Peter J. Marshall
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199640355
- eISBN:
- 9780191739279
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199640355.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Failure in America raised questions about the value of colonies and the future of the British empire. British governments, however, considered that certain colonial possessions remained of ...
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Failure in America raised questions about the value of colonies and the future of the British empire. British governments, however, considered that certain colonial possessions remained of fundamental importance and that they should continue to be managed on established principles. The prominence given to Ireland and the West Indies together with the remaining North American colonies meant that the Atlantic remained the main sphere of British concerns, although the East India Company's Indian territories was becoming a major imperial commitment which was gaining in consequence. The chapter stresses continuities rather than changes which might be seen as marking any immediate shift towards the creation of second empire different from that before the loss of America. A concluding section notes the beginnings of a new American continental empire purporting to be very different from the British one.Less
Failure in America raised questions about the value of colonies and the future of the British empire. British governments, however, considered that certain colonial possessions remained of fundamental importance and that they should continue to be managed on established principles. The prominence given to Ireland and the West Indies together with the remaining North American colonies meant that the Atlantic remained the main sphere of British concerns, although the East India Company's Indian territories was becoming a major imperial commitment which was gaining in consequence. The chapter stresses continuities rather than changes which might be seen as marking any immediate shift towards the creation of second empire different from that before the loss of America. A concluding section notes the beginnings of a new American continental empire purporting to be very different from the British one.
Peter J. Marshall
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199640355
- eISBN:
- 9780191739279
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199640355.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
The impact of the war varied in severity throughout America, generally leaving the bitterest legacy in the south. After the war Britain was widely conceived still to be hostile to America, trying to ...
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The impact of the war varied in severity throughout America, generally leaving the bitterest legacy in the south. After the war Britain was widely conceived still to be hostile to America, trying to curb her maritime commerce, to detach the new western settlements and even to subvert American morals by exporting luxury goods. Americans resented the slighting way in which their society and institutions were generally portrayed in the British press. Assessments of Britain varied from those like Thomas Jefferson, who saw her as irredeemably corrupted and bent on the overthrow of American republicanism, to Alexander Hamilton, for whom the power of the British state and Britain’s recent economic development were models for America to emulate.Less
The impact of the war varied in severity throughout America, generally leaving the bitterest legacy in the south. After the war Britain was widely conceived still to be hostile to America, trying to curb her maritime commerce, to detach the new western settlements and even to subvert American morals by exporting luxury goods. Americans resented the slighting way in which their society and institutions were generally portrayed in the British press. Assessments of Britain varied from those like Thomas Jefferson, who saw her as irredeemably corrupted and bent on the overthrow of American republicanism, to Alexander Hamilton, for whom the power of the British state and Britain’s recent economic development were models for America to emulate.
Mekala Audain
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780813056036
- eISBN:
- 9780813053806
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813056036.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
In the mid-1850s, Texas slaveholders estimated that some 4,000 fugitive slaves had escaped south to Mexico. This chapter broadly examines the process in which runaway slaves from Texas escaped to ...
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In the mid-1850s, Texas slaveholders estimated that some 4,000 fugitive slaves had escaped south to Mexico. This chapter broadly examines the process in which runaway slaves from Texas escaped to Mexico. Specifically, it explores how they learned about freedom south of the border, the types of supplies they gathered for their escape attempts, and the ways in which Texas’s vast landscape shaped their experiences. It argues that the routes that led fugitive slaves to freedom in Mexico were a part of a precarious southern Underground Railroad, but one that operated in the absence of formal networks or a well-organized abolitionist movement. The chapter centers on fugitive slaves’ efforts toward self-emancipation and navigate contested spaces of slavery and freedom with little assistance and under difficult conditions. It sheds new light on the history of runaway slaves by examining the ways in which American westward expansion and the U.S.-Mexico borderlands shaped the fugitive slave experience in the nineteenth century.Less
In the mid-1850s, Texas slaveholders estimated that some 4,000 fugitive slaves had escaped south to Mexico. This chapter broadly examines the process in which runaway slaves from Texas escaped to Mexico. Specifically, it explores how they learned about freedom south of the border, the types of supplies they gathered for their escape attempts, and the ways in which Texas’s vast landscape shaped their experiences. It argues that the routes that led fugitive slaves to freedom in Mexico were a part of a precarious southern Underground Railroad, but one that operated in the absence of formal networks or a well-organized abolitionist movement. The chapter centers on fugitive slaves’ efforts toward self-emancipation and navigate contested spaces of slavery and freedom with little assistance and under difficult conditions. It sheds new light on the history of runaway slaves by examining the ways in which American westward expansion and the U.S.-Mexico borderlands shaped the fugitive slave experience in the nineteenth century.
Paul Frymer
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780691166056
- eISBN:
- 9781400885350
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691166056.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter examines the politics of American expansion into the Southwest, focusing on how some racist politicians promoted manifest destiny while others opposed expansion. The chapter first takes ...
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This chapter examines the politics of American expansion into the Southwest, focusing on how some racist politicians promoted manifest destiny while others opposed expansion. The chapter first takes a look at Mexico's land policy and its attempt to design its settlement policies in a way that copied the United States. It shows how Mexico struggled to assert national authority over its states and territories, promoting a federated structure that empowered the states to control their own land policies. Many of those territories, in turn, committed themselves to land policies that were at odds with those of the central government. The chapter proceeds by discussing U.S. efforts to acquire territory from Latin America, including Cuba and the Dominican Republic, before concluding with an analysis of the politics of the battle to incorporate New Mexico Territory as a state.Less
This chapter examines the politics of American expansion into the Southwest, focusing on how some racist politicians promoted manifest destiny while others opposed expansion. The chapter first takes a look at Mexico's land policy and its attempt to design its settlement policies in a way that copied the United States. It shows how Mexico struggled to assert national authority over its states and territories, promoting a federated structure that empowered the states to control their own land policies. Many of those territories, in turn, committed themselves to land policies that were at odds with those of the central government. The chapter proceeds by discussing U.S. efforts to acquire territory from Latin America, including Cuba and the Dominican Republic, before concluding with an analysis of the politics of the battle to incorporate New Mexico Territory as a state.
Jay Sexton
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199206124
- eISBN:
- 9780191746635
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199206124.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
The early American republic remained embedded in the structures of the British Empire long after the achievement of its political independence in 1783. The nationalism of “postcolonial America,” as ...
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The early American republic remained embedded in the structures of the British Empire long after the achievement of its political independence in 1783. The nationalism of “postcolonial America,” as recent scholarship has called it, owed much to the on-going struggle to consolidate independence from an increasingly powerful and global British Empire. The best means of loosening Britain’s economic grip over the new republic triggered great social and political conflict. Furthermore, Britain intensified the sectional conflict over slavery that would lead to civil war, both by increasing Southern insecurity through its anti-slavery position and by offering a market and potential alternative political alliance to the cotton producing states of the Deep South. Yet, paradoxically, Britain’s persistent influence and its global pre-eminence played an important role in the consolidation and expansion of the United States.Less
The early American republic remained embedded in the structures of the British Empire long after the achievement of its political independence in 1783. The nationalism of “postcolonial America,” as recent scholarship has called it, owed much to the on-going struggle to consolidate independence from an increasingly powerful and global British Empire. The best means of loosening Britain’s economic grip over the new republic triggered great social and political conflict. Furthermore, Britain intensified the sectional conflict over slavery that would lead to civil war, both by increasing Southern insecurity through its anti-slavery position and by offering a market and potential alternative political alliance to the cotton producing states of the Deep South. Yet, paradoxically, Britain’s persistent influence and its global pre-eminence played an important role in the consolidation and expansion of the United States.
Samuel Watson
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813035253
- eISBN:
- 9780813039121
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813035253.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter examines the extent, if any, a Seminole strategy existed to check aggressive white advance into the Gulf Coast region from the period 1812 to 1858. The Florida Indians conducted a ...
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This chapter examines the extent, if any, a Seminole strategy existed to check aggressive white advance into the Gulf Coast region from the period 1812 to 1858. The Florida Indians conducted a lengthy and valiant resistance in an effort to remain on their lands, and several reasons are attributed for their stout defiance. This chapter also identifies a number of factors, most beyond the control of the Seminole, which eventually sealed their demise.Less
This chapter examines the extent, if any, a Seminole strategy existed to check aggressive white advance into the Gulf Coast region from the period 1812 to 1858. The Florida Indians conducted a lengthy and valiant resistance in an effort to remain on their lands, and several reasons are attributed for their stout defiance. This chapter also identifies a number of factors, most beyond the control of the Seminole, which eventually sealed their demise.
Kendra Taira Field
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780300180527
- eISBN:
- 9780300182286
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300180527.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
Chapter 1 documents the life path of Thomas Jefferson Brown, the son of an African-American father and Irish mother, who migrated from Arkansas to Indian Territory in the 1870s and married two ...
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Chapter 1 documents the life path of Thomas Jefferson Brown, the son of an African-American father and Irish mother, who migrated from Arkansas to Indian Territory in the 1870s and married two African-descended women of the Creek and Seminole nations. This chapter uses Brown’s story to illustrate how some early African-American settlers initially bolstered their claims to freedom in the postemancipation era by attaching themselves to American expansion, Native Americans, and the acquisition of Indian land. This complex moment of African-American participation in the expropriation
of Indian Territory was tellingly short-lived. African-American access to Indian land ended abruptly with the advent of Oklahoma statehood, Jim Crow segregation, and oil speculation. As Indian sovereignty was dissolved and notions of racial purity and “blood” acquired growing significance, “race” ultimately eclipsed “nation” as a guarantor of rights and resources. Brown’s story illuminates the construction of a new racial order in Indian Territory, and, ultimately, the limits of North American escape.Less
Chapter 1 documents the life path of Thomas Jefferson Brown, the son of an African-American father and Irish mother, who migrated from Arkansas to Indian Territory in the 1870s and married two African-descended women of the Creek and Seminole nations. This chapter uses Brown’s story to illustrate how some early African-American settlers initially bolstered their claims to freedom in the postemancipation era by attaching themselves to American expansion, Native Americans, and the acquisition of Indian land. This complex moment of African-American participation in the expropriation
of Indian Territory was tellingly short-lived. African-American access to Indian land ended abruptly with the advent of Oklahoma statehood, Jim Crow segregation, and oil speculation. As Indian sovereignty was dissolved and notions of racial purity and “blood” acquired growing significance, “race” ultimately eclipsed “nation” as a guarantor of rights and resources. Brown’s story illuminates the construction of a new racial order in Indian Territory, and, ultimately, the limits of North American escape.
Michel Hogue
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469621050
- eISBN:
- 9781469623238
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469621050.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This chapter explores how Metis borderlanders came into conflict with American federal officials who were convinced that Metis traders enabled Lakota resistance to American expansion and undermined ...
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This chapter explores how Metis borderlanders came into conflict with American federal officials who were convinced that Metis traders enabled Lakota resistance to American expansion and undermined the administration of Indian affairs in the region. While U.S. officials were determined to unravel Metis cross-border economies, the much more limited Canadian presence on the northwestern Plains allowed Metis borderland communities to flourish and undermined American enforcement efforts. Indeed, officials in both countries betrayed a surprising dependence on Metis intermediaries in their diplomatic dealings with other Indigenous peoples and even the actual survey of the forty-ninth parallel. The absence of effective measures to suppress illicit trade or to assess the situation for themselves illustrates the very real limits on American and Canadian efforts to consolidate their sovereignty and the role the Metis played in shaping those efforts.Less
This chapter explores how Metis borderlanders came into conflict with American federal officials who were convinced that Metis traders enabled Lakota resistance to American expansion and undermined the administration of Indian affairs in the region. While U.S. officials were determined to unravel Metis cross-border economies, the much more limited Canadian presence on the northwestern Plains allowed Metis borderland communities to flourish and undermined American enforcement efforts. Indeed, officials in both countries betrayed a surprising dependence on Metis intermediaries in their diplomatic dealings with other Indigenous peoples and even the actual survey of the forty-ninth parallel. The absence of effective measures to suppress illicit trade or to assess the situation for themselves illustrates the very real limits on American and Canadian efforts to consolidate their sovereignty and the role the Metis played in shaping those efforts.
Jay Gitlin
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300101188
- eISBN:
- 9780300155761
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300101188.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Social History
Despite playing a unique and significant role in the history of American expansion, the francophone merchants of the bourgeois frontier found that the cultural landscape of the region they had helped ...
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Despite playing a unique and significant role in the history of American expansion, the francophone merchants of the bourgeois frontier found that the cultural landscape of the region they had helped establish could not accommodate their own distinctive culture. By the 1840s, the language and cultural practices of the French seemed to have disappeared in the very cities they had founded. German and Irish immigrants quickly dominated the Catholic institutions they established and supported. In Detroit and St. Louis, francophone merchant families became centered in the genteel enclaves of Hamtramck, Grosse Pointe, and Frenchtown (Soulard) but continued to exercise both political and economic power throughout the first half of the nineteenth century and beyond. This chapter explores the persistence of French or Creole culture in Creole St. Louis and French Detroit, as well as the Americanization of both cities during the nineteenth century.Less
Despite playing a unique and significant role in the history of American expansion, the francophone merchants of the bourgeois frontier found that the cultural landscape of the region they had helped establish could not accommodate their own distinctive culture. By the 1840s, the language and cultural practices of the French seemed to have disappeared in the very cities they had founded. German and Irish immigrants quickly dominated the Catholic institutions they established and supported. In Detroit and St. Louis, francophone merchant families became centered in the genteel enclaves of Hamtramck, Grosse Pointe, and Frenchtown (Soulard) but continued to exercise both political and economic power throughout the first half of the nineteenth century and beyond. This chapter explores the persistence of French or Creole culture in Creole St. Louis and French Detroit, as well as the Americanization of both cities during the nineteenth century.
Chantal Norrgard
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781469617299
- eISBN:
- 9781469617312
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469617299.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Native American Studies
Between the 1870s and the 1930s, the Lake Superior Ojibwe negotiated dramatic economic, political, and social changes. Spanning that period, which began with the tribe's removal to reservations and ...
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Between the 1870s and the 1930s, the Lake Superior Ojibwe negotiated dramatic economic, political, and social changes. Spanning that period, which began with the tribe's removal to reservations and closed with the Indian New Deal, this book explores the critical relationship between Ojibwe sovereignty and labor. Following the transitions within key industries where the Ojibwe made their living, from the fur trade to agricultural and timber production to cultural tourism, the book argues that while encroaching white settlement forced the Ojibwe of Minnesota and Wisconsin to adapt to rapidly changing political and economic circumstances, they nevertheless strategically used treaty rights claims to sustain the seasonally determined subsistence activities that supplied the rhythm and texture of traditional Ojibwe life. Synthesizing information from diverse sources, including WPA documents, government reports, news stories, tourist scrapbooks, and Ojibwe memoirs, the book shows that even as American expansion and colonialism curtailed the Ojibwe's land base and sovereignty, Ojibwe people advocated for and exercised treaty rights in ways that allowed them to sustain indigenous lifeways while simultaneously meeting contemporary needs—a process of self-determination that continues today.Less
Between the 1870s and the 1930s, the Lake Superior Ojibwe negotiated dramatic economic, political, and social changes. Spanning that period, which began with the tribe's removal to reservations and closed with the Indian New Deal, this book explores the critical relationship between Ojibwe sovereignty and labor. Following the transitions within key industries where the Ojibwe made their living, from the fur trade to agricultural and timber production to cultural tourism, the book argues that while encroaching white settlement forced the Ojibwe of Minnesota and Wisconsin to adapt to rapidly changing political and economic circumstances, they nevertheless strategically used treaty rights claims to sustain the seasonally determined subsistence activities that supplied the rhythm and texture of traditional Ojibwe life. Synthesizing information from diverse sources, including WPA documents, government reports, news stories, tourist scrapbooks, and Ojibwe memoirs, the book shows that even as American expansion and colonialism curtailed the Ojibwe's land base and sovereignty, Ojibwe people advocated for and exercised treaty rights in ways that allowed them to sustain indigenous lifeways while simultaneously meeting contemporary needs—a process of self-determination that continues today.
Angela Pulley Hudson
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807833933
- eISBN:
- 9781469604008
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807898277_hudson.10
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter discusses the continued American expansion into former Indian homelands north and south of the Ohio River, which sparked a renewed passion for what American politicians called “internal ...
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This chapter discusses the continued American expansion into former Indian homelands north and south of the Ohio River, which sparked a renewed passion for what American politicians called “internal improvements.” In addition to roads, canals seemed particularly promising. In 1825, the opening of the Erie Canal heralded a new era in commercial transportation, and almost overnight it made Cleveland an Atlantic port by connecting it to the valuable New York trade network. Equally significant were the improvements in steamboat navigation that united Cleveland's rival Cincinnati with New Orleans in a tight bond of corn, pork, and cotton exchange. The push for improved roads to connect local producers to commercial depots also strengthened in the mid-1820s, as men of “small capital” and those of greater means all sought to tap into the new wealth that seemed to be sweeping the Trans-Appalachian region.Less
This chapter discusses the continued American expansion into former Indian homelands north and south of the Ohio River, which sparked a renewed passion for what American politicians called “internal improvements.” In addition to roads, canals seemed particularly promising. In 1825, the opening of the Erie Canal heralded a new era in commercial transportation, and almost overnight it made Cleveland an Atlantic port by connecting it to the valuable New York trade network. Equally significant were the improvements in steamboat navigation that united Cleveland's rival Cincinnati with New Orleans in a tight bond of corn, pork, and cotton exchange. The push for improved roads to connect local producers to commercial depots also strengthened in the mid-1820s, as men of “small capital” and those of greater means all sought to tap into the new wealth that seemed to be sweeping the Trans-Appalachian region.
