Joseph Epes Brown
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195138757
- eISBN:
- 9780199871759
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195138757.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, World Religions
This book offers a thematic approach to looking at Native American religious traditions. Within the great multiplicity of Native American cultures, the book observes certain common themes that ...
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This book offers a thematic approach to looking at Native American religious traditions. Within the great multiplicity of Native American cultures, the book observes certain common themes that resonate within many Native traditions. It demonstrates how themes within native traditions connect with each other, at the same time upholding the integrity of individual traditions. The book illustrates each of these themes with explorations of specific native cultures including Lakota, Navajo, Apache, Koyukon, and Ojibwe. It demonstrates how Native American values provide an alternative metaphysics that stand opposed to modern materialism. It also shows how these spiritual values provide material for a serious rethinking of modern attitudes—especially toward the environment—as well as how they may help non-native peoples develop a more sensitive response to native concerns. Throughout, the book draws on the author's extensive personal experience with Black Elk, who came to symbolize for many the greatness of the imperiled native cultures.Less
This book offers a thematic approach to looking at Native American religious traditions. Within the great multiplicity of Native American cultures, the book observes certain common themes that resonate within many Native traditions. It demonstrates how themes within native traditions connect with each other, at the same time upholding the integrity of individual traditions. The book illustrates each of these themes with explorations of specific native cultures including Lakota, Navajo, Apache, Koyukon, and Ojibwe. It demonstrates how Native American values provide an alternative metaphysics that stand opposed to modern materialism. It also shows how these spiritual values provide material for a serious rethinking of modern attitudes—especially toward the environment—as well as how they may help non-native peoples develop a more sensitive response to native concerns. Throughout, the book draws on the author's extensive personal experience with Black Elk, who came to symbolize for many the greatness of the imperiled native cultures.
Anne Marie Oliver and Paul F. Steinberg
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195305593
- eISBN:
- 9780199850815
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195305593.003.0016
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
With his return, Yasin was a major symbol of greatness in affirmity: he was the mutilated king. People began to think about the man and the movement with renewed fervor. In a bold, deflationary ...
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With his return, Yasin was a major symbol of greatness in affirmity: he was the mutilated king. People began to think about the man and the movement with renewed fervor. In a bold, deflationary gesture, the ailing sheikh likened himself to “a baby returned to his mother's womb”. Six years after returning home from his tour of Arab countries, he finally attained what he long said he wanted more than anything on earth. Shortly after the dawn prayer in a Gaza City mosque, he was struck to the ground by a missile fired from an Israeli Apache helicopter.Less
With his return, Yasin was a major symbol of greatness in affirmity: he was the mutilated king. People began to think about the man and the movement with renewed fervor. In a bold, deflationary gesture, the ailing sheikh likened himself to “a baby returned to his mother's womb”. Six years after returning home from his tour of Arab countries, he finally attained what he long said he wanted more than anything on earth. Shortly after the dawn prayer in a Gaza City mosque, he was struck to the ground by a missile fired from an Israeli Apache helicopter.
Joseph Epes Brown and Emily Cousins
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195138757
- eISBN:
- 9780199871759
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195138757.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, World Religions
This chapter focuses on Native American interactions with the land. Many tribes believe in the sustaining power of the land. According to most Native American traditions, the land is alive. Every ...
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This chapter focuses on Native American interactions with the land. Many tribes believe in the sustaining power of the land. According to most Native American traditions, the land is alive. Every particular form of the land is experienced as the locus of qualitatively different spirit beings; their presence sanctifies and gives meaning to the land in all its details and contours. These spirits also give meaning to the lives of people who cannot conceive of themselves apart from the land. Apache stores of place, Navajo relationship with the land, conflict over sacred lands, and sacred architecture are discussed.Less
This chapter focuses on Native American interactions with the land. Many tribes believe in the sustaining power of the land. According to most Native American traditions, the land is alive. Every particular form of the land is experienced as the locus of qualitatively different spirit beings; their presence sanctifies and gives meaning to the land in all its details and contours. These spirits also give meaning to the lives of people who cannot conceive of themselves apart from the land. Apache stores of place, Navajo relationship with the land, conflict over sacred lands, and sacred architecture are discussed.
Odie B. Faul
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195083514
- eISBN:
- 9780199854141
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195083514.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
The key phrase in Miles's telegram to his commanding general was “it should be done peaceably if possible.” For a large military force suddenly to appear at San Carlos and Fort Apache and to begin ...
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The key phrase in Miles's telegram to his commanding general was “it should be done peaceably if possible.” For a large military force suddenly to appear at San Carlos and Fort Apache and to begin rounding up the Indians for a forced march to the nearest railhead would certainly cause the greatest outbreak in the history of Arizona Territory. The Apaches feared treachery leading to mass hangings in reprisal for their many raids in the Territory. Chatto believed that they would not be removed from Arizona but would be given good Agents and an actual means of making an honorable living at Fort Apache. But just as Miles had lied to Geronimo at the surrender, so President Cleveland and General Sheridan lied to Chatto. The fight for credit for the surrender of Geronimo would be as hard fought and even more lengthy than the campaign itself.Less
The key phrase in Miles's telegram to his commanding general was “it should be done peaceably if possible.” For a large military force suddenly to appear at San Carlos and Fort Apache and to begin rounding up the Indians for a forced march to the nearest railhead would certainly cause the greatest outbreak in the history of Arizona Territory. The Apaches feared treachery leading to mass hangings in reprisal for their many raids in the Territory. Chatto believed that they would not be removed from Arizona but would be given good Agents and an actual means of making an honorable living at Fort Apache. But just as Miles had lied to Geronimo at the surrender, so President Cleveland and General Sheridan lied to Chatto. The fight for credit for the surrender of Geronimo would be as hard fought and even more lengthy than the campaign itself.
Odie B. Faul
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195083514
- eISBN:
- 9780199854141
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195083514.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
The flight of Geronimo and his renegades from San Carlos caused near-panic across southern Arizona and New Mexico. “Apaches on Warpath,” headlined newspapers, while editorial writers criticized the ...
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The flight of Geronimo and his renegades from San Carlos caused near-panic across southern Arizona and New Mexico. “Apaches on Warpath,” headlined newspapers, while editorial writers criticized the soldiers for bungling. But while civilians criticized, the Army acted rapidly to get the renegades back to the reservation. Britton Davis with his Scouts was joined by Lieutenant Gatewood, who brought a dozen White Mountain Scouts from Fort Apache, and by Captain Allen Smith with two companies of the Fourth Cavalry. This chapter describes the pursuit from May 1885 to December 1885, marked by the trail of blood left by the Apaches. With the soldiers hunting in vain, Josanie and his band reached the safety and warmth of Mexico, making Crook's command look ridiculous.Less
The flight of Geronimo and his renegades from San Carlos caused near-panic across southern Arizona and New Mexico. “Apaches on Warpath,” headlined newspapers, while editorial writers criticized the soldiers for bungling. But while civilians criticized, the Army acted rapidly to get the renegades back to the reservation. Britton Davis with his Scouts was joined by Lieutenant Gatewood, who brought a dozen White Mountain Scouts from Fort Apache, and by Captain Allen Smith with two companies of the Fourth Cavalry. This chapter describes the pursuit from May 1885 to December 1885, marked by the trail of blood left by the Apaches. With the soldiers hunting in vain, Josanie and his band reached the safety and warmth of Mexico, making Crook's command look ridiculous.
Odie B. Faul
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195083514
- eISBN:
- 9780199854141
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195083514.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
The end of the Civil War found Nelson Appleton Miles unwilling to quit the military life. On April 27, 1886, General Miles got his first taste of Apache warfare. Geronimo and Nachez struck across the ...
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The end of the Civil War found Nelson Appleton Miles unwilling to quit the military life. On April 27, 1886, General Miles got his first taste of Apache warfare. Geronimo and Nachez struck across the border in the Santa Cruz Valley that morning, killing a number of cowboys and capturing the Peck ranch. This chapter describes Miles's hunt for Geronimo and the renegades with the aid of Captain H.W. Lawton. Lawton's command was not successful in its mission of wearing the renegades down and forcing them to surrender. Later, Miles abandoned all thought that his “athletes” could win a military victory over the hostiles, and turned to Crook's policy of diplomacy. He ordered Lieutenant Gatewood to that task, which Gatewood performed successfully.Less
The end of the Civil War found Nelson Appleton Miles unwilling to quit the military life. On April 27, 1886, General Miles got his first taste of Apache warfare. Geronimo and Nachez struck across the border in the Santa Cruz Valley that morning, killing a number of cowboys and capturing the Peck ranch. This chapter describes Miles's hunt for Geronimo and the renegades with the aid of Captain H.W. Lawton. Lawton's command was not successful in its mission of wearing the renegades down and forcing them to surrender. Later, Miles abandoned all thought that his “athletes” could win a military victory over the hostiles, and turned to Crook's policy of diplomacy. He ordered Lieutenant Gatewood to that task, which Gatewood performed successfully.
Rachel St. John
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691141541
- eISBN:
- 9781400838639
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691141541.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter explores both the alternate versions of spatial organization and power that persisted and evolved in the borderlands and how the nation-states managed to suppress them in the first four ...
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This chapter explores both the alternate versions of spatial organization and power that persisted and evolved in the borderlands and how the nation-states managed to suppress them in the first four decades of the border's existence. In order to establish military authority and make the boundary line a meaningful marker of territorial sovereignty, the Mexican and U.S. militaries had to defeat two very different threats—the first from filibusters from outside the region and the second from Apache people who had long lived in the borderlands. While both of these struggles revealed how far the United States and Mexico still had to go before they could claim to fully control the borderlands, they also provided evidence of the subtle ways in which the boundary line had already begun to change the landscape of power in the region.Less
This chapter explores both the alternate versions of spatial organization and power that persisted and evolved in the borderlands and how the nation-states managed to suppress them in the first four decades of the border's existence. In order to establish military authority and make the boundary line a meaningful marker of territorial sovereignty, the Mexican and U.S. militaries had to defeat two very different threats—the first from filibusters from outside the region and the second from Apache people who had long lived in the borderlands. While both of these struggles revealed how far the United States and Mexico still had to go before they could claim to fully control the borderlands, they also provided evidence of the subtle ways in which the boundary line had already begun to change the landscape of power in the region.
Odie B. Faulk
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195083514
- eISBN:
- 9780199854141
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195083514.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
On August 25 1886, the Apache chief, Geronimo, surrendered to the US army, ending a long and bloody struggle. This book draws on fresh evidence to examine the ironies, dangers, and vicissitudes of ...
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On August 25 1886, the Apache chief, Geronimo, surrendered to the US army, ending a long and bloody struggle. This book draws on fresh evidence to examine the ironies, dangers, and vicissitudes of that campaign. Based on the papers collected by Lt. Charles B. Gatewood—the one white man Geronimo trusted—including depositions from old soldiers and scouts, official documents, articles, letters, and photographs, the book shows that it was essentially a war no one won—the Apaches (like the Sioux, Comanche, and Nez Perce before them), losing their land and lifestyle, the Americans losing all that the tribes might have contributed to the union and more than a measure of national self-respect. The author is especially concerned with the campaign's wider historical setting and significance, and with the sad record of betrayal of the Native American by the US Government.Less
On August 25 1886, the Apache chief, Geronimo, surrendered to the US army, ending a long and bloody struggle. This book draws on fresh evidence to examine the ironies, dangers, and vicissitudes of that campaign. Based on the papers collected by Lt. Charles B. Gatewood—the one white man Geronimo trusted—including depositions from old soldiers and scouts, official documents, articles, letters, and photographs, the book shows that it was essentially a war no one won—the Apaches (like the Sioux, Comanche, and Nez Perce before them), losing their land and lifestyle, the Americans losing all that the tribes might have contributed to the union and more than a measure of national self-respect. The author is especially concerned with the campaign's wider historical setting and significance, and with the sad record of betrayal of the Native American by the US Government.
Odie B. Faul
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195083514
- eISBN:
- 9780199854141
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195083514.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
For three centuries before the arrival of the Anglo-American in the Southwest, the Apaches dominated the region, striking terror not only into the hearts of surrounding Indian tribes but also into ...
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For three centuries before the arrival of the Anglo-American in the Southwest, the Apaches dominated the region, striking terror not only into the hearts of surrounding Indian tribes but also into the hearts of the Spanish colonists who ventured into the area. All the Apache bands, including the Navajo, were distinguished from neighboring southwestern tribes by one other feature—their ferocity as warriors. Inhabitants of a hard, cruel land, they became, like it, hard and cruel to everyone except themselves. In fact, their economy, beyond some hunting and gathering, was based on booty gathered in raids.Less
For three centuries before the arrival of the Anglo-American in the Southwest, the Apaches dominated the region, striking terror not only into the hearts of surrounding Indian tribes but also into the hearts of the Spanish colonists who ventured into the area. All the Apache bands, including the Navajo, were distinguished from neighboring southwestern tribes by one other feature—their ferocity as warriors. Inhabitants of a hard, cruel land, they became, like it, hard and cruel to everyone except themselves. In fact, their economy, beyond some hunting and gathering, was based on booty gathered in raids.
Odie B. Faul
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195083514
- eISBN:
- 9780199854141
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195083514.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
Only Geronimo stood aloof from the fight for glory in the years immediately after his surrender—there was no glory for him or for the other Apache renegades. In captivity Geronimo, along with the ...
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Only Geronimo stood aloof from the fight for glory in the years immediately after his surrender—there was no glory for him or for the other Apache renegades. In captivity Geronimo, along with the other Apache prisoners, faced the philosophical question of restructuring his life. Geronimo apparently made a conscious decision late in life not to follow the “white man's road.” He did not return to the old ways, however; he became a showman. With special permission from the War Department, he attended the Omaha and Buffalo expositions and the St. Louis World's Fair as an “attraction.” At such events, Geronimo gloried in his reputation and used the opportunity to make money. Geronimo died at Fort Sill on February 17, 1909. In the decades that have passed since his death, Geronimo indeed has grown steadily in stature as a great American.Less
Only Geronimo stood aloof from the fight for glory in the years immediately after his surrender—there was no glory for him or for the other Apache renegades. In captivity Geronimo, along with the other Apache prisoners, faced the philosophical question of restructuring his life. Geronimo apparently made a conscious decision late in life not to follow the “white man's road.” He did not return to the old ways, however; he became a showman. With special permission from the War Department, he attended the Omaha and Buffalo expositions and the St. Louis World's Fair as an “attraction.” At such events, Geronimo gloried in his reputation and used the opportunity to make money. Geronimo died at Fort Sill on February 17, 1909. In the decades that have passed since his death, Geronimo indeed has grown steadily in stature as a great American.
Frank Graziano
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- April 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190663476
- eISBN:
- 9780190940263
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190663476.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
The chapter opens with discussion of native Catholicism among the Apache, and of the syncretic church imagery epitomized by the Apache Christ behind the altar. The discussion then pursues the ...
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The chapter opens with discussion of native Catholicism among the Apache, and of the syncretic church imagery epitomized by the Apache Christ behind the altar. The discussion then pursues the “rebuild my church” mandate that St. Francis received in a vision and the application of the same by Franciscans and others who undertook the restoration of the huge stone church and the congregation in Mescalero. The discussion of a trainee program at this and other sites introduces a section regarding the influence of church restoration on the alcoholism and sobriety of one of the workers. The chapter then discusses the difficulties of transition from Franciscan to diocesan pastorship. It concludes with a historical section on the freed Chiricahua prisoners of war who settled at Mescalero, and on Father Albert Braun, whose vision and initiative resulted in the construction of St. Joseph. The chapter includes a visiting guide.Less
The chapter opens with discussion of native Catholicism among the Apache, and of the syncretic church imagery epitomized by the Apache Christ behind the altar. The discussion then pursues the “rebuild my church” mandate that St. Francis received in a vision and the application of the same by Franciscans and others who undertook the restoration of the huge stone church and the congregation in Mescalero. The discussion of a trainee program at this and other sites introduces a section regarding the influence of church restoration on the alcoholism and sobriety of one of the workers. The chapter then discusses the difficulties of transition from Franciscan to diocesan pastorship. It concludes with a historical section on the freed Chiricahua prisoners of war who settled at Mescalero, and on Father Albert Braun, whose vision and initiative resulted in the construction of St. Joseph. The chapter includes a visiting guide.
Michael J Lannoo
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520264786
- eISBN:
- 9780520946064
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520264786.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
On July 19, 1909, Aldo Leopold was appointed as forest assistant at the Apache National Forest just outside Springerville, in the Arizona Territory. During the two decades he spent with the U.S. ...
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On July 19, 1909, Aldo Leopold was appointed as forest assistant at the Apache National Forest just outside Springerville, in the Arizona Territory. During the two decades he spent with the U.S. Forest Service, Leopold got married to Estella Bergere and suffered from a case of acute nephritis (Bright's disease). Leopold's approach to game management was based on principles of forest management. For his successes in the Southwest, Leopold received a letter of congratulation from Theodore Roosevelt in January 1917 and a gold medal from Hornaday's Permanent Wild Life Protection Fund in July. In January 1918, Leopold left the U.S. Forest Service to take the position of secretary of the Albuquerque Chamber of Commerce. In August 1919, he rejoined the Forest Service as an assistant district forester. In April 1924, he became assistant director of the Forest Products Laboratory in Madison, Wisconsin. In 1928, the Sporting Arms and Ammunitions Manufacturers' Institute approached Leopold with an offer to conduct a nationwide survey of game conditions. Leopold agreed.Less
On July 19, 1909, Aldo Leopold was appointed as forest assistant at the Apache National Forest just outside Springerville, in the Arizona Territory. During the two decades he spent with the U.S. Forest Service, Leopold got married to Estella Bergere and suffered from a case of acute nephritis (Bright's disease). Leopold's approach to game management was based on principles of forest management. For his successes in the Southwest, Leopold received a letter of congratulation from Theodore Roosevelt in January 1917 and a gold medal from Hornaday's Permanent Wild Life Protection Fund in July. In January 1918, Leopold left the U.S. Forest Service to take the position of secretary of the Albuquerque Chamber of Commerce. In August 1919, he rejoined the Forest Service as an assistant district forester. In April 1924, he became assistant director of the Forest Products Laboratory in Madison, Wisconsin. In 1928, the Sporting Arms and Ammunitions Manufacturers' Institute approached Leopold with an offer to conduct a nationwide survey of game conditions. Leopold agreed.
Frank Graziano
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- April 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190663476
- eISBN:
- 9780190940263
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190663476.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
Historic Churches of New Mexico Today is an interpretive ethnography based on fieldwork among hispanic villagers, Pueblo Indians, and Mescalero Apaches. The fieldwork was reinforced by extensive ...
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Historic Churches of New Mexico Today is an interpretive ethnography based on fieldwork among hispanic villagers, Pueblo Indians, and Mescalero Apaches. The fieldwork was reinforced by extensive research in archives and in previous scholarship. The book presents scholarly interpretations in prose that is accessible, often narrative, at times lyrical, and crafted to convey the experience of researching in New Mexican villages. Descriptive guide information and directions to remote historic churches are provided. Themes treated in the book include the interactions of past and present, the decline of traditions, a sense of place and attachment to place, the church as a cultural legacy, the church in relation to native traditions, resistance to Catholicism, tensions between priests and congregations, maintenance and restoration of historic buildings, and, in general, how the church as a place and devotion as a practice are important (or not) to the identities and everyday lives of individuals and communities. Among many others, the historic churches discussed in the study include the Santuario de Chimayó, San José de Gracia in Las Trampas, San Francisco de Asís in Ranchos de Taos, the village churches of Mora County, St. Joseph Apache Mission in Mescalero, and the mission churches at Laguna, Acoma, and Picurís Pueblos.Less
Historic Churches of New Mexico Today is an interpretive ethnography based on fieldwork among hispanic villagers, Pueblo Indians, and Mescalero Apaches. The fieldwork was reinforced by extensive research in archives and in previous scholarship. The book presents scholarly interpretations in prose that is accessible, often narrative, at times lyrical, and crafted to convey the experience of researching in New Mexican villages. Descriptive guide information and directions to remote historic churches are provided. Themes treated in the book include the interactions of past and present, the decline of traditions, a sense of place and attachment to place, the church as a cultural legacy, the church in relation to native traditions, resistance to Catholicism, tensions between priests and congregations, maintenance and restoration of historic buildings, and, in general, how the church as a place and devotion as a practice are important (or not) to the identities and everyday lives of individuals and communities. Among many others, the historic churches discussed in the study include the Santuario de Chimayó, San José de Gracia in Las Trampas, San Francisco de Asís in Ranchos de Taos, the village churches of Mora County, St. Joseph Apache Mission in Mescalero, and the mission churches at Laguna, Acoma, and Picurís Pueblos.
Julia O'Hara
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813034874
- eISBN:
- 9780813038438
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813034874.003.0011
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
This chapter explores the participation of Tarahumara Indians in the Mexican military during the Apache wars, and reflects on the meaning of the silence and ambiguity—pervasive not only in the ...
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This chapter explores the participation of Tarahumara Indians in the Mexican military during the Apache wars, and reflects on the meaning of the silence and ambiguity—pervasive not only in the immediate aftermath of the conflict but also in present-day narratives and commemorations—surrounding the collective memory of their participation. During the Apache wars, Tarahumara service on the battlefield frequently presented an exception to the racial ideologies of everyday life. Yet history and memory in northern Mexico have struggled to make sense of this unique field of interaction among non-Indians and Indians, whether Tarahumaras, Apaches, or others—a struggle that continues to shape debates over race, national identity, and the “Indian question” to the present day.Less
This chapter explores the participation of Tarahumara Indians in the Mexican military during the Apache wars, and reflects on the meaning of the silence and ambiguity—pervasive not only in the immediate aftermath of the conflict but also in present-day narratives and commemorations—surrounding the collective memory of their participation. During the Apache wars, Tarahumara service on the battlefield frequently presented an exception to the racial ideologies of everyday life. Yet history and memory in northern Mexico have struggled to make sense of this unique field of interaction among non-Indians and Indians, whether Tarahumaras, Apaches, or others—a struggle that continues to shape debates over race, national identity, and the “Indian question” to the present day.
Raúl A. Ramos
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807832073
- eISBN:
- 9781469604657
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807888933_ramos.5
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter describes how most nineteenth-century travelers approached Bexar with a sense of relief and wonder. The relief came from arriving at a town safely after days of traversing the brush ...
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This chapter describes how most nineteenth-century travelers approached Bexar with a sense of relief and wonder. The relief came from arriving at a town safely after days of traversing the brush country, exposed to the possibility of attack from one of a variety of indigenous groups controlling the area, such as the Comanche or Lipan Apache. Indeed, immediately upon arrival, most Mexican travelers attended mass at San Fernando Cathedral. Writing in the eighteenth century, Juan Agustin de Morfi noted, “We went to the parish church to genuflect, to give thanks to Our Holy Father for the joy of our arrival.” The sense of wonder came from noting Bexar's relatively lush oasis in comparison to the harsh desert of northern New Spain.Less
This chapter describes how most nineteenth-century travelers approached Bexar with a sense of relief and wonder. The relief came from arriving at a town safely after days of traversing the brush country, exposed to the possibility of attack from one of a variety of indigenous groups controlling the area, such as the Comanche or Lipan Apache. Indeed, immediately upon arrival, most Mexican travelers attended mass at San Fernando Cathedral. Writing in the eighteenth century, Juan Agustin de Morfi noted, “We went to the parish church to genuflect, to give thanks to Our Holy Father for the joy of our arrival.” The sense of wonder came from noting Bexar's relatively lush oasis in comparison to the harsh desert of northern New Spain.
Marybeth Lorbiecki
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780199965038
- eISBN:
- 9780197563311
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199965038.003.0010
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Conservation of the Environment
Twenty-two-year-old Aldo Leopold arrived in Albuquerque, New Mexico Territory, in July 1909, burning with the “fervor of a sawdust evangelist.” The Forest Service had sent him to his first ...
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Twenty-two-year-old Aldo Leopold arrived in Albuquerque, New Mexico Territory, in July 1909, burning with the “fervor of a sawdust evangelist.” The Forest Service had sent him to his first choice—District 3, encompassing the twenty-one forests of the South and Southwest. His duties were outlined in his manual: preserve a perpetual supply of timber for home industries, prevent destruction of forest cover (which regulates the flow of streams), and protect local industries from unfair competition in the use of forest and range. The district chief was Arthur Ringland, a stocky, energetic Yale graduate only a few years older than Leopold. Ringland sensed the new graduate’s enthusiasm and assigned him to the wildest lands in the district—the Apache National Forest in Arizona Territory. The land had originally belonged to the Apache Nation, but in 1886, the US Army forced most of the members onto a nearby reservation. This left but a few ranchers, farmers, and miners in the region. The forest headquarters rested in Springerville, Arizona, a two-day stagecoach ride from the last railroad stop. No automobiles carved tire treads over these plateaus and canyons. Travel was by foot, horse, or mule. Forest Assistant Leopold, the newest greenhorn among many, wasted no time in purchasing a feisty gray stallion called Jiminy Hicks, a saddle, a rope, and a few good roping lessons. Within the month, he also acquired pistols and a “rubber butt plate” for those long days in the saddle. The rubber plate came in handy since Aldo put in a good deal of time astride Jiminy Hicks. Throughout July and the beginning of August, Leopold inspected trees, marked them for cutting, planted seed plots, fixed fences, and met the other rangers. Working under Supervisor John D. Guthrie, Aldo contributed his two bits on policy decisions about grazing permits, water rights, and timber sales. Guthrie’s long hours and dedicated stance inspired the young ranger. The simplicity of life on the range, where one had to live out of a pack, made Leopold feel tough and free. On his own time, he hunted, mapped out the forest for himself, climbed mountains, and tested trout streams.
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Twenty-two-year-old Aldo Leopold arrived in Albuquerque, New Mexico Territory, in July 1909, burning with the “fervor of a sawdust evangelist.” The Forest Service had sent him to his first choice—District 3, encompassing the twenty-one forests of the South and Southwest. His duties were outlined in his manual: preserve a perpetual supply of timber for home industries, prevent destruction of forest cover (which regulates the flow of streams), and protect local industries from unfair competition in the use of forest and range. The district chief was Arthur Ringland, a stocky, energetic Yale graduate only a few years older than Leopold. Ringland sensed the new graduate’s enthusiasm and assigned him to the wildest lands in the district—the Apache National Forest in Arizona Territory. The land had originally belonged to the Apache Nation, but in 1886, the US Army forced most of the members onto a nearby reservation. This left but a few ranchers, farmers, and miners in the region. The forest headquarters rested in Springerville, Arizona, a two-day stagecoach ride from the last railroad stop. No automobiles carved tire treads over these plateaus and canyons. Travel was by foot, horse, or mule. Forest Assistant Leopold, the newest greenhorn among many, wasted no time in purchasing a feisty gray stallion called Jiminy Hicks, a saddle, a rope, and a few good roping lessons. Within the month, he also acquired pistols and a “rubber butt plate” for those long days in the saddle. The rubber plate came in handy since Aldo put in a good deal of time astride Jiminy Hicks. Throughout July and the beginning of August, Leopold inspected trees, marked them for cutting, planted seed plots, fixed fences, and met the other rangers. Working under Supervisor John D. Guthrie, Aldo contributed his two bits on policy decisions about grazing permits, water rights, and timber sales. Guthrie’s long hours and dedicated stance inspired the young ranger. The simplicity of life on the range, where one had to live out of a pack, made Leopold feel tough and free. On his own time, he hunted, mapped out the forest for himself, climbed mountains, and tested trout streams.
Maurice Crandall
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781469652665
- eISBN:
- 9781469652689
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652665.003.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Native American Studies
In the Introduction, the author relates how his own family’s experiences with Indigenous civil rights in Arizona inspired this study. Maurice Crandall, a citizen of the Yavapai-Apache Nation, became ...
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In the Introduction, the author relates how his own family’s experiences with Indigenous civil rights in Arizona inspired this study. Maurice Crandall, a citizen of the Yavapai-Apache Nation, became interested in Indian citizenship and voting after his own grandfather was unjustly incarcerated, without trial, as a juvenile in 1930s Arizona. By focusing on stories of Indigenous encounters with electoral politics, the author seeks to weave a narrative that challenges progressive stories of Indigenous civil rights and political participation, one that would have Indians finally and fully enfranchised thanks to the benevolence of the United States political system. Instead, this work shows how Indigenous peoples of the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands were enfranchised in a variety of ways during the Spanish, Mexican, and U.S. territorial periods, always while seeking to retain community sovereignty.Less
In the Introduction, the author relates how his own family’s experiences with Indigenous civil rights in Arizona inspired this study. Maurice Crandall, a citizen of the Yavapai-Apache Nation, became interested in Indian citizenship and voting after his own grandfather was unjustly incarcerated, without trial, as a juvenile in 1930s Arizona. By focusing on stories of Indigenous encounters with electoral politics, the author seeks to weave a narrative that challenges progressive stories of Indigenous civil rights and political participation, one that would have Indians finally and fully enfranchised thanks to the benevolence of the United States political system. Instead, this work shows how Indigenous peoples of the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands were enfranchised in a variety of ways during the Spanish, Mexican, and U.S. territorial periods, always while seeking to retain community sovereignty.
Thomas J. Shelley
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780823271511
- eISBN:
- 9780823271900
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823271511.003.0019
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
President Michael Wash comes to the rescue. He is ably assisted by two talented vice-presidents: Joseph Cammarosano and Paul Reiss. Student protestors occupy the Administration Building. A mysterious ...
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President Michael Wash comes to the rescue. He is ably assisted by two talented vice-presidents: Joseph Cammarosano and Paul Reiss. Student protestors occupy the Administration Building. A mysterious fire breaks out in the Campus Center. Within two years, peace is restored to the campus and the deficit is transformed into a healthy surplus. Fordham faces the challenge of the deterioration of the Bronx.Less
President Michael Wash comes to the rescue. He is ably assisted by two talented vice-presidents: Joseph Cammarosano and Paul Reiss. Student protestors occupy the Administration Building. A mysterious fire breaks out in the Campus Center. Within two years, peace is restored to the campus and the deficit is transformed into a healthy surplus. Fordham faces the challenge of the deterioration of the Bronx.
Marcela Terrazas y Basante
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780823288458
- eISBN:
- 9780823290437
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823288458.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This essay focuses on the borderlands of Mexico and the United States in the decades following the Mexican-American War. There, American, Apache, Comanche, and Mexican inhabitants came into contact ...
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This essay focuses on the borderlands of Mexico and the United States in the decades following the Mexican-American War. There, American, Apache, Comanche, and Mexican inhabitants came into contact with one another and their distinctive and sometimes conflicting understandings of sovereignty led to significant discord. In different ways, Mexico and the U.S. sought to assert control over part of these borderlands, which included restricting the movement of outsiders within their territory. Apache and Comanche peoples, on the contrary, regarded free movement across the region as “irrevocable.” The increasing American population both provided demand for livestock that drove indigenous raids into Mexico and curtailed access to land and resources, promoting migration across the border and making it exceedingly difficult for Mexico to assert sovereign control over northern territory.Less
This essay focuses on the borderlands of Mexico and the United States in the decades following the Mexican-American War. There, American, Apache, Comanche, and Mexican inhabitants came into contact with one another and their distinctive and sometimes conflicting understandings of sovereignty led to significant discord. In different ways, Mexico and the U.S. sought to assert control over part of these borderlands, which included restricting the movement of outsiders within their territory. Apache and Comanche peoples, on the contrary, regarded free movement across the region as “irrevocable.” The increasing American population both provided demand for livestock that drove indigenous raids into Mexico and curtailed access to land and resources, promoting migration across the border and making it exceedingly difficult for Mexico to assert sovereign control over northern territory.
Raúl A. Ramos
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807832073
- eISBN:
- 9781469604657
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807888933_ramos.7
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter focuses on the report presented to General Manuel Mier y Teran by prominent Bexareno Francisco Ruiz regarding the Indians living in the Department of Texas in 1828. Ruiz's observations ...
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This chapter focuses on the report presented to General Manuel Mier y Teran by prominent Bexareno Francisco Ruiz regarding the Indians living in the Department of Texas in 1828. Ruiz's observations carried the weight of a native of the region and an individual involved in indigenous relations as an agent and soldier. His notes distinguished between dozens of indigenous groups with an eye toward the possibilities of peace and alliance or war. Of the Lipan Apache, Ruiz wrote, “In my opinion, the southern Lipans are the most cruel of all the barbaric nations I know. . . . I have been told by some of these Indians that they sometimes eat those they kill in war.” By describing them as cannibals, Ruiz depicted Apaches as cruel and barbaric. His words also enlarged the cultural gulf between Apaches and Mexicans by marking the Apaches as dishonorable in warfare and, by extension, unmasculine.Less
This chapter focuses on the report presented to General Manuel Mier y Teran by prominent Bexareno Francisco Ruiz regarding the Indians living in the Department of Texas in 1828. Ruiz's observations carried the weight of a native of the region and an individual involved in indigenous relations as an agent and soldier. His notes distinguished between dozens of indigenous groups with an eye toward the possibilities of peace and alliance or war. Of the Lipan Apache, Ruiz wrote, “In my opinion, the southern Lipans are the most cruel of all the barbaric nations I know. . . . I have been told by some of these Indians that they sometimes eat those they kill in war.” By describing them as cannibals, Ruiz depicted Apaches as cruel and barbaric. His words also enlarged the cultural gulf between Apaches and Mexicans by marking the Apaches as dishonorable in warfare and, by extension, unmasculine.