Wendy L. Wall
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195329100
- eISBN:
- 9780199870226
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195329100.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
In the aftermath of World War II, an array of influential elites launched a wide-ranging effort to recapture the sense of teamwork that had pervaded public discourse during the war. Those engaged in ...
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In the aftermath of World War II, an array of influential elites launched a wide-ranging effort to recapture the sense of teamwork that had pervaded public discourse during the war. Those engaged in this endeavor included social scientists who worried about threats to national cohesion; intergroup activists who hoped to extend their wartime anti-prejudice campaigns; business and advertising executives determined to derail the rising power of labor and to halt or roll back the New Deal; and officials of the Truman Administration who sought to unify Americans behind their emerging Cold War policies. The motives of these elites differed sharply, as did their definition of the values around which Americans should unite. What they shared was a fear of social unrest or upheaval. This chapter explores their efforts, focusing particularly on the activities of the Advertising Council. The council provided a vital link between numerous groups and conducted campaigns on behalf of both free enterprise and intergroup tolerance.Less
In the aftermath of World War II, an array of influential elites launched a wide-ranging effort to recapture the sense of teamwork that had pervaded public discourse during the war. Those engaged in this endeavor included social scientists who worried about threats to national cohesion; intergroup activists who hoped to extend their wartime anti-prejudice campaigns; business and advertising executives determined to derail the rising power of labor and to halt or roll back the New Deal; and officials of the Truman Administration who sought to unify Americans behind their emerging Cold War policies. The motives of these elites differed sharply, as did their definition of the values around which Americans should unite. What they shared was a fear of social unrest or upheaval. This chapter explores their efforts, focusing particularly on the activities of the Advertising Council. The council provided a vital link between numerous groups and conducted campaigns on behalf of both free enterprise and intergroup tolerance.
Jesse Matz
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780231164061
- eISBN:
- 9780231543057
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231164061.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
Impressionism captured the world's imagination in the late nineteenth century and remains with us today. Portraying the dynamic effects of modernity, impressionist artists revolutionized the arts and ...
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Impressionism captured the world's imagination in the late nineteenth century and remains with us today. Portraying the dynamic effects of modernity, impressionist artists revolutionized the arts and the wider culture. Impressionism transformed the very pattern of reality, introducing new ways to look at and think about the world and our experience of it. Its legacy has been felt in many major contributions to popular and high culture, from cubism and early cinema to the works of Zadie Smith and W. G. Sebald, from advertisements for Pepsi to the observations of Oliver Sacks and Malcolm Gladwell. Yet impressionism's persistence has also been a problem, a matter of inauthenticity, superficiality, and complicity in what is merely “impressionistic” about culture today. Jesse Matz considers these two legacies—the positive and the negative—to explain impressionism's true contemporary significance. As Lasting Impressions moves through contemporary literature, painting, and popular culture, Matz explains how the perceptual role, cultural effects, and social implications of impressionism continue to generate meaning and foster new forms of creativity, understanding, and public engagement.Less
Impressionism captured the world's imagination in the late nineteenth century and remains with us today. Portraying the dynamic effects of modernity, impressionist artists revolutionized the arts and the wider culture. Impressionism transformed the very pattern of reality, introducing new ways to look at and think about the world and our experience of it. Its legacy has been felt in many major contributions to popular and high culture, from cubism and early cinema to the works of Zadie Smith and W. G. Sebald, from advertisements for Pepsi to the observations of Oliver Sacks and Malcolm Gladwell. Yet impressionism's persistence has also been a problem, a matter of inauthenticity, superficiality, and complicity in what is merely “impressionistic” about culture today. Jesse Matz considers these two legacies—the positive and the negative—to explain impressionism's true contemporary significance. As Lasting Impressions moves through contemporary literature, painting, and popular culture, Matz explains how the perceptual role, cultural effects, and social implications of impressionism continue to generate meaning and foster new forms of creativity, understanding, and public engagement.
Kathryn H. Fuller-Seeley
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780520295049
- eISBN:
- 9780520967946
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520295049.001.0001
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Radio
Jack Benny became one of the most influential entertainers of the 20th century - by being the top radio comedian, when the comics ruled radio, and radio was the most powerful and pervasive mass ...
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Jack Benny became one of the most influential entertainers of the 20th century - by being the top radio comedian, when the comics ruled radio, and radio was the most powerful and pervasive mass medium in the US. In 23 years of weekly radio broadcasts, by aiming all the insults at himself, Benny created Jack, the self-deprecating “Fall Guy” character. He indelibly shaped American humor as a space to enjoy the equal opportunities of easy camaraderie with his cast mates, and equal ego deflation. Benny was the master of comic timing, knowing just when to use silence to create suspense or to have a character leap into the dialogue to puncture Jack’s pretentions. Jack Benny was also a canny entrepreneur, becoming one of the pioneering “showrunners” combining producer, writer and performer into one job. His modern style of radio humor eschewed stale jokes in favor informal repartee with comic hecklers like his valet Rochester (played by Eddie Anderson) and Mary Livingstone his offstage wife. These quirky characters bouncing off each other in humorous situations created the situation comedy. In this career study, we learn how Jack Benny found ingenious ways to sell his sponsors’ products in comic commercials beloved by listeners, and how he dealt with the challenges of race relations, rigid gender ideals and an insurgent new media industry (TV). Jack Benny created classic comedy for a rapidly changing American culture, providing laughter that buoyed radio listeners from 1932’s depths of the Great Depression, through World War II to the mid-1950s.Less
Jack Benny became one of the most influential entertainers of the 20th century - by being the top radio comedian, when the comics ruled radio, and radio was the most powerful and pervasive mass medium in the US. In 23 years of weekly radio broadcasts, by aiming all the insults at himself, Benny created Jack, the self-deprecating “Fall Guy” character. He indelibly shaped American humor as a space to enjoy the equal opportunities of easy camaraderie with his cast mates, and equal ego deflation. Benny was the master of comic timing, knowing just when to use silence to create suspense or to have a character leap into the dialogue to puncture Jack’s pretentions. Jack Benny was also a canny entrepreneur, becoming one of the pioneering “showrunners” combining producer, writer and performer into one job. His modern style of radio humor eschewed stale jokes in favor informal repartee with comic hecklers like his valet Rochester (played by Eddie Anderson) and Mary Livingstone his offstage wife. These quirky characters bouncing off each other in humorous situations created the situation comedy. In this career study, we learn how Jack Benny found ingenious ways to sell his sponsors’ products in comic commercials beloved by listeners, and how he dealt with the challenges of race relations, rigid gender ideals and an insurgent new media industry (TV). Jack Benny created classic comedy for a rapidly changing American culture, providing laughter that buoyed radio listeners from 1932’s depths of the Great Depression, through World War II to the mid-1950s.
Barrie Gunter
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719097874
- eISBN:
- 9781526104359
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719097874.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
Brands are introduced into the lives of consumers from an early age. Even before they start school, they can recognise brand names and ask for brands by name. The meaning of brands to children can ...
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Brands are introduced into the lives of consumers from an early age. Even before they start school, they can recognise brand names and ask for brands by name. The meaning of brands to children can vary dramatically with age. As with other aspects of consumer socialisation, children's initial orientation towards brands occurs at a superficial level because their level of cognitive development does not allow them to understand deeper-seated symbolic meanings of brands. This book examines these processes and how they evolve over the different stages of childhood. It considers specific models of cognitive development and how they inform what we know about the way children engage with brands. It also examines the way brands have adopted new promotional platforms in the digital era and in consequence the ways in which they have taken on new forms that often disguise their true purpose. While children can begin the understand the nature and purpose of advertising from well before their teen years, when advertising is less overt and more subtle – as it often is in the promotional techniques used by brands in online social media and virtual environments – this can impede a child's ability to recognise what is going on. This book examines these phenomena and considers their implications for the future regulation of brand promotions.Less
Brands are introduced into the lives of consumers from an early age. Even before they start school, they can recognise brand names and ask for brands by name. The meaning of brands to children can vary dramatically with age. As with other aspects of consumer socialisation, children's initial orientation towards brands occurs at a superficial level because their level of cognitive development does not allow them to understand deeper-seated symbolic meanings of brands. This book examines these processes and how they evolve over the different stages of childhood. It considers specific models of cognitive development and how they inform what we know about the way children engage with brands. It also examines the way brands have adopted new promotional platforms in the digital era and in consequence the ways in which they have taken on new forms that often disguise their true purpose. While children can begin the understand the nature and purpose of advertising from well before their teen years, when advertising is less overt and more subtle – as it often is in the promotional techniques used by brands in online social media and virtual environments – this can impede a child's ability to recognise what is going on. This book examines these phenomena and considers their implications for the future regulation of brand promotions.
Barrie Gunter
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719097874
- eISBN:
- 9781526104359
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719097874.003.0009
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
The growing concern about children's pre-occupation with brands has led to calls for tighter government-backed restrictions on brand owners‘ marketing activities. The appeal of digital worlds to ...
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The growing concern about children's pre-occupation with brands has led to calls for tighter government-backed restrictions on brand owners‘ marketing activities. The appeal of digital worlds to young consumers has not gone unmissed by professional marketers. The concerns of marketing regulators around the world has grown particularly acute with the emergence of more subtle forms of branding activity in online environments that often disguise their true purpose. Until they reach a level of psychological development that approaches adulthood, children are in any case susceptible to marketing appeals. This is true even with forms of advertising that stand apart from other media content or the physical setting in which they are presented. In digital worlds, brand promotions are frequently integrated with surrounding content and form part of it. This chapter examines these concerns and considers concepts of taste, freedom of choice and harm in debating what kinds of restrictions might be placed on different brand marketing activities where children are concerned.Less
The growing concern about children's pre-occupation with brands has led to calls for tighter government-backed restrictions on brand owners‘ marketing activities. The appeal of digital worlds to young consumers has not gone unmissed by professional marketers. The concerns of marketing regulators around the world has grown particularly acute with the emergence of more subtle forms of branding activity in online environments that often disguise their true purpose. Until they reach a level of psychological development that approaches adulthood, children are in any case susceptible to marketing appeals. This is true even with forms of advertising that stand apart from other media content or the physical setting in which they are presented. In digital worlds, brand promotions are frequently integrated with surrounding content and form part of it. This chapter examines these concerns and considers concepts of taste, freedom of choice and harm in debating what kinds of restrictions might be placed on different brand marketing activities where children are concerned.
Seb Franklin
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262029537
- eISBN:
- 9780262331135
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262029537.003.0003
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Technology and Society
This chapter considers exclusion as an unmarked but fundamental principle of control, and thus as a central concern for contemporary theories of representation. Beginning from Neferti X.M. Tadiar’s ...
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This chapter considers exclusion as an unmarked but fundamental principle of control, and thus as a central concern for contemporary theories of representation. Beginning from Neferti X.M. Tadiar’s critique of the totalizing concept of life that grounds much recent critical work on post-Fordism, the chapter works through the history of the black box concept and its relation to recent socioeconomic imaginaries. The chapter then addresses the methodological limitations of privileging computational media such as network diagrams and video games when seeking to theorize the social, political, and cultural implications of control.Less
This chapter considers exclusion as an unmarked but fundamental principle of control, and thus as a central concern for contemporary theories of representation. Beginning from Neferti X.M. Tadiar’s critique of the totalizing concept of life that grounds much recent critical work on post-Fordism, the chapter works through the history of the black box concept and its relation to recent socioeconomic imaginaries. The chapter then addresses the methodological limitations of privileging computational media such as network diagrams and video games when seeking to theorize the social, political, and cultural implications of control.
Amandine Garde
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199695706
- eISBN:
- 9780191741302
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199695706.003.0007
- Subject:
- Law, EU Law
This chapter explores the basic principles of the internal market and EU law. The discussion centres on how the European Court of Justice used the principle of proportionality in the Tobacco ...
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This chapter explores the basic principles of the internal market and EU law. The discussion centres on how the European Court of Justice used the principle of proportionality in the Tobacco Advertising proceedings. It compares the Court's approach to advertising restrictions with the approach used by the U.S. Supreme Court. This chapter also considers the argument that neither court has created an appropriate balance between the need to guarantee that courts to do not replace their assessment with that of the legislature when using their powers of judicial review, and the need for public authorities to provide proper proof to help justify the limits on the freedom of commercial operators to advertise their goods and services.Less
This chapter explores the basic principles of the internal market and EU law. The discussion centres on how the European Court of Justice used the principle of proportionality in the Tobacco Advertising proceedings. It compares the Court's approach to advertising restrictions with the approach used by the U.S. Supreme Court. This chapter also considers the argument that neither court has created an appropriate balance between the need to guarantee that courts to do not replace their assessment with that of the legislature when using their powers of judicial review, and the need for public authorities to provide proper proof to help justify the limits on the freedom of commercial operators to advertise their goods and services.
Myra S. Washington
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781496814227
- eISBN:
- 9781496814265
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496814227.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
Kimora Lee Simmons’s career as a fashion model and media figure offers an alternative reading of Blasians as potentially resistive and subversive campy subjects. This chapter delves into how her use ...
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Kimora Lee Simmons’s career as a fashion model and media figure offers an alternative reading of Blasians as potentially resistive and subversive campy subjects. This chapter delves into how her use of camp is predicated on the performative nature of identity and her refusal to settle for the primacy of visibility and authenticity as key measures of race. Analyses of Simmons’s advertising campaigns, reality television show, and social media usage highlights the ways her Blasianness publicly challenges the idea of a color-blind, post-racial United States.Less
Kimora Lee Simmons’s career as a fashion model and media figure offers an alternative reading of Blasians as potentially resistive and subversive campy subjects. This chapter delves into how her use of camp is predicated on the performative nature of identity and her refusal to settle for the primacy of visibility and authenticity as key measures of race. Analyses of Simmons’s advertising campaigns, reality television show, and social media usage highlights the ways her Blasianness publicly challenges the idea of a color-blind, post-racial United States.
Jason P. Chambers
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780252041426
- eISBN:
- 9780252050022
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252041426.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
New York City’s Madison Avenue has long been considered the center of advertising in the United States. Yet for African Americans in the industry, Chicago is much more representative of their ...
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New York City’s Madison Avenue has long been considered the center of advertising in the United States. Yet for African Americans in the industry, Chicago is much more representative of their experiences in and contributions to advertising. This chapter examines the early professional and entrepreneurial life of Thomas J. Burrell, founder of Burrell Advertising. It analyzes the creation of his advertising technique known as “Positive Realism” in representing blacks’ in advertisements as well as his contributions to the development of the network of blacks Chicago’s business community. Additionally, this chapter focuses on the strategic relationships Burrell built within the advertising industry and with individuals who worked for clients like McDonald’s. These relationships enabled Burrell to build of the most successful agencies in advertising history.
Less
New York City’s Madison Avenue has long been considered the center of advertising in the United States. Yet for African Americans in the industry, Chicago is much more representative of their experiences in and contributions to advertising. This chapter examines the early professional and entrepreneurial life of Thomas J. Burrell, founder of Burrell Advertising. It analyzes the creation of his advertising technique known as “Positive Realism” in representing blacks’ in advertisements as well as his contributions to the development of the network of blacks Chicago’s business community. Additionally, this chapter focuses on the strategic relationships Burrell built within the advertising industry and with individuals who worked for clients like McDonald’s. These relationships enabled Burrell to build of the most successful agencies in advertising history.
Christopher Gair
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748619887
- eISBN:
- 9780748671137
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748619887.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter examines the factors leading to the emergence of the counterculture. It focuses on dempgraphic, economic and technological change and offers an overview of the material to follow.
This chapter examines the factors leading to the emergence of the counterculture. It focuses on dempgraphic, economic and technological change and offers an overview of the material to follow.
Graham Harrison
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780719088858
- eISBN:
- 9781781705773
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719088858.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
This chapter focuses on the role of consumption in Africa campaigning. The premise of the chapter is that British nationalism has always been constructed through norms of consumption: what to eat, ...
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This chapter focuses on the role of consumption in Africa campaigning. The premise of the chapter is that British nationalism has always been constructed through norms of consumption: what to eat, what to buy, and what makes a ‘healthy’ nation. One can see this mostr prominently in the connections between consumption and imperial grandeur – encapsulated in the term ‘commodity racism’. Consumer politics has also been reflected in campaign politics. The chapter explores the politics of sugar boycotts as a key example of campaign action and an appeal to British consumer preferences, encapsulated in the imagery of ‘blood sugar’. The chapter finishes with an analysis of the ways in which contemporary Africa campaigning has increasingly relied on the techniques of marketing and branding to ‘sell’ a campaign. This has profound effects on the way Africa is represented which the chapter details by reviewing the websites and advertising of major campaign organisations.Less
This chapter focuses on the role of consumption in Africa campaigning. The premise of the chapter is that British nationalism has always been constructed through norms of consumption: what to eat, what to buy, and what makes a ‘healthy’ nation. One can see this mostr prominently in the connections between consumption and imperial grandeur – encapsulated in the term ‘commodity racism’. Consumer politics has also been reflected in campaign politics. The chapter explores the politics of sugar boycotts as a key example of campaign action and an appeal to British consumer preferences, encapsulated in the imagery of ‘blood sugar’. The chapter finishes with an analysis of the ways in which contemporary Africa campaigning has increasingly relied on the techniques of marketing and branding to ‘sell’ a campaign. This has profound effects on the way Africa is represented which the chapter details by reviewing the websites and advertising of major campaign organisations.
Roberta Wue
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9789888208463
- eISBN:
- 9789888313280
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888208463.003.0003
- Subject:
- Art, Art History
Examines the relationships between Shanghai artists and their public and the establishment of these relationships through Shanghai’s growing mass media outlets. By exploiting the city’s burgeoning ...
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Examines the relationships between Shanghai artists and their public and the establishment of these relationships through Shanghai’s growing mass media outlets. By exploiting the city’s burgeoning newspaper and publishing industries, artists promoted themselves as public figures and marketed themselves, their products and activities; through the mass media, they were able to access audiences on local, national and even international levels. By using newspaper advertising and articles, guide books, popular periodicals and collected writings, this chapter reveals the formation of the art world’s public image, promoted for consumption by an urban audience and mass readership.Less
Examines the relationships between Shanghai artists and their public and the establishment of these relationships through Shanghai’s growing mass media outlets. By exploiting the city’s burgeoning newspaper and publishing industries, artists promoted themselves as public figures and marketed themselves, their products and activities; through the mass media, they were able to access audiences on local, national and even international levels. By using newspaper advertising and articles, guide books, popular periodicals and collected writings, this chapter reveals the formation of the art world’s public image, promoted for consumption by an urban audience and mass readership.
Mike Feintuck and Mike Varney
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748621668
- eISBN:
- 9780748670987
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748621668.003.0005
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
This chapter shifts the focus from predominantly structural regulation of media markets to the activities of the media, and those who regulate them, from the perspective of accountability. It ...
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This chapter shifts the focus from predominantly structural regulation of media markets to the activities of the media, and those who regulate them, from the perspective of accountability. It discusses aspects of accountability; formal power and informal influence; complaints and ‘standards’ in broadcasting; the Press Complaints Commission; and the Advertising Standards Authority.Less
This chapter shifts the focus from predominantly structural regulation of media markets to the activities of the media, and those who regulate them, from the perspective of accountability. It discusses aspects of accountability; formal power and informal influence; complaints and ‘standards’ in broadcasting; the Press Complaints Commission; and the Advertising Standards Authority.
Julian Petley
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748625383
- eISBN:
- 9780748670871
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748625383.003.0002
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This chapter describes in detail the video nasty affair. This started with complaints to the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) and the British Videogram Association (BVA) and members of the ...
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This chapter describes in detail the video nasty affair. This started with complaints to the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) and the British Videogram Association (BVA) and members of the public about the gruesome nature of the advertising for certain cassettes. The British Board of Film Censors (BBFC) and the BVA were establishing a working party to prepare a classification strategy for videos similar to that used in cinemas. Gareth Wardell introduced a Bill under the ten-minute rule ‘to prohibit the rental of video cassettes of adult category to children and young persons’. Graham Bright reviewed the main features of his Bill to the press. It then explores some of the implications of the proposed legislation. Opposition to the media hysteria and the ill-conceived legislation rushed through parliament has been almost non-existent, and the outrage stoked up over ‘video nasties’ is bound to spill over into other areas of expression.Less
This chapter describes in detail the video nasty affair. This started with complaints to the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) and the British Videogram Association (BVA) and members of the public about the gruesome nature of the advertising for certain cassettes. The British Board of Film Censors (BBFC) and the BVA were establishing a working party to prepare a classification strategy for videos similar to that used in cinemas. Gareth Wardell introduced a Bill under the ten-minute rule ‘to prohibit the rental of video cassettes of adult category to children and young persons’. Graham Bright reviewed the main features of his Bill to the press. It then explores some of the implications of the proposed legislation. Opposition to the media hysteria and the ill-conceived legislation rushed through parliament has been almost non-existent, and the outrage stoked up over ‘video nasties’ is bound to spill over into other areas of expression.
James Greenhalgh
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781526114143
- eISBN:
- 9781526136060
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526114143.003.0003
- Subject:
- Architecture, Architectural History
This chapter examines the strategies employed by the local governments of Manchester and Hull to govern the space of their cities in the immediate post-war period by examining policies and projects ...
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This chapter examines the strategies employed by the local governments of Manchester and Hull to govern the space of their cities in the immediate post-war period by examining policies and projects that sought to control the built environment. The techniques of spatial governance local governments deployed ranged from zoning large areas, to prohibiting certain types of business, display or activity and included control of land, buildings and even the air. The chapter argues that in the immediate post-war period local corporations attempted to expand their ability to control their cities in a holistic sense through the application and expansion of national planning legislation. Their aim was the assertion of a long-term, rational approach to the physical development of their cities, but their means were often mundane or small-scale: control of fun-fairs, the regulation of air or advertising as well as the siting of shops were all part of corporations holistic view of the functional city. These attempts were contested by the agencies of the national state, commercial elites and the inhabitants of the cities, illustrating the deeply contested character of modernity in the post-war.Less
This chapter examines the strategies employed by the local governments of Manchester and Hull to govern the space of their cities in the immediate post-war period by examining policies and projects that sought to control the built environment. The techniques of spatial governance local governments deployed ranged from zoning large areas, to prohibiting certain types of business, display or activity and included control of land, buildings and even the air. The chapter argues that in the immediate post-war period local corporations attempted to expand their ability to control their cities in a holistic sense through the application and expansion of national planning legislation. Their aim was the assertion of a long-term, rational approach to the physical development of their cities, but their means were often mundane or small-scale: control of fun-fairs, the regulation of air or advertising as well as the siting of shops were all part of corporations holistic view of the functional city. These attempts were contested by the agencies of the national state, commercial elites and the inhabitants of the cities, illustrating the deeply contested character of modernity in the post-war.
Helena Chance
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781784993009
- eISBN:
- 9781526124043
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781784993009.003.0007
- Subject:
- Architecture, Architectural History
An analysis of the extensive collections of photographs, illustrations, films and ephemera in company archives provides a fresh perspective on the factory gardens and parks. By means of illustrated ...
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An analysis of the extensive collections of photographs, illustrations, films and ephemera in company archives provides a fresh perspective on the factory gardens and parks. By means of illustrated lectures, publications and factory tours, in which the landscapes featured prominently, industrialists presented their enterprises as places of status, community, opportunity, health and hygiene and their products as authentic and modern. The landscapes and their representations defined this utopianist portrayal of working conditions and labour, and motivated myths about the commodities they produced. The advertising and packaging images from the early twentieth century of the companies discussed here are now iconic in the history of marketing and advertising, for it was largely through effective publicity that they became household names.Less
An analysis of the extensive collections of photographs, illustrations, films and ephemera in company archives provides a fresh perspective on the factory gardens and parks. By means of illustrated lectures, publications and factory tours, in which the landscapes featured prominently, industrialists presented their enterprises as places of status, community, opportunity, health and hygiene and their products as authentic and modern. The landscapes and their representations defined this utopianist portrayal of working conditions and labour, and motivated myths about the commodities they produced. The advertising and packaging images from the early twentieth century of the companies discussed here are now iconic in the history of marketing and advertising, for it was largely through effective publicity that they became household names.
Inger L. Stole
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252037122
- eISBN:
- 9780252094231
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252037122.003.0004
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
This chapter looks at the strategizing and planning efforts that went into the Advertising Council. It outlines the Council’s organizational setup and its working relationship with the government’s ...
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This chapter looks at the strategizing and planning efforts that went into the Advertising Council. It outlines the Council’s organizational setup and its working relationship with the government’s Office of War Information (OWI) during its first year of existence. It also presents the Council’s criteria for accepting the government’s domestic information campaigns and how individual campaigns were prepared and implemented in actual advertisements. By providing their services to the government through the Council at no charge, advertisers hoped to impress upon the American people that theirs was a patriotic institution helping the war effort. The chapter concludes with a discourse regarding the advertisers’ victory in the battle to keep advertising a tax-deductible expense for business.Less
This chapter looks at the strategizing and planning efforts that went into the Advertising Council. It outlines the Council’s organizational setup and its working relationship with the government’s Office of War Information (OWI) during its first year of existence. It also presents the Council’s criteria for accepting the government’s domestic information campaigns and how individual campaigns were prepared and implemented in actual advertisements. By providing their services to the government through the Council at no charge, advertisers hoped to impress upon the American people that theirs was a patriotic institution helping the war effort. The chapter concludes with a discourse regarding the advertisers’ victory in the battle to keep advertising a tax-deductible expense for business.
Jesse Matz
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780231164061
- eISBN:
- 9780231543057
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231164061.003.0003
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
Explains impressionism's development into advertising, in the dynamics of attention and distraction through which advertising achieved its modern effectiveness.
Explains impressionism's development into advertising, in the dynamics of attention and distraction through which advertising achieved its modern effectiveness.
Jessica Lake
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780300214222
- eISBN:
- 9780300225303
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300214222.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
This chapter investigates the ways in which late nineteenth century concerns about the unauthorised publication of women’s portraits (in advertising, greeting cards and magazines) led to the legal ...
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This chapter investigates the ways in which late nineteenth century concerns about the unauthorised publication of women’s portraits (in advertising, greeting cards and magazines) led to the legal formulation of a right to privacy in the US. It examines the history of this right within debates concerning the 1888 Bill to Protect Ladies, prior to Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis’ seminal article, and connects claims to a right to privacy to the advent of the New Woman and women’s broader struggle for equal citizenship. It argues that despite its emphasis on ladylike “modesty” and “reserve”, the case of Roberson v Rochester Folding Box (which led to the enactment of the first privacy laws in the United States) can be read as the protest of a courageous young woman against the use of her photograph within advertising that transformed her into an anonymous “pretty” object of mass consumption. This chapter compares her objections to the masculine language of liberty and freedom espoused in Pavesich v New England Life Insurance Co. In most of the early cases, a right to privacy was employed by young women who objected to their images being handled and circulated by others.Less
This chapter investigates the ways in which late nineteenth century concerns about the unauthorised publication of women’s portraits (in advertising, greeting cards and magazines) led to the legal formulation of a right to privacy in the US. It examines the history of this right within debates concerning the 1888 Bill to Protect Ladies, prior to Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis’ seminal article, and connects claims to a right to privacy to the advent of the New Woman and women’s broader struggle for equal citizenship. It argues that despite its emphasis on ladylike “modesty” and “reserve”, the case of Roberson v Rochester Folding Box (which led to the enactment of the first privacy laws in the United States) can be read as the protest of a courageous young woman against the use of her photograph within advertising that transformed her into an anonymous “pretty” object of mass consumption. This chapter compares her objections to the masculine language of liberty and freedom espoused in Pavesich v New England Life Insurance Co. In most of the early cases, a right to privacy was employed by young women who objected to their images being handled and circulated by others.
Jessica Lake
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780300214222
- eISBN:
- 9780300225303
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300214222.003.0005
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
This chapter focuses on the cinematic camera’s recordings of women in urban public space. It examines claims to a right to privacy in relation to early nonfiction film in the form of cinema ...
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This chapter focuses on the cinematic camera’s recordings of women in urban public space. It examines claims to a right to privacy in relation to early nonfiction film in the form of cinema advertising, newsreels and documentaries. The cases discussed are significant for their contribution to the development of privacy law, and to the study of early film history. They offer insights into the discomfort experienced by those caught unknowingly in a motion picture during this period. The plaintiffs (all women) tell vividly of their shock and distress at becoming the object of a mass gaze, with their movements and mannerisms looming larger than life on the big screen. These women fought for restrictions on the practices of early filmmaking, but the cases also reveal the limits of the doctrine of privacy when used in this context. Courts tended to frame the issue in terms of the gendered public/private dichotomy (so entrenched within the law), usually privileging the masculine “public interest” in nonfiction filmmaking (for news, documentary or ethnographic purposes) over a woman’s individual right to privacy.Less
This chapter focuses on the cinematic camera’s recordings of women in urban public space. It examines claims to a right to privacy in relation to early nonfiction film in the form of cinema advertising, newsreels and documentaries. The cases discussed are significant for their contribution to the development of privacy law, and to the study of early film history. They offer insights into the discomfort experienced by those caught unknowingly in a motion picture during this period. The plaintiffs (all women) tell vividly of their shock and distress at becoming the object of a mass gaze, with their movements and mannerisms looming larger than life on the big screen. These women fought for restrictions on the practices of early filmmaking, but the cases also reveal the limits of the doctrine of privacy when used in this context. Courts tended to frame the issue in terms of the gendered public/private dichotomy (so entrenched within the law), usually privileging the masculine “public interest” in nonfiction filmmaking (for news, documentary or ethnographic purposes) over a woman’s individual right to privacy.
