Bill Kissane
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199273553
- eISBN:
- 9780191706172
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199273553.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter outlines the role that the concept of self-determination played in the Sinn Fein movement up to 1921, and assesses the extent to which it conditioned responses to the Treaty settlement. ...
More
This chapter outlines the role that the concept of self-determination played in the Sinn Fein movement up to 1921, and assesses the extent to which it conditioned responses to the Treaty settlement. It suggests that Sinn Fein was in many ways an anti-colonial movement, and that dominion status was seen by many as incompatible with the case Sinn Fein had made for independence between 1917 and 1921. Nevertheless, geo-political pressures, notably the weak support for Irish republicanism in the English-speaking world, meant that independence outside the Empire was perceived by many as impossible. To outsiders it was undesirable. Once attitudes to the compromise became bound up with questions of democratic legitimacy, long standing constitutional ambiguities within Irish nationalism resurfaced during the Treaty debate.Less
This chapter outlines the role that the concept of self-determination played in the Sinn Fein movement up to 1921, and assesses the extent to which it conditioned responses to the Treaty settlement. It suggests that Sinn Fein was in many ways an anti-colonial movement, and that dominion status was seen by many as incompatible with the case Sinn Fein had made for independence between 1917 and 1921. Nevertheless, geo-political pressures, notably the weak support for Irish republicanism in the English-speaking world, meant that independence outside the Empire was perceived by many as impossible. To outsiders it was undesirable. Once attitudes to the compromise became bound up with questions of democratic legitimacy, long standing constitutional ambiguities within Irish nationalism resurfaced during the Treaty debate.
DEIRDRE MCMAHON
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205647
- eISBN:
- 9780191676727
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205647.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter describes the significance of Ireland in the unfolding history of the British Empire and Commonwealth. The new, more self-assertive generation of nationalists was watched with some ...
More
This chapter describes the significance of Ireland in the unfolding history of the British Empire and Commonwealth. The new, more self-assertive generation of nationalists was watched with some apprehension by the Roman Catholic Church. The Church supported the demand for Home Rule but opposed more revolutionary forms of nationalism, fearing not just the disorder and chaos of revolution but also the rise of the anticlericalism it had so successfully avoided. The final contours of Home Rule were still unclear by the time it was finally enacted on 18 September 1914. The conflicting ideas in the evolution of an Irish settlement were symbolized by two remarkable men, Erskine Childers and Lionel Curtis. The signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty had profound repercussions in the wider Imperial sphere.Less
This chapter describes the significance of Ireland in the unfolding history of the British Empire and Commonwealth. The new, more self-assertive generation of nationalists was watched with some apprehension by the Roman Catholic Church. The Church supported the demand for Home Rule but opposed more revolutionary forms of nationalism, fearing not just the disorder and chaos of revolution but also the rise of the anticlericalism it had so successfully avoided. The final contours of Home Rule were still unclear by the time it was finally enacted on 18 September 1914. The conflicting ideas in the evolution of an Irish settlement were symbolized by two remarkable men, Erskine Childers and Lionel Curtis. The signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty had profound repercussions in the wider Imperial sphere.
FEARGHAL McGARRY
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199226672
- eISBN:
- 9780191696268
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199226672.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter examines the rise of Eoin O'Duffy as a national figure and as a revolutionary in Ireland. It explains that the bitterness and disillusionment provoked by the Anglo-Irish Treaty split and ...
More
This chapter examines the rise of Eoin O'Duffy as a national figure and as a revolutionary in Ireland. It explains that the bitterness and disillusionment provoked by the Anglo-Irish Treaty split and Irish Civil War exerted a greater influence on O'Duffy's subsequent career than the preceding years of unity. This can be seen in his membership of the inner circle of the revolutionary élite and his multiple roles as chief of staff of the Irish Republican Army (IRA), treasurer of the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB), and Dáil Éireann politician.Less
This chapter examines the rise of Eoin O'Duffy as a national figure and as a revolutionary in Ireland. It explains that the bitterness and disillusionment provoked by the Anglo-Irish Treaty split and Irish Civil War exerted a greater influence on O'Duffy's subsequent career than the preceding years of unity. This can be seen in his membership of the inner circle of the revolutionary élite and his multiple roles as chief of staff of the Irish Republican Army (IRA), treasurer of the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB), and Dáil Éireann politician.
Iain Mclean
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199546954
- eISBN:
- 9780191720031
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199546954.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, UK Politics
Temporary increase in number of veto players. Revolt of the landed class. Marxist explanation. Unionism and the British Empire. Primordial unionism. Bonar Law: the first non‐Anglican to lead the ...
More
Temporary increase in number of veto players. Revolt of the landed class. Marxist explanation. Unionism and the British Empire. Primordial unionism. Bonar Law: the first non‐Anglican to lead the Conservative Party. Ireland: in the Union, but its opinions not to count.Less
Temporary increase in number of veto players. Revolt of the landed class. Marxist explanation. Unionism and the British Empire. Primordial unionism. Bonar Law: the first non‐Anglican to lead the Conservative Party. Ireland: in the Union, but its opinions not to count.
Bruce Nelson
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691153124
- eISBN:
- 9781400842230
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691153124.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter discusses events surrounding the Irish Republican government's signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty on December 6, 1921. The treaty granted Ireland dominion status but stopped far short of ...
More
This chapter discusses events surrounding the Irish Republican government's signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty on December 6, 1921. The treaty granted Ireland dominion status but stopped far short of recognizing the “isolated Republic” that the members of Dáil Éireann and the Irish Republican Army had sworn a solemn oath to uphold. Almost immediately, the treaty divided the republican movement, and by the time it was ratified by a narrow margin in early January 1922, Ireland was drifting toward civil war. The acrimonious treaty debate, the descent into fratricidal warfare that pitted former comrades against each other; the gratuitous violence that took the lives of leading republicans such as Michael Collins, Harry Boland, Erskine Childers, and Liam Mellows—all of this left an indelible imprint on the Irish psyche and affected politics in Ireland for much of the twentieth century. It is fair to say that from the moment the treaty was signed, the republican movement was engulfed by an internal crisis of direction and morale from which it never fully recovered.Less
This chapter discusses events surrounding the Irish Republican government's signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty on December 6, 1921. The treaty granted Ireland dominion status but stopped far short of recognizing the “isolated Republic” that the members of Dáil Éireann and the Irish Republican Army had sworn a solemn oath to uphold. Almost immediately, the treaty divided the republican movement, and by the time it was ratified by a narrow margin in early January 1922, Ireland was drifting toward civil war. The acrimonious treaty debate, the descent into fratricidal warfare that pitted former comrades against each other; the gratuitous violence that took the lives of leading republicans such as Michael Collins, Harry Boland, Erskine Childers, and Liam Mellows—all of this left an indelible imprint on the Irish psyche and affected politics in Ireland for much of the twentieth century. It is fair to say that from the moment the treaty was signed, the republican movement was engulfed by an internal crisis of direction and morale from which it never fully recovered.
Bill Kissane
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199273553
- eISBN:
- 9780191706172
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199273553.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This introductory chapter provides a brief summary of the literature on the Irish civil war and its relevance to the general debate on civil wars. It suggests that despite the localized nature of ...
More
This introductory chapter provides a brief summary of the literature on the Irish civil war and its relevance to the general debate on civil wars. It suggests that despite the localized nature of most of the fighting, and the personalization of the issues around the figure of Eamon de Valera in much of the historical literature, the Irish civil war should be regarded above all as a legitimacy crisis. That crisis reflected the intense concern with international status which had characterized the Sinn Fein movement and overrode any socio-economic or regional tensions. In that movement, questions of national freedom were intimately bound up with ideas of democratic legitimacy, and this made for an increased importance of constitutional divisions following the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty. The last section of this chapter outlines the structure of the book.Less
This introductory chapter provides a brief summary of the literature on the Irish civil war and its relevance to the general debate on civil wars. It suggests that despite the localized nature of most of the fighting, and the personalization of the issues around the figure of Eamon de Valera in much of the historical literature, the Irish civil war should be regarded above all as a legitimacy crisis. That crisis reflected the intense concern with international status which had characterized the Sinn Fein movement and overrode any socio-economic or regional tensions. In that movement, questions of national freedom were intimately bound up with ideas of democratic legitimacy, and this made for an increased importance of constitutional divisions following the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty. The last section of this chapter outlines the structure of the book.
Fergus Campbell
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199273249
- eISBN:
- 9780191706387
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199273249.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
In the 1890s, most of the inhabitants of the west of Ireland experienced great poverty and hardship, living as they did on farms that were too small to provide them with a reasonable standard of ...
More
In the 1890s, most of the inhabitants of the west of Ireland experienced great poverty and hardship, living as they did on farms that were too small to provide them with a reasonable standard of living. By 1921, however, the living conditions of many of them had been transformed by a series of Land Acts that revolutionized the system of land holding in Ireland. This book examines agrarian conflict in Ireland during the neglected period between the death of Parnell (1891) and the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty (1921), and demonstrates that land reform was often introduced in response to popular protest. This book provides an account of popular political activity in late 19th- and 20th-century Ireland and the social background, ideas, and activities of grassroots political activists are explored, as are the class conflicts that threatened to fragment the unity of the nationalist movement in rural communities. This book suggests new interpretations of a number of critical developments including the failure of ‘constructive unionism’, the origins of Sinn Féin, and the nature and dynamics of the Irish revolution (1916-23).Less
In the 1890s, most of the inhabitants of the west of Ireland experienced great poverty and hardship, living as they did on farms that were too small to provide them with a reasonable standard of living. By 1921, however, the living conditions of many of them had been transformed by a series of Land Acts that revolutionized the system of land holding in Ireland. This book examines agrarian conflict in Ireland during the neglected period between the death of Parnell (1891) and the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty (1921), and demonstrates that land reform was often introduced in response to popular protest. This book provides an account of popular political activity in late 19th- and 20th-century Ireland and the social background, ideas, and activities of grassroots political activists are explored, as are the class conflicts that threatened to fragment the unity of the nationalist movement in rural communities. This book suggests new interpretations of a number of critical developments including the failure of ‘constructive unionism’, the origins of Sinn Féin, and the nature and dynamics of the Irish revolution (1916-23).
E. H. H. GREEN
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198205937
- eISBN:
- 9780191717116
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205937.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Political History
This chapter reviews the Conservative decision at the Carlton Club meeting of 1922 to end the coalition with the Lloyd George Liberals, and examines the part played by the Conservative's identity as ...
More
This chapter reviews the Conservative decision at the Carlton Club meeting of 1922 to end the coalition with the Lloyd George Liberals, and examines the part played by the Conservative's identity as the party of anti-socialism in this decision. Key issues discussed include the impact of taxation, the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921, and the activism of the middle classes with the formation of the Middle Class Union, the Anti-Waste League, and the People's Union for Economy.Less
This chapter reviews the Conservative decision at the Carlton Club meeting of 1922 to end the coalition with the Lloyd George Liberals, and examines the part played by the Conservative's identity as the party of anti-socialism in this decision. Key issues discussed include the impact of taxation, the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921, and the activism of the middle classes with the formation of the Middle Class Union, the Anti-Waste League, and the People's Union for Economy.
William Murphy
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199569076
- eISBN:
- 9780191747373
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199569076.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Political History
This chapter assesses the release of those imprisoned prior to Anglo-Irish Treaty of 6 December 1921. The releases began on 8 December and for most liberty came swiftly, but for others it came very ...
More
This chapter assesses the release of those imprisoned prior to Anglo-Irish Treaty of 6 December 1921. The releases began on 8 December and for most liberty came swiftly, but for others it came very slowly indeed. After an initial mass release of internees, the new Irish Free State authorities and successive British and Northern Ireland governments haggled over the freedom of the remaining minority. Distinctions were drawn on the basis of the timing of a prisoners’ conviction, the jurisdiction in which their offence occurred, and the type of offence. Politicians used the prisoners as pawns in a variety of negotiations; their releases eased agreements and marked political milestones. Prisoners remained sticks with which political opponents beat each other, hostages, and gifts with which to appease the public. As their numbers dwindled and new conflicts arose, however, the few left behind struggled to remain in the public consciousness.Less
This chapter assesses the release of those imprisoned prior to Anglo-Irish Treaty of 6 December 1921. The releases began on 8 December and for most liberty came swiftly, but for others it came very slowly indeed. After an initial mass release of internees, the new Irish Free State authorities and successive British and Northern Ireland governments haggled over the freedom of the remaining minority. Distinctions were drawn on the basis of the timing of a prisoners’ conviction, the jurisdiction in which their offence occurred, and the type of offence. Politicians used the prisoners as pawns in a variety of negotiations; their releases eased agreements and marked political milestones. Prisoners remained sticks with which political opponents beat each other, hostages, and gifts with which to appease the public. As their numbers dwindled and new conflicts arose, however, the few left behind struggled to remain in the public consciousness.
David Brundage
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- April 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780195331776
- eISBN:
- 9780199378166
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331776.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century, American History: 20th Century
This chapter analyzes the Irish American nationalist movement in a period when it was relative small. It begins with the debate over the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the ensuing Irish Civil War, which ...
More
This chapter analyzes the Irish American nationalist movement in a period when it was relative small. It begins with the debate over the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the ensuing Irish Civil War, which confused and demoralized the US movement. It then goes on to discuss residual influences of Irish nationalism in American life, including the labor movement and urban politics. Finally it considers post–World War II developments, such as suburbanization, in furthering the decline of the movement.Less
This chapter analyzes the Irish American nationalist movement in a period when it was relative small. It begins with the debate over the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the ensuing Irish Civil War, which confused and demoralized the US movement. It then goes on to discuss residual influences of Irish nationalism in American life, including the labor movement and urban politics. Finally it considers post–World War II developments, such as suburbanization, in furthering the decline of the movement.
Gerard Keown
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198745129
- eISBN:
- 9780191806063
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198745129.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Political History
The Anglo Irish Treaty of December 1921 established the Irish Free State as a dominion within the British Commonwealth at a time when the dominions did not have their own foreign policy or diplomats ...
More
The Anglo Irish Treaty of December 1921 established the Irish Free State as a dominion within the British Commonwealth at a time when the dominions did not have their own foreign policy or diplomats abroad. The Free State did not legally exist until December 1922. In the interim, a Provisional Government managed the transition from British rule while the revolutionary Dáil government continued to exist in parallel. Chapter 4 looks at the awkward cohabitation between the two, the split in the foreign service established by Dáil Éireann as Ireland slid towards civil war over the terms of the Treaty, and the consequences for the efforts of George Gavan Duffy and Michael Collins to craft a foreign policy for the new state.Less
The Anglo Irish Treaty of December 1921 established the Irish Free State as a dominion within the British Commonwealth at a time when the dominions did not have their own foreign policy or diplomats abroad. The Free State did not legally exist until December 1922. In the interim, a Provisional Government managed the transition from British rule while the revolutionary Dáil government continued to exist in parallel. Chapter 4 looks at the awkward cohabitation between the two, the split in the foreign service established by Dáil Éireann as Ireland slid towards civil war over the terms of the Treaty, and the consequences for the efforts of George Gavan Duffy and Michael Collins to craft a foreign policy for the new state.
Eunan O'Halpin and Daithi O Corrain
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780300123821
- eISBN:
- 9780300257472
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300123821.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This book covers the turbulent period from the 1916 Rising to the Anglo-Irish Treaty of December 1921 — a period which saw the achievement of independence for most of nationalist Ireland and the ...
More
This book covers the turbulent period from the 1916 Rising to the Anglo-Irish Treaty of December 1921 — a period which saw the achievement of independence for most of nationalist Ireland and the establishment of Northern Ireland as a self-governing province of the United Kingdom. Separatists fought for independence against government forces and, in North East Ulster, armed loyalists. Civilians suffered violence from all combatants, sometimes as collateral damage, often as targets. This book catalogues and analyzes the deaths of all men, women, and children who died during the revolutionary years. The book provides a unique and comprehensive picture of everyone who died: in what manner, by whose hands, and why. Through their stories the reader obtains original insight into the Irish revolution itself.Less
This book covers the turbulent period from the 1916 Rising to the Anglo-Irish Treaty of December 1921 — a period which saw the achievement of independence for most of nationalist Ireland and the establishment of Northern Ireland as a self-governing province of the United Kingdom. Separatists fought for independence against government forces and, in North East Ulster, armed loyalists. Civilians suffered violence from all combatants, sometimes as collateral damage, often as targets. This book catalogues and analyzes the deaths of all men, women, and children who died during the revolutionary years. The book provides a unique and comprehensive picture of everyone who died: in what manner, by whose hands, and why. Through their stories the reader obtains original insight into the Irish revolution itself.
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781846316586
- eISBN:
- 9781846316722
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Discontinued
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846316722.005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter examines Seán MacBride's rise through the ranks of the Irish Republican Army (IRA). It discusses MacBride's opposition to the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty, the division created by the treaty ...
More
This chapter examines Seán MacBride's rise through the ranks of the Irish Republican Army (IRA). It discusses MacBride's opposition to the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty, the division created by the treaty among the ranks of the IRA and describes MacBride' law education and his imprisonment at Mountjoy. It also considers his marriage to Catalina ‘Kid’ Bulfin and his close association with Éamon de Valera starting in 1925. This chapter also considers MacBride's conflict with his mother who supported some of the provisions of the treaty.Less
This chapter examines Seán MacBride's rise through the ranks of the Irish Republican Army (IRA). It discusses MacBride's opposition to the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty, the division created by the treaty among the ranks of the IRA and describes MacBride' law education and his imprisonment at Mountjoy. It also considers his marriage to Catalina ‘Kid’ Bulfin and his close association with Éamon de Valera starting in 1925. This chapter also considers MacBride's conflict with his mother who supported some of the provisions of the treaty.
Crawford Gribben
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- October 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780198868187
- eISBN:
- 9780191943478
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198868187.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, History of Religion
This chapter studies how the treaty that brought an end to the Anglo-Irish War, the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921, divided Ireland in two. Northern Ireland was to be governed by a ‘protestant parliament ...
More
This chapter studies how the treaty that brought an end to the Anglo-Irish War, the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921, divided Ireland in two. Northern Ireland was to be governed by a ‘protestant parliament for a protestant people’, while Southern Ireland, which became a Free State in 1922 and a Republic in 1949, would come to privilege in constitutional law the special status of the Catholic Church and to formulate policy that reflected Catholic teaching. Over eight decades, the Catholic Church validated the southern state, and provided much of the infrastructure of its institutions. Provoked by the structural inequalities that were the responsibility of the unionist politicians who governed Northern Ireland from 1922 until 1972, as well as by enduring sectarian tensions, a series of outbreaks of violence that were euphemistically known as ‘troubles’ extended, intermittently, from partition to the ceasefire that was announced in Belfast on Good Friday 1998. Yet even this was not an end to violence, and sectarian killings continued.Less
This chapter studies how the treaty that brought an end to the Anglo-Irish War, the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921, divided Ireland in two. Northern Ireland was to be governed by a ‘protestant parliament for a protestant people’, while Southern Ireland, which became a Free State in 1922 and a Republic in 1949, would come to privilege in constitutional law the special status of the Catholic Church and to formulate policy that reflected Catholic teaching. Over eight decades, the Catholic Church validated the southern state, and provided much of the infrastructure of its institutions. Provoked by the structural inequalities that were the responsibility of the unionist politicians who governed Northern Ireland from 1922 until 1972, as well as by enduring sectarian tensions, a series of outbreaks of violence that were euphemistically known as ‘troubles’ extended, intermittently, from partition to the ceasefire that was announced in Belfast on Good Friday 1998. Yet even this was not an end to violence, and sectarian killings continued.
A. W. Brian Simpson
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198259497
- eISBN:
- 9780191681974
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198259497.003.0002
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
It was the text of Regulation 14B, not its original limited purpose as an instrument of alien control, which lived on, and this text was drafted so as not to restrict the scope of the regulation to ...
More
It was the text of Regulation 14B, not its original limited purpose as an instrument of alien control, which lived on, and this text was drafted so as not to restrict the scope of the regulation to that purpose. The expression ‘of hostile origin’ clearly included former enemy citizens, and perhaps those whose parents were of enemy citizenship. ‘Of hostile associations’ was much less precise. The war with Germany was not the only problem then confronting government; there was the Irish question, and the authorities made extensive use of Regulation 14B to crush the Irish rebellion of 1916. With the official end of the war on August 31, 1921 executive detention ceased to be possible in mainland Britain under the Defence of the Realm Act, and with the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty of December 6, 1921, and the establishment of the Irish Free State, it might be supposed that detention in Britain under the Restoration of Order in Ireland Act 1920 might then have ceased too. But, incredibly, the arrests and detentions continued.Less
It was the text of Regulation 14B, not its original limited purpose as an instrument of alien control, which lived on, and this text was drafted so as not to restrict the scope of the regulation to that purpose. The expression ‘of hostile origin’ clearly included former enemy citizens, and perhaps those whose parents were of enemy citizenship. ‘Of hostile associations’ was much less precise. The war with Germany was not the only problem then confronting government; there was the Irish question, and the authorities made extensive use of Regulation 14B to crush the Irish rebellion of 1916. With the official end of the war on August 31, 1921 executive detention ceased to be possible in mainland Britain under the Defence of the Realm Act, and with the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty of December 6, 1921, and the establishment of the Irish Free State, it might be supposed that detention in Britain under the Restoration of Order in Ireland Act 1920 might then have ceased too. But, incredibly, the arrests and detentions continued.
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853237143
- eISBN:
- 9781846313776
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846313776.003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter describes the political and religious circumstances prevalent in Ireland throughout the making of the plan for Londonderry. It provides a brief historical background of Ireland and ...
More
This chapter describes the political and religious circumstances prevalent in Ireland throughout the making of the plan for Londonderry. It provides a brief historical background of Ireland and highlights the schism between those Irish who regard Northern Ireland as an integral part of Great Britain and those who regard it as a natural part of the Republic of Ireland. It discusses the social and economic inequities that affected both Protestant and Catholic working-class populations and considers the struggle of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and the signing of the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty.Less
This chapter describes the political and religious circumstances prevalent in Ireland throughout the making of the plan for Londonderry. It provides a brief historical background of Ireland and highlights the schism between those Irish who regard Northern Ireland as an integral part of Great Britain and those who regard it as a natural part of the Republic of Ireland. It discusses the social and economic inequities that affected both Protestant and Catholic working-class populations and considers the struggle of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and the signing of the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty.