Jeff Loucks and Jessica Sommerville
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780262019279
- eISBN:
- 9780262315029
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262019279.003.0015
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience
What do we pay attention to when we view other people’s actions? How does such attention change over the course of development? In this chapter, we will discuss developmental changes in infants’ ...
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What do we pay attention to when we view other people’s actions? How does such attention change over the course of development? In this chapter, we will discuss developmental changes in infants’ attention during action perception—changes that shift their attention from being initially undifferentiated to being selectively focused. This perceptual tuning process is tied to infants’ development of motor abilities and also supports a functional analysis of other people’s behavior. Importantly, attention during action perception following the tuning is not rigid and fixed, but is instead selective and flexible. These attributes aid in predicting other people’s actions and action outcomes, thereby increasing the power and efficiency of action perception for infants’ broader social-cognitive development.Less
What do we pay attention to when we view other people’s actions? How does such attention change over the course of development? In this chapter, we will discuss developmental changes in infants’ attention during action perception—changes that shift their attention from being initially undifferentiated to being selectively focused. This perceptual tuning process is tied to infants’ development of motor abilities and also supports a functional analysis of other people’s behavior. Importantly, attention during action perception following the tuning is not rigid and fixed, but is instead selective and flexible. These attributes aid in predicting other people’s actions and action outcomes, thereby increasing the power and efficiency of action perception for infants’ broader social-cognitive development.
Dana H. Ballard
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780262028615
- eISBN:
- 9780262323819
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262028615.003.0008
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Research and Theory
Moment to moment cognition, to be effective, requires a balance between managing behaviours chosen for their endogenous reward against the urgencies of exogenous disruptions. Success at this level ...
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Moment to moment cognition, to be effective, requires a balance between managing behaviours chosen for their endogenous reward against the urgencies of exogenous disruptions. Success at this level requires a computational model of an ‘Operating System’ that abstracts the exigencies from both of these sources in a way that allows their values to be adjudicated. A particular way of representing different behaviours is to use independent reinforcement learning modules. This model provides a basis that facilitates such choices. In addition it allows several important operating system problems to be addressed. In formation is acquired via gaze changes, and within the modular format gaze can be directed to satisfy the needs of the module that promises to reduce the most reward-weighted uncertainty. Individuals can be characterized by their weighting different modules differently, and that in turn allows these weights to be recovered from behavioural observations. The weights of new modules can also be learned by observing the total reward when they run in different module groups.Less
Moment to moment cognition, to be effective, requires a balance between managing behaviours chosen for their endogenous reward against the urgencies of exogenous disruptions. Success at this level requires a computational model of an ‘Operating System’ that abstracts the exigencies from both of these sources in a way that allows their values to be adjudicated. A particular way of representing different behaviours is to use independent reinforcement learning modules. This model provides a basis that facilitates such choices. In addition it allows several important operating system problems to be addressed. In formation is acquired via gaze changes, and within the modular format gaze can be directed to satisfy the needs of the module that promises to reduce the most reward-weighted uncertainty. Individuals can be characterized by their weighting different modules differently, and that in turn allows these weights to be recovered from behavioural observations. The weights of new modules can also be learned by observing the total reward when they run in different module groups.
