Paul Christopher Johnson
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195150582
- eISBN:
- 9780199834358
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195150589.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, World Religions
Describes the sociopolitical context of the new republican public order of Brazil between 1889 and 1930 that uncovered a third historical layer of the practice of secrecy, now as resistance to the ...
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Describes the sociopolitical context of the new republican public order of Brazil between 1889 and 1930 that uncovered a third historical layer of the practice of secrecy, now as resistance to the republic.The problem of the classification of Candomblé in the Brazilian public sphere began in 1888 with abolition. It is precisely at this juncture that the relation of Afro‐Brazilians and their religions to Brazilian national identity became a pressing concern. With the advent of abolition and the inchoateness of Afro‐Brazilians’ new social position, their provisional status as “Brazilians” shifted in the eyes of white élites back to that of “Africans” and therefore, foreigners – a dangerous and polluting presence. The liberty of freed slaves to perform religious ceremonies involving drumming, sacrifice, and possession dance was an obvious site of contestation since it was in such ritual performances that difference – the “non‐Brazilian” identity – was most radically marked.Less
Describes the sociopolitical context of the new republican public order of Brazil between 1889 and 1930 that uncovered a third historical layer of the practice of secrecy, now as resistance to the republic.
The problem of the classification of Candomblé in the Brazilian public sphere began in 1888 with abolition. It is precisely at this juncture that the relation of Afro‐Brazilians and their religions to Brazilian national identity became a pressing concern. With the advent of abolition and the inchoateness of Afro‐Brazilians’ new social position, their provisional status as “Brazilians” shifted in the eyes of white élites back to that of “Africans” and therefore, foreigners – a dangerous and polluting presence. The liberty of freed slaves to perform religious ceremonies involving drumming, sacrifice, and possession dance was an obvious site of contestation since it was in such ritual performances that difference – the “non‐Brazilian” identity – was most radically marked.
Kwame Dixon
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813062617
- eISBN:
- 9780813055985
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813062617.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
The struggle for racial justice by Afro–civil society in Brazil and Salvador da Bahia is the main concern of this book. Theoretically this research aims to contribute to Latin American critical ...
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The struggle for racial justice by Afro–civil society in Brazil and Salvador da Bahia is the main concern of this book. Theoretically this research aims to contribute to Latin American critical racial theory and Afro-Brazilian social movements by providing deep insights regarding cultural politics in Salvador da Bahia by exploring the following: various and different of forms of Black consciousness and cultural expressions; different levels of political action and social mobilization by Afro-Brazilian groups; the role of Afro–civil society in relation to the state; and to critically analyze current debates on racial and gender discrimination as well as social inequality. Conceptually, this research seeks to break new ground by examining how Black politics both cultural and formal are articulated and the ways in which the state is responding to various Black demands in Brazil, particularly in Salvador da Bahia.Less
The struggle for racial justice by Afro–civil society in Brazil and Salvador da Bahia is the main concern of this book. Theoretically this research aims to contribute to Latin American critical racial theory and Afro-Brazilian social movements by providing deep insights regarding cultural politics in Salvador da Bahia by exploring the following: various and different of forms of Black consciousness and cultural expressions; different levels of political action and social mobilization by Afro-Brazilian groups; the role of Afro–civil society in relation to the state; and to critically analyze current debates on racial and gender discrimination as well as social inequality. Conceptually, this research seeks to break new ground by examining how Black politics both cultural and formal are articulated and the ways in which the state is responding to various Black demands in Brazil, particularly in Salvador da Bahia.
John Burdick
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814709221
- eISBN:
- 9780814723135
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814709221.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Latin American Cultural Anthropology
Throughout Brazil, Afro-Brazilians face widespread racial prejudice. Many turn to religion, with Afro-Brazilians disproportionately represented among Protestants, the fastest-growing religious group ...
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Throughout Brazil, Afro-Brazilians face widespread racial prejudice. Many turn to religion, with Afro-Brazilians disproportionately represented among Protestants, the fastest-growing religious group in the country. Officially, Brazilian Protestants do not involve themselves in racial politics. Behind the scenes, however, the community is deeply involved in the formation of different kinds of blackness—and its engagement in racial politics is rooted in the major new cultural movement of black music. This book explores the complex ideas about race, racism, and racial identity that have grown up among Afro-Brazilians in the black music scene. It pushes our understanding of racial identity and the social effects of music in new directions. Delving into the everyday music-making practices of these scenes, the book shows how the creative process itself shapes how Afro-Brazilian artists experience and understand their racial identities. This book challenges much of what we thought we knew about Brazil's Protestants, provoking us to think in new ways about their role in their country's struggle to combat racism.Less
Throughout Brazil, Afro-Brazilians face widespread racial prejudice. Many turn to religion, with Afro-Brazilians disproportionately represented among Protestants, the fastest-growing religious group in the country. Officially, Brazilian Protestants do not involve themselves in racial politics. Behind the scenes, however, the community is deeply involved in the formation of different kinds of blackness—and its engagement in racial politics is rooted in the major new cultural movement of black music. This book explores the complex ideas about race, racism, and racial identity that have grown up among Afro-Brazilians in the black music scene. It pushes our understanding of racial identity and the social effects of music in new directions. Delving into the everyday music-making practices of these scenes, the book shows how the creative process itself shapes how Afro-Brazilian artists experience and understand their racial identities. This book challenges much of what we thought we knew about Brazil's Protestants, provoking us to think in new ways about their role in their country's struggle to combat racism.
Christen A. Smith
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252039935
- eISBN:
- 9780252098093
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252039935.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
Tourists exult in Bahia, Brazil, as a tropical paradise infused with the black population's one-of-a-kind vitality. But the alluring images of smiling black faces and dancing black bodies masks an ...
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Tourists exult in Bahia, Brazil, as a tropical paradise infused with the black population's one-of-a-kind vitality. But the alluring images of smiling black faces and dancing black bodies masks an ugly reality of anti-black authoritarian violence. This book argues that the dialectic of glorified representations of black bodies and subsequent state repression reinforces Brazil's racially hierarchal society. Interpreting the violence as both institutional and performative, the book follows a grassroots movement and social protest theater troupe in their campaigns against racial violence. As the book reveals, economies of black pain and suffering form the backdrop for the staged, scripted, and choreographed afro-paradise that dazzles visitors. The work of grassroots organizers exposes this relationship, exploding illusions and asking unwelcome questions about the impact of state violence performed against the still-marginalized mass of Afro-Brazilians.Less
Tourists exult in Bahia, Brazil, as a tropical paradise infused with the black population's one-of-a-kind vitality. But the alluring images of smiling black faces and dancing black bodies masks an ugly reality of anti-black authoritarian violence. This book argues that the dialectic of glorified representations of black bodies and subsequent state repression reinforces Brazil's racially hierarchal society. Interpreting the violence as both institutional and performative, the book follows a grassroots movement and social protest theater troupe in their campaigns against racial violence. As the book reveals, economies of black pain and suffering form the backdrop for the staged, scripted, and choreographed afro-paradise that dazzles visitors. The work of grassroots organizers exposes this relationship, exploding illusions and asking unwelcome questions about the impact of state violence performed against the still-marginalized mass of Afro-Brazilians.
David William Foster
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813036656
- eISBN:
- 9780813038445
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813036656.003.0008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
Madalena Schwartz was another important foreign photographer of São Paulo. She was also a Jewish refugee (from Hungary, via Buenos Aires), and although she did not begin working in photography until ...
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Madalena Schwartz was another important foreign photographer of São Paulo. She was also a Jewish refugee (from Hungary, via Buenos Aires), and although she did not begin working in photography until late in her middle age, she went on to become Brazil's most important portrait photographer, working extensively in publicity and producing images of some of the country's most prominent citizens. However, Schwartz also developed a personal artistic line to her photography. Working exclusively in black and white and venturing into the outback, she might be said to be Brazil's first eco-photographer. Of interest to this study, however, is her perspective on marginal urban groups; she is famous for her images of often marginalized Afro-Brazilians, such as the singer Clementina de Jesús and the spiritual leader Mãe Menininha do Gantois, as well as the transvestite performance group, Dzi Croquettes, whose creative resistance to the censorship of the 1964 military coup won them an international audience. Despite being an intimate portraitist, Schwartz was able to capture the enormous complexity of urban life.Less
Madalena Schwartz was another important foreign photographer of São Paulo. She was also a Jewish refugee (from Hungary, via Buenos Aires), and although she did not begin working in photography until late in her middle age, she went on to become Brazil's most important portrait photographer, working extensively in publicity and producing images of some of the country's most prominent citizens. However, Schwartz also developed a personal artistic line to her photography. Working exclusively in black and white and venturing into the outback, she might be said to be Brazil's first eco-photographer. Of interest to this study, however, is her perspective on marginal urban groups; she is famous for her images of often marginalized Afro-Brazilians, such as the singer Clementina de Jesús and the spiritual leader Mãe Menininha do Gantois, as well as the transvestite performance group, Dzi Croquettes, whose creative resistance to the censorship of the 1964 military coup won them an international audience. Despite being an intimate portraitist, Schwartz was able to capture the enormous complexity of urban life.
Jan Hoffman French
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807832929
- eISBN:
- 9781469605777
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807889886_french.13
- Subject:
- Anthropology, American and Canadian Cultural Anthropology
This chapter summarizes the book's main themes and presents some final thoughts. It presents a comparison of the case of Xocó recognition with that of American Indians. It also discusses the rights ...
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This chapter summarizes the book's main themes and presents some final thoughts. It presents a comparison of the case of Xocó recognition with that of American Indians. It also discusses the rights for Afro-Brazilians and Indians during the first decade of the twenty-first century and social justice and state recognition of new ethnoracial identities.Less
This chapter summarizes the book's main themes and presents some final thoughts. It presents a comparison of the case of Xocó recognition with that of American Indians. It also discusses the rights for Afro-Brazilians and Indians during the first decade of the twenty-first century and social justice and state recognition of new ethnoracial identities.
Scott Ickes
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780813044781
- eISBN:
- 9780813046433
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813044781.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
A close study of six major public religious festivals, including carnival, African-Brazilian Culture and Regional Identity in Bahia, Brazil, explores the cultural politics of regional identity in the ...
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A close study of six major public religious festivals, including carnival, African-Brazilian Culture and Regional Identity in Bahia, Brazil, explores the cultural politics of regional identity in the state of Bahia in northeast Brazil. The author shows how, after 1930, the festivals provided a platform for African-Bahians and their allies to re-formulate Bahian regional identity to allow for a greater degree of cultural inclusion for Bahians of African descent. The book emphasizes the agency of African-Bahians as samba, capoeira, and Candomblé ritual were performed during the festivals and describes how politicians, journalists, song writers, and public intellectuals came to celebrate African-Bahian culture as a defining feature of what it meant to be Bahian. The nature of this cultural inclusion, however, was such that, although it was an improvement on the prejudice and persecution of the 1920s, it led to very little, if any, improvement in the political and economic position of working-class people of African descent. As such, the book explores the possibilities and limitations of cross-class alliances based around cultural inclusion in a specific historical setting and the potential of cultural politics for the social inclusion of people of African descent in multi-racial, multi-cultural communities within Brazil and the African diaspora.Less
A close study of six major public religious festivals, including carnival, African-Brazilian Culture and Regional Identity in Bahia, Brazil, explores the cultural politics of regional identity in the state of Bahia in northeast Brazil. The author shows how, after 1930, the festivals provided a platform for African-Bahians and their allies to re-formulate Bahian regional identity to allow for a greater degree of cultural inclusion for Bahians of African descent. The book emphasizes the agency of African-Bahians as samba, capoeira, and Candomblé ritual were performed during the festivals and describes how politicians, journalists, song writers, and public intellectuals came to celebrate African-Bahian culture as a defining feature of what it meant to be Bahian. The nature of this cultural inclusion, however, was such that, although it was an improvement on the prejudice and persecution of the 1920s, it led to very little, if any, improvement in the political and economic position of working-class people of African descent. As such, the book explores the possibilities and limitations of cross-class alliances based around cultural inclusion in a specific historical setting and the potential of cultural politics for the social inclusion of people of African descent in multi-racial, multi-cultural communities within Brazil and the African diaspora.
Kia Lilly Caldwell
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780252040986
- eISBN:
- 9780252099533
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040986.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
Brazil has been long considered a global leader in HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment; however, little is known about the effectiveness of these prevention and treatment efforts for the Afro-Brazilian ...
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Brazil has been long considered a global leader in HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment; however, little is known about the effectiveness of these prevention and treatment efforts for the Afro-Brazilian population. This chapter examines the shift toward greater government action focused on HIV prevention for Afro-Brazilians. The chapter also explores HIV prevention initiatives developed by black women’s organizations and how the dynamics of gender, race, and class shape HIV vulnerability for Afro-Brazilian women. Finally, this chapter examines critiques of racially specific HIV prevention initiatives and the tensions between universalism and race consciousness that have characterized the shift toward focusing on the black population in HIV prevention efforts.Less
Brazil has been long considered a global leader in HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment; however, little is known about the effectiveness of these prevention and treatment efforts for the Afro-Brazilian population. This chapter examines the shift toward greater government action focused on HIV prevention for Afro-Brazilians. The chapter also explores HIV prevention initiatives developed by black women’s organizations and how the dynamics of gender, race, and class shape HIV vulnerability for Afro-Brazilian women. Finally, this chapter examines critiques of racially specific HIV prevention initiatives and the tensions between universalism and race consciousness that have characterized the shift toward focusing on the black population in HIV prevention efforts.
Clarence Bernard Henry
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781604730821
- eISBN:
- 9781604733341
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781604730821.003.0007
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter examines the many facets of Bahian Carnival and how various artists, Carnival organizations, and young Afro-Brazilians celebrate their “re-Africanization” with performances of popular ...
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This chapter examines the many facets of Bahian Carnival and how various artists, Carnival organizations, and young Afro-Brazilians celebrate their “re-Africanization” with performances of popular music and appropriation of sacred themes, imagery, symbols, and iconography from Candomblé in public celebration. It describes how axé music, sacred themes, and imagery and symbols from the Candomblé religion are embodied, secularized, altered, and negotiated in Bahian Carnival. The chapter also explains how sacred rituals observed in the private sanctum of Candomblé are appropriated by many young Afro-Brazilians in the secular celebrations of Bahian Carnival.Less
This chapter examines the many facets of Bahian Carnival and how various artists, Carnival organizations, and young Afro-Brazilians celebrate their “re-Africanization” with performances of popular music and appropriation of sacred themes, imagery, symbols, and iconography from Candomblé in public celebration. It describes how axé music, sacred themes, and imagery and symbols from the Candomblé religion are embodied, secularized, altered, and negotiated in Bahian Carnival. The chapter also explains how sacred rituals observed in the private sanctum of Candomblé are appropriated by many young Afro-Brazilians in the secular celebrations of Bahian Carnival.
John Burdick
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814709221
- eISBN:
- 9780814723135
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814709221.003.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Latin American Cultural Anthropology
This introductory chapter reflects on the political complexities surrounding Afro-Brazilians and the evangelical music scene. The issue of race is an important one in Brazil, hence the pressing need ...
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This introductory chapter reflects on the political complexities surrounding Afro-Brazilians and the evangelical music scene. The issue of race is an important one in Brazil, hence the pressing need to understand what evangélicos (Protestants) think about it. In Brazil, the word has been used since the late 1980s as a generic term to cover all Protestant denominations. Of particular note is their reluctance to engage in ethnocentric activism, as for several reasons the Church has kept itself from participating in politics. Yet at the heart of these evangélicos' lives is music—particularly gospel music—which has since become a vehicle for problack sentiment.Less
This introductory chapter reflects on the political complexities surrounding Afro-Brazilians and the evangelical music scene. The issue of race is an important one in Brazil, hence the pressing need to understand what evangélicos (Protestants) think about it. In Brazil, the word has been used since the late 1980s as a generic term to cover all Protestant denominations. Of particular note is their reluctance to engage in ethnocentric activism, as for several reasons the Church has kept itself from participating in politics. Yet at the heart of these evangélicos' lives is music—particularly gospel music—which has since become a vehicle for problack sentiment.
Bruno Carvalho
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781846319754
- eISBN:
- 9781781381007
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781846319754.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This chapter focuses on the construction of President Vargas Avenue in Rio de Janeiro in the context of changes taking place in other parts of the world, with emphasis on the opposition of local ...
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This chapter focuses on the construction of President Vargas Avenue in Rio de Janeiro in the context of changes taking place in other parts of the world, with emphasis on the opposition of local musicians to the project. It looks at Orson Welles’s experience in the city in 1942 in connection with the consequences of urban reform, particularly his fascination with samba and his relationship with popular musicians. It also considers the importance of the Praça Onze — razed as part of the construction of President Vargas Avenue — to Rio’s cultural landscape. The chapter argues that the Praça Onze would be a central element of Welles’s aborted film, It’s All True, including a performance of the song ‘Praça Onze’ by Herivelto Martins and Grande Otelo. Finally, it discusses unpublished studies on Rio commissioned by Welles, along with his portrayal of Afro-Brazilians and his innovative use of musical forms to structure It’s All True.Less
This chapter focuses on the construction of President Vargas Avenue in Rio de Janeiro in the context of changes taking place in other parts of the world, with emphasis on the opposition of local musicians to the project. It looks at Orson Welles’s experience in the city in 1942 in connection with the consequences of urban reform, particularly his fascination with samba and his relationship with popular musicians. It also considers the importance of the Praça Onze — razed as part of the construction of President Vargas Avenue — to Rio’s cultural landscape. The chapter argues that the Praça Onze would be a central element of Welles’s aborted film, It’s All True, including a performance of the song ‘Praça Onze’ by Herivelto Martins and Grande Otelo. Finally, it discusses unpublished studies on Rio commissioned by Welles, along with his portrayal of Afro-Brazilians and his innovative use of musical forms to structure It’s All True.
