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Anger and the Desire for Revenge

Voula Tsouna

in The Ethics of Philodemus

This chapter examines Philodemus' diatribe On Anger, a principal piece of On the Passions and an important contribution to the philosophical literature on that subject. The first section supplies ... More

This chapter examines Philodemus' diatribe On Anger, a principal piece of On the Passions and an important contribution to the philosophical literature on that subject. The first section supplies some semantic and historical context for Philodemus' discussion. The next section presents the methodological objections raised by Timasagoras, one of Philodemus' professional rivals, and shows how Philodemus responds to them. The chapter then discusses how Philodemus accounts for the nature and symptoms of anger, the beliefs, and feelings that it involves, and its consequences. The next section after that is devoted to Philodemus' refutation of certain Peripatetics whom, rightly or wrongly, he takes to encourage one to lose one's temper. In addition, this section discusses the case of people who give the appearance of irascibility without really being irascible. The chpater then deals with the issue of whether anger is a good or a bad thing. Finally it examines whether the sage experiences no less anger than the common man. It discusses three arguments in the form of έπιλογισμός (translit. epilogismos, pl. epilogismoi) to the effect that the sage feels as much anger as the common man, and then another three arguments whereby Philodemus rebuts the epilogismoi of his opponents.Less

Religious Conversion and Psychodynamic Experiences

William A. Richards and G. William Barnard

in Sacred Knowledge: Psychedelics and Religious Experiences

Psychodynamic experiences.

“How to Say ‘Fuck Off’ Politely”

James B. Waldram

in Hound Pound Narrative: Sexual Offender Habilitation and the Anthropology of Therapeutic Intervention

This chapter examines the anger mangement module. “Anger Management” and “Assertiveness”—common components of many kinds of psychotherapeutic modalities—are two psychoeducational groups that ... More

This chapter examines the anger mangement module. “Anger Management” and “Assertiveness”—common components of many kinds of psychotherapeutic modalities—are two psychoeducational groups that typically follow “Cognitive Skills” and “Values, Attitudes, and Beliefs.” In Anger Management, the inmates are taught “what anger is, when it becomes a problem, and the importance of managing anger effectively,” using a variety of cognitive and behavioral strategies. Instructions in this module includes the Five Factors That Tell Us We Have a Problem with Anger: (1) when it is too frequent; (2) when anger lasts too long; (3) when it leads to aggression; (4) when anger is too intense; and (5) when anger disturbs your work or relationships.Less

Editor’s Introduction: Scholarship’s Afterlife: The Return of Rage

Jane Marcus

Jean Mills (ed.)

in Nancy Cunard: Perfect Stranger

This chapter charts the editor’s journey in re-organizing, editing, and seeing through to publication a posthumous unfinished manuscript by her mentor, Jane Marcus. The chapter highlights the book’s ... More

This chapter charts the editor’s journey in re-organizing, editing, and seeing through to publication a posthumous unfinished manuscript by her mentor, Jane Marcus. The chapter highlights the book’s significance to feminist scholarship, Modernism, post-colonial and critical race theory, and to historians of race, gender, class, fascism, war, and peace. The book’s response to issues of reputation and representation are considered, here, while making connections to the uses of feminist anger in current debates and strategies in activism against racism and sexual assault.Less

The Absence of Black Supervillains in Mainstream Comics¹

Phillip Lamarr Cunningham

in The Supervillain Reader

During the Watergate scandal, in the pages of Captain America and the Falcon, writer Steve Englehart embarked on a multi-issue storyline revolving around a “Secret Empire” that sought to covertly ... More

During the Watergate scandal, in the pages of Captain America and the Falcon, writer Steve Englehart embarked on a multi-issue storyline revolving around a “Secret Empire” that sought to covertly rule America. In issue#175 (1974), the organization’s leader, “Number One,” was exposed as President Richard Nixon. Rather than being publicly exposed, “Nixon” chooses to commit suicide. The storyline would result in the hero’s questioning of what America had become, and whether he could continue as a symbol of the country. Coming months before Nixon would resign in real-life, the reader can see how far he had fallen in the eyes of Americans. The use of a comic book fiction to portray the angerand frustration with someone seen by the general public as villainous, provides an excellent window into America’s ideas of “villainy” in the mid-1970s.Less

From microscope to telescope: the films of Tony Richardson

B. F. Taylor

in The British New Wave: A Certain Tendency?

This chapter considers Tony Richardson's contribution to British New Wave. Richardson's first film Look Back in Anger (1959), despite its faults, was important for the development of ‘a style to the ... More

This chapter considers Tony Richardson's contribution to British New Wave. Richardson's first film Look Back in Anger (1959), despite its faults, was important for the development of ‘a style to the purposes of the piece’. Look Back in Anger is an interesting film for many reasons. It represents the beginning of Richardson's efforts to establish a new and separate position within the British film industry. The film also helped to generate a new series of critical debates about the development of a British cinematic style, or the lack of it. The film also became allied with other films trying to do similar things, such as Clayton's Room at the Top. It can best be characterised by the extremity of shot scale deployed to show the claustrophobic relationship between Alison and Jimmy, and the construction of The Entertainer demonstrates a willingness to move out from this extreme proximity. Richardson's four films from this period need to be seen as indicative of a talent being developed rather than the achievements of a director at the height of his creative ability.Less

Gaining Administrative School and Community Buy- In

Annette Johnson, Cassandra McKay-Jackson, and Giesela Grumbach

in Critical Service Learning Toolkit: Social Work Strategies for Promoting Healthy Youth Development

Critical service learning (CSL), by its very nature, is conducive to collaborating, building a sense of community, and promoting a positive school climate (Kaye, 2010). In developing the CSL ... More

Critical service learning (CSL), by its very nature, is conducive to collaborating, building a sense of community, and promoting a positive school climate (Kaye, 2010). In developing the CSL project, it is essential to understand the organizational structure of the school and how to collaborate with key stakeholders. The analysis of the organization should include a review of the school’s mission, its educational priorities, and level of administrative support. Schools have many competing priorities, such as improving academic achievement, curriculum development, Common Core learning standards, and promoting social and emotional learning (SEL). The school-based practitioner must recognize the school’s educational priorities and understand how CSL can support one or more of these priorities. This information should be ascertained prior to meeting with the school leader. Furthermore, the school-based practitioner should be fully prepared to articulate connections between CSL and specific school priorities when seeking administrative approval for the project. The principal’s support as the school leader is critical to the development of a new program within the school. To ensure the success of the CSL project, the school social worker or school-based practitioner must first confer with administrators about the value of this work, which may be viewed as more radical than day-to-day interventions with students. Sharing literature that speaks to the effectiveness of CSL may assist in this process. Therefore, as a first step in developing a CSL program in the school, the practitioner should reach out to the school principal. For CSL to be successful, the practitioner must clearly express to him or her how CSL aligns with, supports, or enhances one or more of the school’s educational priorities. Aligning with one of the school’s priorities represents an ideal way to gain buy-in from the principal and other school leaders. To ensure the success of the CSL project, the school social worker or school-based practitioner should share the value and uniqueness of this approach, which builds on students’ strengths and assets. It is also important to collaborate with teachers and community partners to develop an effective program. Less

Toward a Holistic Theology of the Emotions

Michelle Voss Roberts

in Tastes of the Divine: Hindu and Christian Theologies of Emotion

This chapter argues that rasa theory should be taken seriously in Christian theology. Its aesthetic perspective relates contextual and bodily aspects of emotion to religious experience, sheds light ... More

This chapter argues that rasa theory should be taken seriously in Christian theology. Its aesthetic perspective relates contextual and bodily aspects of emotion to religious experience, sheds light on human flourishing, and has much to offer a holistic theological anthropology. A holistic theology of the emotions will do more than prescribe emotion’s regulation. It will savor all nine of the traditional emotions (navarasa) of rasa theory. The chapter first considers a positive role for fury and the other “negative” emotions of terror, disgust, and pathos from the perspective of liberation theology. This liberative perspective then illuminates the “positive” rasas of humor, courage, peace, and love. The discerning spectator (sahṛdaya) will aim to understand each emotion, critically evaluate its religious usefulness, and pursue each emotion as a potential taste of the divine.Less

Confronting Anger: Where the South African TRC Fell Short

Sonali Chakravarti

in Sing the Rage: Listening to Anger after Mass Violence

In its ambitious reckoning with the violence of the apartheid era, the testimonies at the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) included emotions that would have been considered ... More

In its ambitious reckoning with the violence of the apartheid era, the testimonies at the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) included emotions that would have been considered beyond the appropriate scope of testimony in most criminal trials. Yet, although formally included, the moments when victims expressed anger were either ignored altogether or met with ambivalence and confusion about their significance and the appropriate response. In retrospect, the testimonies from the Human Rights Violations hearings provide a remarkable record of how anger was manifested at the Commission. An examination of the transcripts reveals the many ways that an engagement with anger was eclipsed by other concerns and by uncertainty regarding its purpose.Less

The Second Skeptic: Adam Smith and the Visualization of Sympathy

Sonali Chakravarti

in Sing the Rage: Listening to Anger after Mass Violence

In his Theory of Moral Sentiments Adam Smith argues that while sympathy does not negate pain, it is the most comforting response citizens can receive from others, even when they express anger and ... More

In his Theory of Moral Sentiments Adam Smith argues that while sympathy does not negate pain, it is the most comforting response citizens can receive from others, even when they express anger and resentment. At the same time, Smith is surprisingly caustic in relation to those who express the “detestable passions,” taking the expression of these passions as a threat to civil society and the object of universal condemnation. Why does a theorist who pays so much attention to the complexity of the communication of pain take such a harsh position in relation to anger? The chapter posits that the answer lies with Smith’s understanding of sympathy within the idiom of a visual model, one that balances a concern for sympathy with an emphasis on distance, clarity, and proportionality.Less

Three Values of Anger

Sonali Chakravarti

in Sing the Rage: Listening to Anger after Mass Violence

The chapter provides a schematic for interpreting anger in the context of testimony after mass violence. Each of the three dimensions of anger presented—cognitive-evaluative, confrontational and ... More

The chapter provides a schematic for interpreting anger in the context of testimony after mass violence. Each of the three dimensions of anger presented—cognitive-evaluative, confrontational and kinetic— highlights a different way in which anger is important to the process of transitional justice, but is often missed because of a focus on material evidence or a defensive reaction of censure. The three dimensions of anger may exist concurrently in the one testimony and are tied to the practice of listening, rather than the speaker’s explicit intent.Less

Trust Enough to Tarry

Sonali Chakravarti

in Sing the Rage: Listening to Anger after Mass Violence

The chapter suggests than an engagement with anger provides an opportunity for truth commissions to serve as incubators of trust and lay a path for future everyday interactions. The very aspects that ... More

The chapter suggests than an engagement with anger provides an opportunity for truth commissions to serve as incubators of trust and lay a path for future everyday interactions. The very aspects that make anger a challenge for communication should be seen as heightening the possibilities for trust (through mutual risk), but this requires a number of changes from previous iterations of truth commissions, including changes in the institutional engagement with testimony and the expectations of the audience who listen to it. Through the victim’s expression of anger and the audience’s response there is the chance for all parties to show a willingness to bear the risks and dependencies associated with political life.Less

Algeria’s Mortified Memory

Oana Panaïté

in The Colonial Fortune in Contemporary Fiction in French

Anger and incivility are integral parts of the post-colonial ethos that oriented France’s response to the violent dismantling of its colonial empire in the wake of World War II. The chapter examines ... More

Anger and incivility are integral parts of the post-colonial ethos that oriented France’s response to the violent dismantling of its colonial empire in the wake of World War II. The chapter examines the recent convergence between autobiographical and documentary writings by Harkis and Pieds-noirs which present two distinct yet interconnected types of memorial writing that recollect or re-enact the colonial past by setting it in contrast with the post-colonial present, thus marking a turn from “memory wars” (Stora) to what I call the “anger consensus.”Less

Fury as a Religious Sentiment

Michelle Voss Roberts

in Tastes of the Divine: Hindu and Christian Theologies of Emotion

This chapter widens the scope of inquiry to an emotion that is not ordinarily treated as religious: anger or fury (raudra rasa). Anger, a sentiment often discouraged in religions oriented toward ... More

This chapter widens the scope of inquiry to an emotion that is not ordinarily treated as religious: anger or fury (raudra rasa). Anger, a sentiment often discouraged in religions oriented toward peace and love, can push religious communities to act against injustice and oppression. This chapter considers the role of fury in the ethical struggle for justice by drawing upon Judith Butler’s notion of performed precarity to frame an analysis of both the limiting forces (precarity) and the agency (performance) entailed in Dalit drumming arts. In contrast to the injunction to pacify anger in dominant Hindu and Christian sensibilities, this chapter argues for the religious import of Dalit expressions of fury.Less

Barry Reckord, the Race Relations Narrative, and the Royal Court Theatre

Amanda Bidnall

in West Indian Generation: Remaking British Culture in London, 1945-1965

“Barry Reckord, the Race Relations Narrative, and the Royal Court Theatre” shifts its analysis of the race relations narrative to the forefront of postwar London drama. Jamaican playwright—and one of ... More

“Barry Reckord, the Race Relations Narrative, and the Royal Court Theatre” shifts its analysis of the race relations narrative to the forefront of postwar London drama. Jamaican playwright—and one of the quintessential “angry young men”—Barry Reckord was among the first to have a play selected by the English Stage Company for production at the reborn Royal Court Theatre. By examining Reckord’s first three plays, Flesh to a Tiger, You in Your Small Corner, and Skyvers, in the context of the Royal Court’s rise to cultural ascendancy, this chapter demonstrates how Reckord helped build the so-called cultural revolution that would write him out of its history.Less

/ On the Use and Abuse of Anger for Life: Ressentiment and Revenge in the Histoire des deux Indes

Sunil M. Agnani

in Hating Empire Properly: The Two Indies and the Limits of Enlightenment Anticolonialism

This chapter considers the affects of ressentiment, revenge, and anger—surprisingly prominent in a text about European trading companies. It examines Diderot's angry exhortation to the reader and ... More

This chapter considers the affects of ressentiment, revenge, and anger—surprisingly prominent in a text about European trading companies. It examines Diderot's angry exhortation to the reader and distinguishes between anger and ressentiment. It suggests that scholars supplement the examination of commerce and history in 18th-century thought with the inclusion of affect, understood as the management of a response to a perceived injustice. Diderot links the absolution of hatred (the anger of the colonized) to the question of justice, and Diderot's “outbursts” are read in relation to the question of global justice, or justice in the colony. Examples from the Histoire geographically span the Southern Cape of Africa, to Goa, Jamaica, and Guam (Mariana Islands). In each the response of the colonized vacillates between anger and revenge. Searching for an alternative to the structuring antagonism and conflict inherent in the colonial context, the “double advantage” describes a mutual benefit whereby the Mariana Islands would be a lucrative colony and (ideally) possess happy subjects, thus commingling an ethical language with the language of commerce and value. Additionally, Diderot imagines this alternative by recourse to a “historical counterfactual”: What if colonization had taken place in this other manner±Less

The Affective Politics of Terror

Andrew A. G. Ross

in Mixed Emotions: Beyond Fear and Hatred in International Conflict

This chapter investigates the powerful emotions associated with terrorist violence, showing that familiar emotions such as fear and anger were in fact highly adaptive responses— affected by prior ... More

This chapter investigates the powerful emotions associated with terrorist violence, showing that familiar emotions such as fear and anger were in fact highly adaptive responses— affected by prior normative commitments, evolving social practices, and historical memories. In the case of September 11, government-sponsored acts of racial profiling helped to forge the terrorist enemy as a racialized synthesis of Arab, Muslim, and Middle Eastern phenotypic and cultural stereotypes; the resulting constructions had a subtle but important impact on public tolerance for the use of force. The chapter uses a comparison to the Madrid bombings of 2004 to sharpen the contention that the emotions evoked by terrorist violence are shaped by the normative commitments, social practices, and emotional sensitivities present in a given context. Whereas the attacks of 9/11 mobilized popular support for war, the 3/11 bombings re-activated anti-war sentiment and sparked anger toward the Spanish government. The chapter shows that emotions such as fear and anger are not fixed, psychological responses but shifting composites of contagious affect.Less

Short Story: ‘Mr. Brill’

Michael Hoover and Daniel Humberd

in Katherine Mansfield and Children

This short story follows the widower Mr. Brill as he works through the stages of grief. Inspired by Katherine Mansfield’s short story Miss Brill, the story attempts to mirror the style and tone of ... More

This short story follows the widower Mr. Brill as he works through the stages of grief. Inspired by Katherine Mansfield’s short story Miss Brill, the story attempts to mirror the style and tone of the original while exploring similar themes told from a more modern perspective. It addresses the timeless topics of love, anger, grief, and how his world changes following the acceptance of traumatic loss. Through recollections of his lost love over the course of a game he thought he would never play again, Mr. Brill gains a new understanding of a worldview very different from his own.Less