Gerd-Rainer Horn
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199204496
- eISBN:
- 9780191708145
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199204496.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
This book studies the development of a distinct, progressive variant of Catholicism in 20th century Western Europe. This Left Catholicism served to lay the basis for the subsequent events and ...
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This book studies the development of a distinct, progressive variant of Catholicism in 20th century Western Europe. This Left Catholicism served to lay the basis for the subsequent events and evolutions associated with Vatican II. Initially emerging within the boundaries of Catholic Action, fuelled by the growing power and self‐confidence of the Catholic laity, a series of challenges to received wisdom and an array of novel experiments were launched in various corners of Western Europe. The moment of liberation from Nazi occupation and world war in 1944/45 turned out to be the highpoint of the promising paradigm shifts at the center of this book. Concentrating on interrelated developments in theology, Catholic politics and apostolic social action, most concrete examples are drawn from Italian, French, and Belgian national contexts. This book highlights organisations (e.g. the Jeunesse Ouvrière Chrétienne), social movements (e.g. the worker priests) and intellectual trends (e.g. la nouvelle théologie), at the same time that it demonstrates the pivotal contributions of key individuals, such as the theologians Jacques Maritain and Emmanuel Mounier — or millenarian activist priests, such as Don Zeno Saltini or Don Primo Mazzolari, operating in the epicentre of radical post‐liberation Italy, the Emilia‐Romagna. Based on research in more than twenty archives between Leuven and Rome, this study suggests that first‐wave Western European Left Catholicism served as an inspiration — and constituted a prototype — for subsequent Third World Liberation Theology.Less
This book studies the development of a distinct, progressive variant of Catholicism in 20th century Western Europe. This Left Catholicism served to lay the basis for the subsequent events and evolutions associated with Vatican II. Initially emerging within the boundaries of Catholic Action, fuelled by the growing power and self‐confidence of the Catholic laity, a series of challenges to received wisdom and an array of novel experiments were launched in various corners of Western Europe. The moment of liberation from Nazi occupation and world war in 1944/45 turned out to be the highpoint of the promising paradigm shifts at the center of this book. Concentrating on interrelated developments in theology, Catholic politics and apostolic social action, most concrete examples are drawn from Italian, French, and Belgian national contexts. This book highlights organisations (e.g. the Jeunesse Ouvrière Chrétienne), social movements (e.g. the worker priests) and intellectual trends (e.g. la nouvelle théologie), at the same time that it demonstrates the pivotal contributions of key individuals, such as the theologians Jacques Maritain and Emmanuel Mounier — or millenarian activist priests, such as Don Zeno Saltini or Don Primo Mazzolari, operating in the epicentre of radical post‐liberation Italy, the Emilia‐Romagna. Based on research in more than twenty archives between Leuven and Rome, this study suggests that first‐wave Western European Left Catholicism served as an inspiration — and constituted a prototype — for subsequent Third World Liberation Theology.
Jack Hayward
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199216314
- eISBN:
- 9780191712265
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199216314.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
The Left/Right bipolarization oversimplifies fractionalized schisms often prompted by personal ambitions disguised as ideological dissensions. The extreme Right was exemplified by the Action ...
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The Left/Right bipolarization oversimplifies fractionalized schisms often prompted by personal ambitions disguised as ideological dissensions. The extreme Right was exemplified by the Action Française and various fascist movements which were active during the Vichy regime. The latter prompted Gaullism's reassertion of heroic nationalism. Catholic parties competed for control of the right-centre with liberal conservatism. A populist extreme Right re-emerged in Le Pen's National Front.Less
The Left/Right bipolarization oversimplifies fractionalized schisms often prompted by personal ambitions disguised as ideological dissensions. The extreme Right was exemplified by the Action Française and various fascist movements which were active during the Vichy regime. The latter prompted Gaullism's reassertion of heroic nationalism. Catholic parties competed for control of the right-centre with liberal conservatism. A populist extreme Right re-emerged in Le Pen's National Front.
Trine P. Larsen and Peter Taylor-Gooby
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199267262
- eISBN:
- 9780191602023
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019926726X.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
New social risks are at the forefront of the EU's social policy agenda. In part, this is because a new social risk approach fits with open market policies, which stress constraints on state ...
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New social risks are at the forefront of the EU's social policy agenda. In part, this is because a new social risk approach fits with open market policies, which stress constraints on state interventions and the importance of adapting social provision to meet economic goals; in part because old social risk areas are so heavily occupied by existing national government policies that it is difficult to find support for innovations. During the 1980s and 1990s, a number of attempts to develop international policy harmonization were pursued. These failed due to the difficulty of achieving cross‐national consensus. There are a number of relevant directives, chiefly in the areas of equality of opportunity for men and women and other labour market issues. The most important current developments, however, are in the area of ‘soft law’ through the Open Method of Co‐ordination and the National Action Plans in relation to employment, social exclusion, pensions, health and social care. The European Employment Strategy, with its stress on ‘flexicurity’, is the most advanced of these. It is at present unclear to what extent this process will achieve substantial changes in comparison with the importance of the economic pressures from the Single European Market.Less
New social risks are at the forefront of the EU's social policy agenda. In part, this is because a new social risk approach fits with open market policies, which stress constraints on state interventions and the importance of adapting social provision to meet economic goals; in part because old social risk areas are so heavily occupied by existing national government policies that it is difficult to find support for innovations. During the 1980s and 1990s, a number of attempts to develop international policy harmonization were pursued. These failed due to the difficulty of achieving cross‐national consensus. There are a number of relevant directives, chiefly in the areas of equality of opportunity for men and women and other labour market issues. The most important current developments, however, are in the area of ‘soft law’ through the Open Method of Co‐ordination and the National Action Plans in relation to employment, social exclusion, pensions, health and social care. The European Employment Strategy, with its stress on ‘flexicurity’, is the most advanced of these. It is at present unclear to what extent this process will achieve substantial changes in comparison with the importance of the economic pressures from the Single European Market.
Gerd‐Rainer Horn
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199204496
- eISBN:
- 9780191708145
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199204496.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
This chapter points to the crucial role played by Catholic Action in the fashioning of progressive European Catholicism. In the process of attempting to win back lapsed Catholics, whose numbers had ...
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This chapter points to the crucial role played by Catholic Action in the fashioning of progressive European Catholicism. In the process of attempting to win back lapsed Catholics, whose numbers had swelled in rough proportion to industrialization, innovative methods were applied by ‘specialised Catholic Action’ to regain rapid access to secularized working class communities. However, Joseph Cardijn's stress on the self‐organisation of Catholic working class youth organizations engendered an unintended dynamic. Organisations such as the Jeunesse Ouvrière Chrétienne instilled a growing sense of self‐empowerment within their membership and occasionally facilitated a political radicalization which far outpaced the missionary motivations which lay at the origins of Catholic Action. The rise of Catholic Action in the age of Mussolini and Pius XI is seen as a consequence of the growing power of the laity within the Catholic Church.Less
This chapter points to the crucial role played by Catholic Action in the fashioning of progressive European Catholicism. In the process of attempting to win back lapsed Catholics, whose numbers had swelled in rough proportion to industrialization, innovative methods were applied by ‘specialised Catholic Action’ to regain rapid access to secularized working class communities. However, Joseph Cardijn's stress on the self‐organisation of Catholic working class youth organizations engendered an unintended dynamic. Organisations such as the Jeunesse Ouvrière Chrétienne instilled a growing sense of self‐empowerment within their membership and occasionally facilitated a political radicalization which far outpaced the missionary motivations which lay at the origins of Catholic Action. The rise of Catholic Action in the age of Mussolini and Pius XI is seen as a consequence of the growing power of the laity within the Catholic Church.
Steve Bruce
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199281022
- eISBN:
- 9780191712760
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199281022.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
From 1945, Paisley was involved in a variety of right-wing and evangelical ginger groups that pestered the governing Ulster Unionist party. In the 1960s, Paisley led the challenges to the timid ...
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From 1945, Paisley was involved in a variety of right-wing and evangelical ginger groups that pestered the governing Ulster Unionist party. In the 1960s, Paisley led the challenges to the timid reforms proposed by Prime Minister Terence O'Neill, and in 1969 he won his first parliamentary seat.Less
From 1945, Paisley was involved in a variety of right-wing and evangelical ginger groups that pestered the governing Ulster Unionist party. In the 1960s, Paisley led the challenges to the timid reforms proposed by Prime Minister Terence O'Neill, and in 1969 he won his first parliamentary seat.
Kamal Fahmi
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9789774160639
- eISBN:
- 9781617971020
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774160639.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
Street children—abandoned or runaway children living on their own—can be found in cities all over the world, and their numbers are growing despite numerous international programs aimed at helping ...
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Street children—abandoned or runaway children living on their own—can be found in cities all over the world, and their numbers are growing despite numerous international programs aimed at helping them. All too frequently, these children are viewed solely as victims or deviants to be rescued and rehabilitated. This book draws on eight years of fieldwork with street children in Cairo to portray them in a much different—and empowering—light. The book argues that, far from being mere victims or deviants, these children, in running away from alienating home lives and finding relative freedom in the street, are capable of actively defining their situations in their own terms. They are able to challenge the roles assigned to children, make judgments, and develop a network of niches and resources in a teeming metropolis such as Cairo. It is suggested that social workers and others need to respect the agency the children display in changing their own lives. In addition to collective advocacy with and on behalf of street children, social workers should empower them by encouraging their voluntary participation in non-formal educational activities.Less
Street children—abandoned or runaway children living on their own—can be found in cities all over the world, and their numbers are growing despite numerous international programs aimed at helping them. All too frequently, these children are viewed solely as victims or deviants to be rescued and rehabilitated. This book draws on eight years of fieldwork with street children in Cairo to portray them in a much different—and empowering—light. The book argues that, far from being mere victims or deviants, these children, in running away from alienating home lives and finding relative freedom in the street, are capable of actively defining their situations in their own terms. They are able to challenge the roles assigned to children, make judgments, and develop a network of niches and resources in a teeming metropolis such as Cairo. It is suggested that social workers and others need to respect the agency the children display in changing their own lives. In addition to collective advocacy with and on behalf of street children, social workers should empower them by encouraging their voluntary participation in non-formal educational activities.
J. Scott Carter and Cameron Lippard
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781529201116
- eISBN:
- 9781529201161
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781529201116.001.0001
- Subject:
- Education, Educational Policy and Politics
In the light of high-profile Supreme Court cases surrounding affirmative action, this book looks at the actors involved in the debate and what they are saying. That is, the book looks at who is ...
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In the light of high-profile Supreme Court cases surrounding affirmative action, this book looks at the actors involved in the debate and what they are saying. That is, the book looks at who is setting the line of discussion in the Supreme Court by look at legal documents arguing for and against the case as well as the framing techniques they use to make their arguments noteworthy. Findings demonstrate that while supporters are made of a heterogeneous array of individuals and groups with a stake in affirmative action in higher education (e.g., students, professors, etc.), opponents are mainly represented by think tanks and other interest groups. Furthermore, this book finds that frames vary greatly between the groups, with supporters raising concern of what eliminating the policy will mean for minority students and opponents conversely arguing that such a policy is dangerous for our society and for those who merit inclusion into elite universities would not benefit from affirmative action. This book uses prominent sociological theories to put these arguments in broader contexts.Less
In the light of high-profile Supreme Court cases surrounding affirmative action, this book looks at the actors involved in the debate and what they are saying. That is, the book looks at who is setting the line of discussion in the Supreme Court by look at legal documents arguing for and against the case as well as the framing techniques they use to make their arguments noteworthy. Findings demonstrate that while supporters are made of a heterogeneous array of individuals and groups with a stake in affirmative action in higher education (e.g., students, professors, etc.), opponents are mainly represented by think tanks and other interest groups. Furthermore, this book finds that frames vary greatly between the groups, with supporters raising concern of what eliminating the policy will mean for minority students and opponents conversely arguing that such a policy is dangerous for our society and for those who merit inclusion into elite universities would not benefit from affirmative action. This book uses prominent sociological theories to put these arguments in broader contexts.
Nancy Whittier
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195325102
- eISBN:
- 9780199869350
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195325102.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter recounts the rise of single‐issue self‐help groups during the 1980s, showing how they both reflected and transformed the approach of their forebears and helped to popularize a modified ...
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This chapter recounts the rise of single‐issue self‐help groups during the 1980s, showing how they both reflected and transformed the approach of their forebears and helped to popularize a modified analysis of child sexual abuse as widespread, but not as a result of gender inequality. These groups included men as well as women, defined sexual abuse in gender‐neutral terms, and focused on promoting self‐help. They advocated for survivors' issues and increased visibility, but eschewed other political issues. They were an important force in making the issue visible in mainstream culture.Less
This chapter recounts the rise of single‐issue self‐help groups during the 1980s, showing how they both reflected and transformed the approach of their forebears and helped to popularize a modified analysis of child sexual abuse as widespread, but not as a result of gender inequality. These groups included men as well as women, defined sexual abuse in gender‐neutral terms, and focused on promoting self‐help. They advocated for survivors' issues and increased visibility, but eschewed other political issues. They were an important force in making the issue visible in mainstream culture.
Gerd‐Rainer Horn
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199204496
- eISBN:
- 9780191708145
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199204496.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
Whereas the interwar time period saw the most innovative developments within specialised Catholic Action taking place within its working class youth organizations, the closing years of World War Two ...
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Whereas the interwar time period saw the most innovative developments within specialised Catholic Action taking place within its working class youth organizations, the closing years of World War Two and the immediate post‐liberation period witnessed pathbreaking experiences of radicalization above all in its adult working class organizations. The Mouvement Populaire des Familles (MPF) emerged out of concentrated efforts by Catholic social activists to provide much‐needed social services for working class families in the industrial centers of francophone Europe. Employing a variety of often controversial tactics, such as squatting to alleviate the housing crisis, the MPF served as a laboratory and training ground for fearless social movement activists. The MPF promoted experiments in radical united working class action, which on occasion challenged the French Communist Party from the left, side‐by‐side with early explorations of feminist ideals. The MPF eventually helped constitute the French New Left.Less
Whereas the interwar time period saw the most innovative developments within specialised Catholic Action taking place within its working class youth organizations, the closing years of World War Two and the immediate post‐liberation period witnessed pathbreaking experiences of radicalization above all in its adult working class organizations. The Mouvement Populaire des Familles (MPF) emerged out of concentrated efforts by Catholic social activists to provide much‐needed social services for working class families in the industrial centers of francophone Europe. Employing a variety of often controversial tactics, such as squatting to alleviate the housing crisis, the MPF served as a laboratory and training ground for fearless social movement activists. The MPF promoted experiments in radical united working class action, which on occasion challenged the French Communist Party from the left, side‐by‐side with early explorations of feminist ideals. The MPF eventually helped constitute the French New Left.
Eyjólfur Kjalar Emilsson
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199281701
- eISBN:
- 9780191713088
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199281701.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Ancient Philosophy
This chapter deals with the kindred notions of double activity, emanation, and image. It is argued that the notion of double activity is central to all of Plotinus’ thought. It is argued that the ...
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This chapter deals with the kindred notions of double activity, emanation, and image. It is argued that the notion of double activity is central to all of Plotinus’ thought. It is argued that the relationship between a walk and the footprints made by the walk can illuminate the relationship between the internal and the external act: there is only agent and one exertion but it is unclear whether the external act is a ‘lower phase’ of the internal act or a consequence of it that reflects its traits. Finally, it is agued that Plotinus' double act doctrine is by him conceived as an interpretation of central tenets of Plato's metaphysics.Less
This chapter deals with the kindred notions of double activity, emanation, and image. It is argued that the notion of double activity is central to all of Plotinus’ thought. It is argued that the relationship between a walk and the footprints made by the walk can illuminate the relationship between the internal and the external act: there is only agent and one exertion but it is unclear whether the external act is a ‘lower phase’ of the internal act or a consequence of it that reflects its traits. Finally, it is agued that Plotinus' double act doctrine is by him conceived as an interpretation of central tenets of Plato's metaphysics.
Dominic Johnson
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780719091605
- eISBN:
- 9781526141958
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719091605.001.0001
- Subject:
- Art, Visual Culture
Unlimited action concerns the limits imposed upon art and life, and the means by which artists have exposed, refused, or otherwise reshaped the horizon of aesthetics and of the practice of art, by ...
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Unlimited action concerns the limits imposed upon art and life, and the means by which artists have exposed, refused, or otherwise reshaped the horizon of aesthetics and of the practice of art, by way of performance art. It examines the ‘performance of extremity’ as practices at the limits of the histories of performance and art, in performance art’s most fertile and prescient decade, the 1970s. Dominic Johnson recounts and analyses game-changing performance events by six artists: Kerry Trengove, Ulay, Genesis P-Orridge, Anne Bean, the Kipper Kids, and Stephen Cripps. Through close encounters with these six artists and their works, and a broader contextual milieu of artists and works, Johnson articulates a counter-history of actions in a new narrative of performance art in the 1970s, to rethink and rediscover the history of contemporary art and performance.Less
Unlimited action concerns the limits imposed upon art and life, and the means by which artists have exposed, refused, or otherwise reshaped the horizon of aesthetics and of the practice of art, by way of performance art. It examines the ‘performance of extremity’ as practices at the limits of the histories of performance and art, in performance art’s most fertile and prescient decade, the 1970s. Dominic Johnson recounts and analyses game-changing performance events by six artists: Kerry Trengove, Ulay, Genesis P-Orridge, Anne Bean, the Kipper Kids, and Stephen Cripps. Through close encounters with these six artists and their works, and a broader contextual milieu of artists and works, Johnson articulates a counter-history of actions in a new narrative of performance art in the 1970s, to rethink and rediscover the history of contemporary art and performance.
Mallory McDuff
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195379570
- eISBN:
- 9780199869084
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195379570.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter shows how people of faith are reclaiming a ministry of justice with a focus on the environment. Faith communities helped to define environmental justice as a national movement in the ...
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This chapter shows how people of faith are reclaiming a ministry of justice with a focus on the environment. Faith communities helped to define environmental justice as a national movement in the United States. The stories in this chapter highlight the work of the religious environmental organization GreenFaith in New Jersey and its partnerships with the West Harlem Environmental Action Coalition (WE ACT) and congregations such as St. Mary’s Episcopal Church in Harlem. One outreach strategy described in this chapter includes the toxic tours organized by GreenFaith, which aim to increase awareness among people of faith of the inequitable distribution of pollutants in communities. The lessons learned in this chapter include the impact of outreach strategies like toxic tours, the power of prayer and ritual, the potential of partnerships, the position of the church as a first responder to environmental injustice, and the importance of justice as a religious framework.Less
This chapter shows how people of faith are reclaiming a ministry of justice with a focus on the environment. Faith communities helped to define environmental justice as a national movement in the United States. The stories in this chapter highlight the work of the religious environmental organization GreenFaith in New Jersey and its partnerships with the West Harlem Environmental Action Coalition (WE ACT) and congregations such as St. Mary’s Episcopal Church in Harlem. One outreach strategy described in this chapter includes the toxic tours organized by GreenFaith, which aim to increase awareness among people of faith of the inequitable distribution of pollutants in communities. The lessons learned in this chapter include the impact of outreach strategies like toxic tours, the power of prayer and ritual, the potential of partnerships, the position of the church as a first responder to environmental injustice, and the importance of justice as a religious framework.
David W. Macdonald and Claudio Sillero-Zubiri
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198515562
- eISBN:
- 9780191705632
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198515562.003.0023
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter describes the Canid Action Plan, the result of deliberations of the Canid Specialist Group (CSG), one of more than 120 groups of specialists with a taxonomic focus on conservation under ...
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This chapter describes the Canid Action Plan, the result of deliberations of the Canid Specialist Group (CSG), one of more than 120 groups of specialists with a taxonomic focus on conservation under the aegis of the Species Survival Commission (SSC) of the IUCN—the World Conservation Union. The plan includes contributions from more than ninety specialists and has been reviewed by a further eighty. Two interesting topics are explored on the basis of the priorities submitted by these specialists: first, we can gain a sense of the types of knowledge that are judged still to be lacking from the canid conservationist's armory; and, second, we can learn something of the preoccupations and thought processes of the contributing specialists (and perhaps some strengths and weaknesses of the action planning process). Although some proposed projects encompass several topics and some blend into actions, most can readily be assigned to one of ten research themes; these themes are discussed.Less
This chapter describes the Canid Action Plan, the result of deliberations of the Canid Specialist Group (CSG), one of more than 120 groups of specialists with a taxonomic focus on conservation under the aegis of the Species Survival Commission (SSC) of the IUCN—the World Conservation Union. The plan includes contributions from more than ninety specialists and has been reviewed by a further eighty. Two interesting topics are explored on the basis of the priorities submitted by these specialists: first, we can gain a sense of the types of knowledge that are judged still to be lacking from the canid conservationist's armory; and, second, we can learn something of the preoccupations and thought processes of the contributing specialists (and perhaps some strengths and weaknesses of the action planning process). Although some proposed projects encompass several topics and some blend into actions, most can readily be assigned to one of ten research themes; these themes are discussed.
Eliza Filby
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197264829
- eISBN:
- 9780191754036
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264829.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter explores the oppositional role of the voluntary sector in a period of hardship and social unrest, considering the Anglican Church's response to Thatcherism. Despite secularisation and ...
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This chapter explores the oppositional role of the voluntary sector in a period of hardship and social unrest, considering the Anglican Church's response to Thatcherism. Despite secularisation and declining denominational identity, the Church was still a central part of the charitable and welfare sector in the 1980s, when the Thatcher governments championed the role of voluntarism in retraining and work schemes, in an era of mass unemployment. However, its response to Thatcherism was complex and internally divided. Church Action with the Unemployed (CAWTU) was framed in a ‘non-political’, paternalistic way, whereas 1985's Faith in the City report provided a critique of the underlying causes of poverty, articulating an opposition to reactionary social thought that can be traced back to nineteenth-century Christian Socialism.Less
This chapter explores the oppositional role of the voluntary sector in a period of hardship and social unrest, considering the Anglican Church's response to Thatcherism. Despite secularisation and declining denominational identity, the Church was still a central part of the charitable and welfare sector in the 1980s, when the Thatcher governments championed the role of voluntarism in retraining and work schemes, in an era of mass unemployment. However, its response to Thatcherism was complex and internally divided. Church Action with the Unemployed (CAWTU) was framed in a ‘non-political’, paternalistic way, whereas 1985's Faith in the City report provided a critique of the underlying causes of poverty, articulating an opposition to reactionary social thought that can be traced back to nineteenth-century Christian Socialism.
Michael A. Conway
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199552870
- eISBN:
- 9780191731037
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199552870.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
The ressourcement movement owes much of its philosophical foundation to the thought of Maurice Blondel. This chapter discusses the significant points of contact, paying attention to the influence of ...
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The ressourcement movement owes much of its philosophical foundation to the thought of Maurice Blondel. This chapter discusses the significant points of contact, paying attention to the influence of L'Action (1893), the controversy surrounding the method of immanence in the Letter on Apologetics (1896), and the crucial contribution on tradition in History and Dogma (1904). The rise of Social Catholicism and the influential Semaine Sociale de Bordeaux are considered as the setting for Blondel's critique of the integrist (intégrist) mindset under the rubric, monophorism. He assesses, here, a spectrum of concerns that include the relationship between the diverse orders of reality, the connection of the social order to the moral and religious one, and the relationship that pertains between the natural and the supernatural orders. Throughout, Blondel's exchanges with Thomist scholars raised essential issues that, in time, would be central to the work of de Lubac, Congar, von Balthasar, and others.Less
The ressourcement movement owes much of its philosophical foundation to the thought of Maurice Blondel. This chapter discusses the significant points of contact, paying attention to the influence of L'Action (1893), the controversy surrounding the method of immanence in the Letter on Apologetics (1896), and the crucial contribution on tradition in History and Dogma (1904). The rise of Social Catholicism and the influential Semaine Sociale de Bordeaux are considered as the setting for Blondel's critique of the integrist (intégrist) mindset under the rubric, monophorism. He assesses, here, a spectrum of concerns that include the relationship between the diverse orders of reality, the connection of the social order to the moral and religious one, and the relationship that pertains between the natural and the supernatural orders. Throughout, Blondel's exchanges with Thomist scholars raised essential issues that, in time, would be central to the work of de Lubac, Congar, von Balthasar, and others.
Kern Alexander, Rahul Dhumale, and John Eatwell
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195166989
- eISBN:
- 9780199783861
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195166989.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
This chapter examines the theoretical framework of international soft law and how it embraces both legally nonbinding and binding rules and standards of international financial regulation. ...
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This chapter examines the theoretical framework of international soft law and how it embraces both legally nonbinding and binding rules and standards of international financial regulation. International soft law is defined as legally nonbinding standards, principles, and rules that influence and shape state behavior but do not fit into the traditional categories of public international law of legally binding general custom of states and bilateral or multilateral treaties. It is argued that international soft law in its various dimensions can contribute to an understanding of the development of legally relevant international financial norms and how they govern state regulatory practice.Less
This chapter examines the theoretical framework of international soft law and how it embraces both legally nonbinding and binding rules and standards of international financial regulation. International soft law is defined as legally nonbinding standards, principles, and rules that influence and shape state behavior but do not fit into the traditional categories of public international law of legally binding general custom of states and bilateral or multilateral treaties. It is argued that international soft law in its various dimensions can contribute to an understanding of the development of legally relevant international financial norms and how they govern state regulatory practice.
Lee Cronk and Beth L. Leech
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691154954
- eISBN:
- 9781400845484
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691154954.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Comparative and Historical Sociology
This book investigates a wide range of ideas, theories, and existing empirical research relevant to the study of the complex and diverse phenomenon of human cooperation. Issues relating to ...
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This book investigates a wide range of ideas, theories, and existing empirical research relevant to the study of the complex and diverse phenomenon of human cooperation. Issues relating to cooperation are examined from the perspective of evolutionary theory, political science, and related social sciences. The book draws upon two bodies of work: Mancur Olson's The Logic of Collective Action (1965) and George C. Williams's Adaptation and Natural Selection (1966). Olson, an economist, and Williams, an evolutionary biologist, both argued that a focus on groups would not provide a complete understanding of collective action and other social behaviors. This introductory chapter discusses some important definitions relating to cooperation, with particular emphasis on collective action and collective action dilemmas, along with coordination and coordination problems. It also provides an overview of the chapters that follow.Less
This book investigates a wide range of ideas, theories, and existing empirical research relevant to the study of the complex and diverse phenomenon of human cooperation. Issues relating to cooperation are examined from the perspective of evolutionary theory, political science, and related social sciences. The book draws upon two bodies of work: Mancur Olson's The Logic of Collective Action (1965) and George C. Williams's Adaptation and Natural Selection (1966). Olson, an economist, and Williams, an evolutionary biologist, both argued that a focus on groups would not provide a complete understanding of collective action and other social behaviors. This introductory chapter discusses some important definitions relating to cooperation, with particular emphasis on collective action and collective action dilemmas, along with coordination and coordination problems. It also provides an overview of the chapters that follow.
Lee Cronk and Beth L. Leech
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691154954
- eISBN:
- 9781400845484
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691154954.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Comparative and Historical Sociology
This chapter examines Mancur Olson's arguments, which he articulated in The Logic of Collective Action, and compares them with those of his supporters and detractors. It also reviews the social ...
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This chapter examines Mancur Olson's arguments, which he articulated in The Logic of Collective Action, and compares them with those of his supporters and detractors. It also reviews the social science literature on cooperation, focusing primarily on the theoretical and empirical research on collective action that grew out of Olson's challenge. According to Olson, the members of a group have interests in common. His logic was an economic logic, based on the behavior of firms in the marketplace in their quest for profits. Olson extended this logic of the market to human social behavior. The chapter considers Olson's solutions to the problem of free riding and the possibility that no group would ever form, including coercion, small groups, selective benefits, and the by-product theory of public goods provisioning. Finally, it describes some major extensions of and challenges to Olson's path-breaking model.Less
This chapter examines Mancur Olson's arguments, which he articulated in The Logic of Collective Action, and compares them with those of his supporters and detractors. It also reviews the social science literature on cooperation, focusing primarily on the theoretical and empirical research on collective action that grew out of Olson's challenge. According to Olson, the members of a group have interests in common. His logic was an economic logic, based on the behavior of firms in the marketplace in their quest for profits. Olson extended this logic of the market to human social behavior. The chapter considers Olson's solutions to the problem of free riding and the possibility that no group would ever form, including coercion, small groups, selective benefits, and the by-product theory of public goods provisioning. Finally, it describes some major extensions of and challenges to Olson's path-breaking model.
Virginia Garrard‐Burnett
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195379648
- eISBN:
- 9780199869176
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195379648.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Using newly available church and guerrilla records, this chapter first discusses the radicalization of the Catholic Church in Guatemala and the alliances formed by the religious and armed Left. ...
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Using newly available church and guerrilla records, this chapter first discusses the radicalization of the Catholic Church in Guatemala and the alliances formed by the religious and armed Left. Second, it explores the charges that Guatemalan evangelicals were the handmaidens of the Ríos Montt regime. This chapter finds that the binary of radical Catholics and conservative Protestants, though not altogether inaccurate, is also not entirely true, as many Protestants, Pentecostals in particular, interpreted the exigencies of the era in apocalyptic terms, believing the scorched‐earth campaign to be the “time of trials” described in the Book of Revelation. This chapter relies on primary sources from evangelical and Catholic Church archives. In particular, it utilizes newly available sources to explore the development of liberation theology in Guatemala and the radical church’s relationship with the militant indigenous movement, the CUC. The chapter also uses evangelical popular publications, interviews, and church records.Less
Using newly available church and guerrilla records, this chapter first discusses the radicalization of the Catholic Church in Guatemala and the alliances formed by the religious and armed Left. Second, it explores the charges that Guatemalan evangelicals were the handmaidens of the Ríos Montt regime. This chapter finds that the binary of radical Catholics and conservative Protestants, though not altogether inaccurate, is also not entirely true, as many Protestants, Pentecostals in particular, interpreted the exigencies of the era in apocalyptic terms, believing the scorched‐earth campaign to be the “time of trials” described in the Book of Revelation. This chapter relies on primary sources from evangelical and Catholic Church archives. In particular, it utilizes newly available sources to explore the development of liberation theology in Guatemala and the radical church’s relationship with the militant indigenous movement, the CUC. The chapter also uses evangelical popular publications, interviews, and church records.
Paul Robinson
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199250219
- eISBN:
- 9780191719547
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199250219.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter describes the fate of other troops of the Russian Army who left Gallipoli and Lemnos and moved to Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia, and in some cases then moved further west, especially to ...
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This chapter describes the fate of other troops of the Russian Army who left Gallipoli and Lemnos and moved to Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia, and in some cases then moved further west, especially to France. As part of the ‘Action Russe’ programme of the Czech government, several hundred Russian officers entered universities in Czechoslovakia. Here they formed a military organization known as the Gallipoliiskoe Zemliachestvo. In Yugoslavia, Russian soldiers initially worked in groups on road-building and other construction projects, but as these came to an end eventually dispersed in search of employment elsewhere. Also in Yugoslavia, the Russians created three Cadet Corps to educate a future generation of Russian officers. From 1924 onwards, Wrangel's former Chief of Staff, General Shatilov, helped several hundred Russian soldiers move to France and Belgium, where the army established ‘work groups’ to help keep the soldiers' links with the army intact.Less
This chapter describes the fate of other troops of the Russian Army who left Gallipoli and Lemnos and moved to Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia, and in some cases then moved further west, especially to France. As part of the ‘Action Russe’ programme of the Czech government, several hundred Russian officers entered universities in Czechoslovakia. Here they formed a military organization known as the Gallipoliiskoe Zemliachestvo. In Yugoslavia, Russian soldiers initially worked in groups on road-building and other construction projects, but as these came to an end eventually dispersed in search of employment elsewhere. Also in Yugoslavia, the Russians created three Cadet Corps to educate a future generation of Russian officers. From 1924 onwards, Wrangel's former Chief of Staff, General Shatilov, helped several hundred Russian soldiers move to France and Belgium, where the army established ‘work groups’ to help keep the soldiers' links with the army intact.
