with masters, and willing to embrace slavery as a missionary tool. As this book shows, these developments provided moral and intellectual support to masters and they help explain why only a minority of enslaved people in colonial America adopted Anglicanism. Two key sites show how these dynamics operated in the wider Atlantic world. On its Codrington sugar plantation in Barbados, the Society owned hundreds of people and hoped to simultaneously make profits and save souls. In Africa, it cooperated with slave traders and established a mission at Cape Coast Castle, at the heart of the British slave trade. This book closes with a re-examination of the Society’s place in the history of abolition and emancipation. While some accounts have stressed SPG supporters’ reformism and anti-slave trade statements, here a re-evaluation reveals the Society’s corporate commitment to slavery, how its history was used to defend slaveholding, and how antislavery activists viewed the Society as a significant institutional opponent.Less
Beginning in 1701, the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts (SPG) launched one of the earliest and most sustained efforts to Christianize enslaved people in Britain’s colonies. This book examines the history of this program and offers a new assessment of the missionary encounters it produced in colonial America and around the Atlantic world. Based on a belief in the essential unity of humankind, the Society’s missionaries worked to convert slaves and improve their treatment. However, over time the Society became increasingly comfortable with slavery, allied with masters, and willing to embrace slavery as a missionary tool. As this book shows, these developments provided moral and intellectual support to masters and they help explain why only a minority of enslaved people in colonial America adopted Anglicanism. Two key sites show how these dynamics operated in the wider Atlantic world. On its Codrington sugar plantation in Barbados, the Society owned hundreds of people and hoped to simultaneously make profits and save souls. In Africa, it cooperated with slave traders and established a mission at Cape Coast Castle, at the heart of the British slave trade. This book closes with a re-examination of the Society’s place in the history of abolition and emancipation. While some accounts have stressed SPG supporters’ reformism and anti-slave trade statements, here a re-evaluation reveals the Society’s corporate commitment to slavery, how its history was used to defend slaveholding, and how antislavery activists viewed the Society as a significant institutional opponent.
Natanya Keisha Duncan
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780813044378
- eISBN:
- 9780813046471
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813044378.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This chapter focuses on the rise and tragic fall of the Ghanaian-born Garveyite Princess Laura Kofey and her political, economic, and cultural activities on behalf of the Universal Negro Improvement ...
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This chapter focuses on the rise and tragic fall of the Ghanaian-born Garveyite Princess Laura Kofey and her political, economic, and cultural activities on behalf of the Universal Negro Improvement Association in interwar Florida, Alabama, and Louisiana. The chapter reveals the special place that the American South and its African American population occupied in Kofey’s plans for greater commercial ties between Africans and African Americans and, ultimately, for repatriation. By noting the regional, gender, class, religious, and racial dimensions of Kofey’s transatlantic experiences, the chapter adds nuance to our appreciation of how the Black Atlantic functioned and how diasporic identities were constructed.Less
This chapter focuses on the rise and tragic fall of the Ghanaian-born Garveyite Princess Laura Kofey and her political, economic, and cultural activities on behalf of the Universal Negro Improvement Association in interwar Florida, Alabama, and Louisiana. The chapter reveals the special place that the American South and its African American population occupied in Kofey’s plans for greater commercial ties between Africans and African Americans and, ultimately, for repatriation. By noting the regional, gender, class, religious, and racial dimensions of Kofey’s transatlantic experiences, the chapter adds nuance to our appreciation of how the Black Atlantic functioned and how diasporic identities were constructed.
Kendahl Radcliffe, Jennifer Scott, and Anja Werner (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781628461558
- eISBN:
- 9781626740839
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781628461558.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
Anywhere But Here: Black Intellectuals, The Atlantic World and Beyond brings together new scholarship on the cross-cultural experiences of intellectuals of African descent since the 18th century. The ...
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Anywhere But Here: Black Intellectuals, The Atlantic World and Beyond brings together new scholarship on the cross-cultural experiences of intellectuals of African descent since the 18th century. The intent of this book is not to dismantle Paul Gilroy’s thesis but to embrace it and venture “beyond” the traditional organization and symbolism of the “Black Atlantic.” This collection of essays is not organized geographically or historically by era; instead, contributions are arranged into three sections which highlight the motivations and characteristics that connect a certain set of “agents,” thinkers, and intellectuals: 1) Re-ordering Worldviews: Rebellious Thinkers, Poets, Writers, and Political Architects; 2) Crafting Connections: Strategic and Ideological Alliances; 3) Cultural Mastery in Foreign Spaces: Evolving Visions of Home and Identity. These essays are intentionally organized to expand categories and to suggest patterns at play that have united individuals and communities across the African Diaspora. They highlight the self-determined stories of individuals, who from their intercultural, and often marginalized, positioning, challenged the status quo, created strategic (and at times, unexpected) international alliances, cultivated expertise and cultural competency abroad in places that were unfamiliar to them, as well as, crafted physical and intellectual spaces for their self-expression and dignity to thrive. What, for example, connects the 18th century Igbo author, Olaudah Equiano with 1940s literary figure, Richard Wright; 19th century expatriate anthropologist, Antenor Fermin with 1960s Haitian émigrés to the Congo; Japanese Pan-Asianists and Southern Hemisphere Aboriginal activists with Jamaican-born, Marcus Garvey; or Angela Davis with artists of the British Black Arts Movement Ingrid Pollard and Zarina Bhimji? They are all part of a mapping that reaches across and beyond geographical, historical, and ideological boundaries typically associated with the “Black Atlantic.” They reflect accounts of individuals and communities that are equally united in their will to seek out better realities, often, as the title suggests, “anywhere but here.”Less
Anywhere But Here: Black Intellectuals, The Atlantic World and Beyond brings together new scholarship on the cross-cultural experiences of intellectuals of African descent since the 18th century. The intent of this book is not to dismantle Paul Gilroy’s thesis but to embrace it and venture “beyond” the traditional organization and symbolism of the “Black Atlantic.” This collection of essays is not organized geographically or historically by era; instead, contributions are arranged into three sections which highlight the motivations and characteristics that connect a certain set of “agents,” thinkers, and intellectuals: 1) Re-ordering Worldviews: Rebellious Thinkers, Poets, Writers, and Political Architects; 2) Crafting Connections: Strategic and Ideological Alliances; 3) Cultural Mastery in Foreign Spaces: Evolving Visions of Home and Identity. These essays are intentionally organized to expand categories and to suggest patterns at play that have united individuals and communities across the African Diaspora. They highlight the self-determined stories of individuals, who from their intercultural, and often marginalized, positioning, challenged the status quo, created strategic (and at times, unexpected) international alliances, cultivated expertise and cultural competency abroad in places that were unfamiliar to them, as well as, crafted physical and intellectual spaces for their self-expression and dignity to thrive. What, for example, connects the 18th century Igbo author, Olaudah Equiano with 1940s literary figure, Richard Wright; 19th century expatriate anthropologist, Antenor Fermin with 1960s Haitian émigrés to the Congo; Japanese Pan-Asianists and Southern Hemisphere Aboriginal activists with Jamaican-born, Marcus Garvey; or Angela Davis with artists of the British Black Arts Movement Ingrid Pollard and Zarina Bhimji? They are all part of a mapping that reaches across and beyond geographical, historical, and ideological boundaries typically associated with the “Black Atlantic.” They reflect accounts of individuals and communities that are equally united in their will to seek out better realities, often, as the title suggests, “anywhere but here.”
Joseph P. Ward (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781496812193
- eISBN:
- 9781496812230
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496812193.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
The introduction explains how, taken together, the essays in this volume bring to light new evidence of the ways in which the modern South—like so many other parts of the post-colonial world—is built ...
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The introduction explains how, taken together, the essays in this volume bring to light new evidence of the ways in which the modern South—like so many other parts of the post-colonial world—is built upon the wreckage of imperial collapse. Many of the social, economic, political, and environmental pathologies of today’s South took root in failed efforts of Europeans centuries ago to reshape the New World in their own image.Less
The introduction explains how, taken together, the essays in this volume bring to light new evidence of the ways in which the modern South—like so many other parts of the post-colonial world—is built upon the wreckage of imperial collapse. Many of the social, economic, political, and environmental pathologies of today’s South took root in failed efforts of Europeans centuries ago to reshape the New World in their own image.
Christine M. DeLucia
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780300201178
- eISBN:
- 9780300231120
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300201178.003.0008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Native American Studies
This chapter examines how King Philip’s War gave rise to a significant but often ignored or misperceived history of bondage, enslavement, and diaspora that took Native Americans far from their ...
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This chapter examines how King Philip’s War gave rise to a significant but often ignored or misperceived history of bondage, enslavement, and diaspora that took Native Americans far from their northeast homelands, and subjected them to a range of brutal conditions across an Atlantic World. It focuses on Algonquians’ transits into captivity as a consequence of the war, and historicizes this process within longer trajectories of European subjugation of Indigenous populations for labor. The chapter examines how Algonquian individuals and families were forcibly placed into New England colonial as well as Native communities at the war’s conclusion, and how others were transported out of the region for sale across the Atlantic World. The case of King Philip’s wife and son is especially complex, and the chapter considers how traditions around their purported sale into slavery in Bermuda interact with challenging racial politics and archival traces. Modern-day “reconnection” events have linked St. David’s Island community members in Bermuda to Native American tribes in New England. The chapter also reflects on wider dimensions of this Algonquian diaspora, which likely brought Natives to the Caribbean, Azores, and Tangier in North Africa, and propelled Native migrants/refugees into Wabanaki homelands.Less
This chapter examines how King Philip’s War gave rise to a significant but often ignored or misperceived history of bondage, enslavement, and diaspora that took Native Americans far from their northeast homelands, and subjected them to a range of brutal conditions across an Atlantic World. It focuses on Algonquians’ transits into captivity as a consequence of the war, and historicizes this process within longer trajectories of European subjugation of Indigenous populations for labor. The chapter examines how Algonquian individuals and families were forcibly placed into New England colonial as well as Native communities at the war’s conclusion, and how others were transported out of the region for sale across the Atlantic World. The case of King Philip’s wife and son is especially complex, and the chapter considers how traditions around their purported sale into slavery in Bermuda interact with challenging racial politics and archival traces. Modern-day “reconnection” events have linked St. David’s Island community members in Bermuda to Native American tribes in New England. The chapter also reflects on wider dimensions of this Algonquian diaspora, which likely brought Natives to the Caribbean, Azores, and Tangier in North Africa, and propelled Native migrants/refugees into Wabanaki homelands.
Aaron Spencer Fogleman
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781469608792
- eISBN:
- 9781469612492
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469608792.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This book is about a marriage, specifically, the marriage of a woman named Maria Barbara Knoll and a doctor named Jean-Francois Reynier, two very different people from very different corners of ...
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This book is about a marriage, specifically, the marriage of a woman named Maria Barbara Knoll and a doctor named Jean-Francois Reynier, two very different people from very different corners of Europe who were drawn into the historic events that shaped the Atlantic World in the eighteenth century. Throughout their obscure but documented lives, Knoll and Reynier resided on three continents, endured four colonial wars, and participated in conquest, slavery, religious missions, and revivals. They interacted with colonists, Indians, rebellious slaves, and imperial troops. They were religious seekers who frequently found themselves at odds with the communities in which they lived. They were also frequently at odds with each other, and their marital tension and scandal threatened to tear them apart.Less
This book is about a marriage, specifically, the marriage of a woman named Maria Barbara Knoll and a doctor named Jean-Francois Reynier, two very different people from very different corners of Europe who were drawn into the historic events that shaped the Atlantic World in the eighteenth century. Throughout their obscure but documented lives, Knoll and Reynier resided on three continents, endured four colonial wars, and participated in conquest, slavery, religious missions, and revivals. They interacted with colonists, Indians, rebellious slaves, and imperial troops. They were religious seekers who frequently found themselves at odds with the communities in which they lived. They were also frequently at odds with each other, and their marital tension and scandal threatened to tear them apart.
John W. Catron
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813061634
- eISBN:
- 9780813051086
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813061634.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
Embracing Protestantism argues that people of African descent in America who embraced Protestant Christianity during the eighteenth century did not become African Americans, but rather came to think ...
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Embracing Protestantism argues that people of African descent in America who embraced Protestant Christianity during the eighteenth century did not become African Americans, but rather came to think of themselves in the context of more fluid Atlantic-African identities. America was the land of slavery and white supremacy where they had little chance of obtaining civil rights or economic mobility. Contrastingly, the Atlantic world offered access to the growing abolitionist movement in Britain and Europe, membership in transatlantic evangelical churches that gave people of color unprecedented power in their local congregations, the chance for contact with black Christians in West and Central Africa, and inspiration from the large black churches then developing in the Caribbean with whom they had formed links through correspondence and the movement of black missionaries. Rather than deracinated creoles who attempted to merge with white culture, people of color who became Protestants in this era were Atlantic Africans who used multiple religious traditions to restore cultural and ethnic connections. Reaching out to third parties outside the plantation complex in the new abolitionist and humanitarian societies then springing up in late eighteenth-century Britain and America was an important way black Anglophone Christians had to resist slavery.Less
Embracing Protestantism argues that people of African descent in America who embraced Protestant Christianity during the eighteenth century did not become African Americans, but rather came to think of themselves in the context of more fluid Atlantic-African identities. America was the land of slavery and white supremacy where they had little chance of obtaining civil rights or economic mobility. Contrastingly, the Atlantic world offered access to the growing abolitionist movement in Britain and Europe, membership in transatlantic evangelical churches that gave people of color unprecedented power in their local congregations, the chance for contact with black Christians in West and Central Africa, and inspiration from the large black churches then developing in the Caribbean with whom they had formed links through correspondence and the movement of black missionaries. Rather than deracinated creoles who attempted to merge with white culture, people of color who became Protestants in this era were Atlantic Africans who used multiple religious traditions to restore cultural and ethnic connections. Reaching out to third parties outside the plantation complex in the new abolitionist and humanitarian societies then springing up in late eighteenth-century Britain and America was an important way black Anglophone Christians had to resist slavery.
James Taylor Carson
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781617033032
- eISBN:
- 9781617033056
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781617033032.003.0018
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter explores conceptions of the ocean that made the creation of the Atlantic World possible. It argues that reconstructing the histories and geographies of the Atlantic World means setting ...
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This chapter explores conceptions of the ocean that made the creation of the Atlantic World possible. It argues that reconstructing the histories and geographies of the Atlantic World means setting aside the inert horizontality of fact and confronting the vastness of the cultural places and spaces that were contained within it. Nature, in this case the fact of the ocean, was not the setting for the creation of the Atlantic World but rather the basis of the differences between its founding peoples and the places they made for themselves.Less
This chapter explores conceptions of the ocean that made the creation of the Atlantic World possible. It argues that reconstructing the histories and geographies of the Atlantic World means setting aside the inert horizontality of fact and confronting the vastness of the cultural places and spaces that were contained within it. Nature, in this case the fact of the ocean, was not the setting for the creation of the Atlantic World but rather the basis of the differences between its founding peoples and the places they made for themselves.
Julia Gaffield
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469625621
- eISBN:
- 9781469625645
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469625621.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
After 1804, Haitian leaders were able to take advantage of the uncertainty and ambiguity of the rest of the Atlantic World. While Haiti had to deal with France and their efforts to establish ...
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After 1804, Haitian leaders were able to take advantage of the uncertainty and ambiguity of the rest of the Atlantic World. While Haiti had to deal with France and their efforts to establish solidarity with other powers, they worked intently to carve out a new economic space for themselves in the Caribbean. In June of 1803, prior to an official declaration of independence, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, the leader of the insurgent army in Saint Domingue, wrote to Lieutenant-Governor George Nugent of Jamaica. He informed Nugent of the inevitable movement for Haitian independence and assured him that British merchants would find secure investments and trade opportunities in Haiti. Chapter 2 analyzes the negotiations between the governor of Jamaica and Jean-Jacques Dessalines during late 1803 and early 1804. In the first years after independence, the British were the only ones to send a representative to the island.Less
After 1804, Haitian leaders were able to take advantage of the uncertainty and ambiguity of the rest of the Atlantic World. While Haiti had to deal with France and their efforts to establish solidarity with other powers, they worked intently to carve out a new economic space for themselves in the Caribbean. In June of 1803, prior to an official declaration of independence, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, the leader of the insurgent army in Saint Domingue, wrote to Lieutenant-Governor George Nugent of Jamaica. He informed Nugent of the inevitable movement for Haitian independence and assured him that British merchants would find secure investments and trade opportunities in Haiti. Chapter 2 analyzes the negotiations between the governor of Jamaica and Jean-Jacques Dessalines during late 1803 and early 1804. In the first years after independence, the British were the only ones to send a representative to the island.
Aaron Spencer Fogleman
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781469608792
- eISBN:
- 9781469612492
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469608792.003.0015
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter discusses the Reyniers' spiritual journey of over thirty-five years and how they struggled to know and accept one another, find truth and opportunity, survive, and at times change the ...
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This chapter discusses the Reyniers' spiritual journey of over thirty-five years and how they struggled to know and accept one another, find truth and opportunity, survive, and at times change the Atlantic World. It was a long journey filled with hope, fear, danger, grief, success, disappointment, mistrust, and a final separate peace between them. What do these two lives show us about the Atlantic World, so much of which they explored? As two Europeans coming from different places and backgrounds, they show us how those who journeyed into the eighteenth-century Atlantic World with grand plans to change it could be changed themselves. Their lives also show how connected the underside of the Atlantic system could be. They lived and worked in worlds of broken boundaries, religious radicals and outcasts, unwelcome missionaries, recalcitrant and resisting slaves, disobedient wives, and still little-understood encounters and cultural exchanges among Europeans, Africans, and Native Americans, all of which cut across imperial or colonial interests and, at times, the ocean itself.Less
This chapter discusses the Reyniers' spiritual journey of over thirty-five years and how they struggled to know and accept one another, find truth and opportunity, survive, and at times change the Atlantic World. It was a long journey filled with hope, fear, danger, grief, success, disappointment, mistrust, and a final separate peace between them. What do these two lives show us about the Atlantic World, so much of which they explored? As two Europeans coming from different places and backgrounds, they show us how those who journeyed into the eighteenth-century Atlantic World with grand plans to change it could be changed themselves. Their lives also show how connected the underside of the Atlantic system could be. They lived and worked in worlds of broken boundaries, religious radicals and outcasts, unwelcome missionaries, recalcitrant and resisting slaves, disobedient wives, and still little-understood encounters and cultural exchanges among Europeans, Africans, and Native Americans, all of which cut across imperial or colonial interests and, at times, the ocean itself.
Jennifer K. Snyder
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780813044378
- eISBN:
- 9780813046471
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813044378.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This chapter focuses on the story of Loyalist James Moncrief and his slaves as they fled the South into the Caribbean in the wake of British defeat in the American Revolution. Highlighting the ...
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This chapter focuses on the story of Loyalist James Moncrief and his slaves as they fled the South into the Caribbean in the wake of British defeat in the American Revolution. Highlighting the personal dilemmas faced by southern Loyalists and their slaves in the midst of a transatlantic power struggle, it shows how migration and settlement, in many ways the key tropes of Atlantic-particularly Black Atlantic-Studies, were experienced differently in different locales by different peoples in the Atlantic World, while still managing to affirm the value of viewing the region holistically as a distinctive zone of contact.Less
This chapter focuses on the story of Loyalist James Moncrief and his slaves as they fled the South into the Caribbean in the wake of British defeat in the American Revolution. Highlighting the personal dilemmas faced by southern Loyalists and their slaves in the midst of a transatlantic power struggle, it shows how migration and settlement, in many ways the key tropes of Atlantic-particularly Black Atlantic-Studies, were experienced differently in different locales by different peoples in the Atlantic World, while still managing to affirm the value of viewing the region holistically as a distinctive zone of contact.
Kathleen M. Gough
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780813044378
- eISBN:
- 9780813046471
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813044378.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
Drawing on insights from gender and performance studies, this chapter uses the careers and writings of Florida’s Zora Neale Hurston and Ireland’s Lady Augusta Gregory to examine the creation of both ...
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Drawing on insights from gender and performance studies, this chapter uses the careers and writings of Florida’s Zora Neale Hurston and Ireland’s Lady Augusta Gregory to examine the creation of both Black and Green Atlantics. By exploring their work and subsequent public reputations, it reveals how powerful notions of Irish and black, especially southern black, identity have been generated, disseminated, and redeployed around the Atlantic World, often with recourse to similar invocations of agrarianism, religiosity, and resistance (cultural and political) to oppression. The chapter also offers a pointed critique of the tendency to ignore or marginalize women in much Atlantic Studies.Less
Drawing on insights from gender and performance studies, this chapter uses the careers and writings of Florida’s Zora Neale Hurston and Ireland’s Lady Augusta Gregory to examine the creation of both Black and Green Atlantics. By exploring their work and subsequent public reputations, it reveals how powerful notions of Irish and black, especially southern black, identity have been generated, disseminated, and redeployed around the Atlantic World, often with recourse to similar invocations of agrarianism, religiosity, and resistance (cultural and political) to oppression. The chapter also offers a pointed critique of the tendency to ignore or marginalize women in much Atlantic Studies.
Martha S. Jones
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780813044378
- eISBN:
- 9780813046471
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813044378.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This chapter uses the story of Haitian slave Jean Baptiste to illustrate how competing legal systems in the New World, and even within the North American mainland, profoundly affected the lives of ...
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This chapter uses the story of Haitian slave Jean Baptiste to illustrate how competing legal systems in the New World, and even within the North American mainland, profoundly affected the lives of those who lived there, free and unfree. By analyzing Baptiste’s travails in Port-au-Prince, New York, Baltimore, and New Orleans in the aftermath of the Haitian Revolution, it reveals the importance of rival legal codes, themselves connected to competing imperial and national jurisdictions, in defining slavery and race relations in the American South and the Atlantic World.Less
This chapter uses the story of Haitian slave Jean Baptiste to illustrate how competing legal systems in the New World, and even within the North American mainland, profoundly affected the lives of those who lived there, free and unfree. By analyzing Baptiste’s travails in Port-au-Prince, New York, Baltimore, and New Orleans in the aftermath of the Haitian Revolution, it reveals the importance of rival legal codes, themselves connected to competing imperial and national jurisdictions, in defining slavery and race relations in the American South and the Atlantic World.
Jon Sensbach
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780813044378
- eISBN:
- 9780813046471
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813044378.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This chapter focuses on the diverse, globalized religious life of the American South in the colonial and the early Republic periods. It stresses that transatlantic influences, including African ...
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This chapter focuses on the diverse, globalized religious life of the American South in the colonial and the early Republic periods. It stresses that transatlantic influences, including African traditions and Anglo-Protestant evangelicalism, were important features of the southern religious landscape but explains how they initially mixed with many other Native and non-Atlantic World influences. The chapter contends that the end of the transatlantic slave trade and the growing defensiveness and cultural isolation of the South in the antebellum period reduced the dynamic religious cosmopolitanism of the colonial South until, by the early-to-mid-nineteenth century, European-derived evangelical Christianity increasingly dominated the region. The chapter concludes by noting that the belated triumph of a relatively narrowly Atlantic, and then of a still more narrowly construed “southern” style of evangelical Christianity, has generated a literature that largely ignores more than two centuries of southern religious eclecticism.Less
This chapter focuses on the diverse, globalized religious life of the American South in the colonial and the early Republic periods. It stresses that transatlantic influences, including African traditions and Anglo-Protestant evangelicalism, were important features of the southern religious landscape but explains how they initially mixed with many other Native and non-Atlantic World influences. The chapter contends that the end of the transatlantic slave trade and the growing defensiveness and cultural isolation of the South in the antebellum period reduced the dynamic religious cosmopolitanism of the colonial South until, by the early-to-mid-nineteenth century, European-derived evangelical Christianity increasingly dominated the region. The chapter concludes by noting that the belated triumph of a relatively narrowly Atlantic, and then of a still more narrowly construed “southern” style of evangelical Christianity, has generated a literature that largely ignores more than two centuries of southern religious eclecticism.
