Margaret A. Chesney and Thomas J. Coates
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195324273
- eISBN:
- 9780199893966
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195324273.003.0024
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology
This chapter discusses an interdisciplinary research program: The Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS) in San Francisco. CAPS was founded in 1986 with a principal emphasis on primary prevention. ...
More
This chapter discusses an interdisciplinary research program: The Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS) in San Francisco. CAPS was founded in 1986 with a principal emphasis on primary prevention. One of the first findings reported by researchers was that after a diagnosis of HIV seropositive, men either in nonmonogamous relationships or not in a relationship reported substantial reductions in high-risk but not low-risk sexual behaviors. Another early finding was that the use of recreational drugs during sex, the number of drugs used, and the frequency of combining sex and drugs were all positively associated with risky sexual activity.Less
This chapter discusses an interdisciplinary research program: The Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS) in San Francisco. CAPS was founded in 1986 with a principal emphasis on primary prevention. One of the first findings reported by researchers was that after a diagnosis of HIV seropositive, men either in nonmonogamous relationships or not in a relationship reported substantial reductions in high-risk but not low-risk sexual behaviors. Another early finding was that the use of recreational drugs during sex, the number of drugs used, and the frequency of combining sex and drugs were all positively associated with risky sexual activity.
David Eaton
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520252233
- eISBN:
- 9780520941021
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520252233.003.0009
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Medical Anthropology
This chapter examines the AIDS epidemic and the concomitant political and financial crises in the Republic of Congo. It describes the postcolonial, postsocialist Republic of Congo prior to the 1997 ...
More
This chapter examines the AIDS epidemic and the concomitant political and financial crises in the Republic of Congo. It describes the postcolonial, postsocialist Republic of Congo prior to the 1997 civil war, where borderland was as much metaphoric and situational as geographic and postcolonial, and where the treatment of AIDS patients was virtually impossible. The chapter discusses local ways of managing and curtailing speech about and knowledge of AIDS, and the politics of international health interventions.Less
This chapter examines the AIDS epidemic and the concomitant political and financial crises in the Republic of Congo. It describes the postcolonial, postsocialist Republic of Congo prior to the 1997 civil war, where borderland was as much metaphoric and situational as geographic and postcolonial, and where the treatment of AIDS patients was virtually impossible. The chapter discusses local ways of managing and curtailing speech about and knowledge of AIDS, and the politics of international health interventions.
Didier Fassin
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520244672
- eISBN:
- 9780520940451
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520244672.003.0002
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Medical Anthropology
Significant attention has been devoted, locally and internationally, to issues raised by South Africa over HIV and AIDS. Politics has taken center stage in the South African response to the AIDS ...
More
Significant attention has been devoted, locally and internationally, to issues raised by South Africa over HIV and AIDS. Politics has taken center stage in the South African response to the AIDS epidemic with the publication of the open letter from President Mbeki. The letter states that whatever lessons may be drawn from the West about the issue of HIV/AIDS, a simple superimposition of the Western experience on African reality is absurd and illogical. An ambitious program to fight AIDS combining information programs, distribution of condoms, treatment of venereal diseases, and campaigns to stop discrimination against patients was launched. The budget initially allocated to AIDS programs amounted to only 20 million rands, but it was announced that it would soon be multiplied by five to include the international aid from the European Union and USAID. It was declared on World AIDS Day, December 1, 1997, Odi stadium, Mabopane, that dying patients willing to take responsibility for their actions should not be prevented from using the still-unapproved Virodene drug.Less
Significant attention has been devoted, locally and internationally, to issues raised by South Africa over HIV and AIDS. Politics has taken center stage in the South African response to the AIDS epidemic with the publication of the open letter from President Mbeki. The letter states that whatever lessons may be drawn from the West about the issue of HIV/AIDS, a simple superimposition of the Western experience on African reality is absurd and illogical. An ambitious program to fight AIDS combining information programs, distribution of condoms, treatment of venereal diseases, and campaigns to stop discrimination against patients was launched. The budget initially allocated to AIDS programs amounted to only 20 million rands, but it was announced that it would soon be multiplied by five to include the international aid from the European Union and USAID. It was declared on World AIDS Day, December 1, 1997, Odi stadium, Mabopane, that dying patients willing to take responsibility for their actions should not be prevented from using the still-unapproved Virodene drug.
Gerald M. Oppenheimer and Ronald Bayer
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195307306
- eISBN:
- 9780199863976
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195307306.003.0002
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter deals with the epidemic takeoff of HIV infection in the Black population in the 1990s, a period marked by the transition from Apartheid to a new democratic South Africa and the ...
More
This chapter deals with the epidemic takeoff of HIV infection in the Black population in the 1990s, a period marked by the transition from Apartheid to a new democratic South Africa and the presidency of Nelson Mandela. Doctors and nurses recall their first cases, the suffering they witnessed, and the deaths they attended. The chapter details the response of medical institutions to the mounting tide of AIDS. As black, white, and Indian doctors and nurses became increasingly alarmed by, but committed to, the care of desperately sick people with HIV, they encountered indifference, if not outright resistance, from colleagues and administrators. Many with clinical responsibilities rejected AIDS patients, being both fearful of infection and wrongly believing that therapeutic measures were useless.Less
This chapter deals with the epidemic takeoff of HIV infection in the Black population in the 1990s, a period marked by the transition from Apartheid to a new democratic South Africa and the presidency of Nelson Mandela. Doctors and nurses recall their first cases, the suffering they witnessed, and the deaths they attended. The chapter details the response of medical institutions to the mounting tide of AIDS. As black, white, and Indian doctors and nurses became increasingly alarmed by, but committed to, the care of desperately sick people with HIV, they encountered indifference, if not outright resistance, from colleagues and administrators. Many with clinical responsibilities rejected AIDS patients, being both fearful of infection and wrongly believing that therapeutic measures were useless.
Didier Fassin
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520244672
- eISBN:
- 9780520940451
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520244672.003.0004
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Medical Anthropology
The studies carried out on AIDS in South Africa generally testify to a remarkable presentism. The controversies surrounding AIDS create a privileged framework for the expression and recognition of ...
More
The studies carried out on AIDS in South Africa generally testify to a remarkable presentism. The controversies surrounding AIDS create a privileged framework for the expression and recognition of the violence and injustice. The AIDS epidemic, through its powerfully elusive epidemiological reality and through the verbal inflation surrounding it, represents the overflow that the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was unable to channel. Contagious diseases in many African cities have led to attempts to set up policies of spatial segregation to protect the European population. The history of epidemics is an integral part of the history of racial segregation in South Africa. The risk of contagion has often been the most effective argument to justify the implementation of legal and physical measures initiating or reinforcing the separation of groups that it would have been more difficult politically to justify by strictly biological criteria. Segregationist policies in public health offer the advantage of being a neutral and technical excuse that can even be presented as beneficial for everybody.Less
The studies carried out on AIDS in South Africa generally testify to a remarkable presentism. The controversies surrounding AIDS create a privileged framework for the expression and recognition of the violence and injustice. The AIDS epidemic, through its powerfully elusive epidemiological reality and through the verbal inflation surrounding it, represents the overflow that the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was unable to channel. Contagious diseases in many African cities have led to attempts to set up policies of spatial segregation to protect the European population. The history of epidemics is an integral part of the history of racial segregation in South Africa. The risk of contagion has often been the most effective argument to justify the implementation of legal and physical measures initiating or reinforcing the separation of groups that it would have been more difficult politically to justify by strictly biological criteria. Segregationist policies in public health offer the advantage of being a neutral and technical excuse that can even be presented as beneficial for everybody.
Gerald M. Oppenheimer and Ronald Bayer
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195307306
- eISBN:
- 9780199863976
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195307306.003.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter traces the emergence of AIDS in white gay men in Cape Town and Johannesburg in the early and mid-1980s, at a time when therapeutic impotence characterized the clinical response to HIV in ...
More
This chapter traces the emergence of AIDS in white gay men in Cape Town and Johannesburg in the early and mid-1980s, at a time when therapeutic impotence characterized the clinical response to HIV in Europe and America. After establishing the social and legal status of homosexuality in South Africa, it introduces a number of physicians, many of whom were themselves gay, who watched with astonishment as their young male patients began to die. Despite the denial of the AIDS epidemic by members of the gay community, the discriminatory restrictions on AIDS treatment put in place by hospitals, the homophobia of the medical profession and the indifference of the state, these few gay doctors struggled to treat their patients and to let them die with dignity. As AIDS appeared in the South African Black population, recollections of this earlier epidemic dimmed and disappeared.Less
This chapter traces the emergence of AIDS in white gay men in Cape Town and Johannesburg in the early and mid-1980s, at a time when therapeutic impotence characterized the clinical response to HIV in Europe and America. After establishing the social and legal status of homosexuality in South Africa, it introduces a number of physicians, many of whom were themselves gay, who watched with astonishment as their young male patients began to die. Despite the denial of the AIDS epidemic by members of the gay community, the discriminatory restrictions on AIDS treatment put in place by hospitals, the homophobia of the medical profession and the indifference of the state, these few gay doctors struggled to treat their patients and to let them die with dignity. As AIDS appeared in the South African Black population, recollections of this earlier epidemic dimmed and disappeared.
Handel Reynolds
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801450938
- eISBN:
- 9780801466007
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450938.003.0005
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter first details the emergence of the AIDS epidemic in the 1980s and the events that galvanized AIDs activism and led to important victories on both the legislative and the scientific ...
More
This chapter first details the emergence of the AIDS epidemic in the 1980s and the events that galvanized AIDs activism and led to important victories on both the legislative and the scientific fronts. It then describes the emergence of the modern breast cancer activist movement during the period from 1987 through 1992. Though it began slowly, it quickly gained steam and became a formidable social and political force in a very short space of time. Taking note of the successes of militant AIDS activism, breast cancer survivors started forming their own organizations and adopted the direct political action model of AIDS activists. It wasn't long, however, before tensions arose between the two activist communities. In 1990, U.S. government research expenditures were $1.1 billion for AIDS and $77 million for breast cancer. Breast cancer activists condemned this funding discrepancy, given that breast cancer had claimed six times as many lives in the past decade as had AIDS.Less
This chapter first details the emergence of the AIDS epidemic in the 1980s and the events that galvanized AIDs activism and led to important victories on both the legislative and the scientific fronts. It then describes the emergence of the modern breast cancer activist movement during the period from 1987 through 1992. Though it began slowly, it quickly gained steam and became a formidable social and political force in a very short space of time. Taking note of the successes of militant AIDS activism, breast cancer survivors started forming their own organizations and adopted the direct political action model of AIDS activists. It wasn't long, however, before tensions arose between the two activist communities. In 1990, U.S. government research expenditures were $1.1 billion for AIDS and $77 million for breast cancer. Breast cancer activists condemned this funding discrepancy, given that breast cancer had claimed six times as many lives in the past decade as had AIDS.
Peter Piot
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231166263
- eISBN:
- 9780231538770
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231166263.003.0002
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter begins with a discussion of the emergence and rapid global spread of AIDS. In 2013, 1.5 million people died of AIDS despite the existence of antiretrovirals. The majority of these deaths ...
More
This chapter begins with a discussion of the emergence and rapid global spread of AIDS. In 2013, 1.5 million people died of AIDS despite the existence of antiretrovirals. The majority of these deaths occurred in sub-Saharan Africa, where AIDS is the leading cause of death in about half the countries. In Europe and the United States twenty-seven thousand people died from AIDS in 2013, most of whom could have been saved if they had had access to early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The remainder of the chapter covers how the number of people infected with HIV is estimated; generalized and concentrated epidemics; the diversification of epidemics; the factors that determine the spread HIV; and the achievements made in the global response to AIDS.Less
This chapter begins with a discussion of the emergence and rapid global spread of AIDS. In 2013, 1.5 million people died of AIDS despite the existence of antiretrovirals. The majority of these deaths occurred in sub-Saharan Africa, where AIDS is the leading cause of death in about half the countries. In Europe and the United States twenty-seven thousand people died from AIDS in 2013, most of whom could have been saved if they had had access to early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The remainder of the chapter covers how the number of people infected with HIV is estimated; generalized and concentrated epidemics; the diversification of epidemics; the factors that determine the spread HIV; and the achievements made in the global response to AIDS.
Allan Bérubé
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807834794
- eISBN:
- 9781469603117
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807877982_berube.12
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Gay and Lesbian Studies
In this essay, Berube writes of the need to grieve and mourn as well as to acknowledge the horrific human cost of the AIDS epidemic. At the same time, he takes strong issue with those who try to ...
More
In this essay, Berube writes of the need to grieve and mourn as well as to acknowledge the horrific human cost of the AIDS epidemic. At the same time, he takes strong issue with those who try to impose meaning on the tragedy. Some of the responses to AIDS, Berube argues, continued a long historical tradition of scapegoating gay men for their sexual desires. Instead, Berube sees AIDS as “a profound tragedy” and mourns the loss of “our old shelters,” where, through sexual expression, gay men had found warmth, companionship, pleasure, and community. “Caught in the Storm” is the first of several long essays that Berube composed in which he mined his personal experience for broader insights into both the past and the present. Berube published it in Out/Look, a Bay Area publication with a national reach that was founded in 1988, just as the AIDS epidemic was leading to a revival of radical critiques of American society and more militant gay activism.Less
In this essay, Berube writes of the need to grieve and mourn as well as to acknowledge the horrific human cost of the AIDS epidemic. At the same time, he takes strong issue with those who try to impose meaning on the tragedy. Some of the responses to AIDS, Berube argues, continued a long historical tradition of scapegoating gay men for their sexual desires. Instead, Berube sees AIDS as “a profound tragedy” and mourns the loss of “our old shelters,” where, through sexual expression, gay men had found warmth, companionship, pleasure, and community. “Caught in the Storm” is the first of several long essays that Berube composed in which he mined his personal experience for broader insights into both the past and the present. Berube published it in Out/Look, a Bay Area publication with a national reach that was founded in 1988, just as the AIDS epidemic was leading to a revival of radical critiques of American society and more militant gay activism.
Richard Eves and Leslie Butt
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824831936
- eISBN:
- 9780824869229
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824831936.003.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Pacific Studies
This introductory chapter argues that HIV/AIDS is not simply a biomedical phenomenon but a complex biosocial occurrence. Much as other incoming trends, beliefs, and practices are reshaped within ...
More
This introductory chapter argues that HIV/AIDS is not simply a biomedical phenomenon but a complex biosocial occurrence. Much as other incoming trends, beliefs, and practices are reshaped within different cultures, diseases are also changed when they appear in different cultures. As such, it is important to analyze how AIDS is understood, accounted for, acted upon, and experienced in localized contexts. Since the AIDS epidemic is in relatively early stages in Melanesia, most of the accounts in this book are of cultural understandings built on incoming information of various kinds, from official to rumor, rather than on direct experience. Although the presence of AIDS has been felt in the Pacific since 1982, it is only now, when the epidemics there are starting to get out of control, that the issue is being taken seriously and research has begun to increase.Less
This introductory chapter argues that HIV/AIDS is not simply a biomedical phenomenon but a complex biosocial occurrence. Much as other incoming trends, beliefs, and practices are reshaped within different cultures, diseases are also changed when they appear in different cultures. As such, it is important to analyze how AIDS is understood, accounted for, acted upon, and experienced in localized contexts. Since the AIDS epidemic is in relatively early stages in Melanesia, most of the accounts in this book are of cultural understandings built on incoming information of various kinds, from official to rumor, rather than on direct experience. Although the presence of AIDS has been felt in the Pacific since 1982, it is only now, when the epidemics there are starting to get out of control, that the issue is being taken seriously and research has begun to increase.
Nicole Haley
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824831936
- eISBN:
- 9780824869229
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824831936.003.0002
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Pacific Studies
This chapter examines how the AIDS epidemic is being experienced, interpreted, understood, and confronted in Lake Kopiago in the far northwestern corner of Southern Highlands Province. There, AIDS ...
More
This chapter examines how the AIDS epidemic is being experienced, interpreted, understood, and confronted in Lake Kopiago in the far northwestern corner of Southern Highlands Province. There, AIDS deaths are being attributed to the agency of witches, giving rise to heightened concerns about witchcraft more generally, and are being viewed and talked about as symptomatic of the world's end. Indeed, for the Duna speakers of Lake Kopiago, the AIDS epidemic is unfolding within a cosmology that gives priority to notions of entropic decline by paying particular attention to instances of social, moral, and environmental degradation. The chapter also assesses some assumptions being made about HIV/AIDS.Less
This chapter examines how the AIDS epidemic is being experienced, interpreted, understood, and confronted in Lake Kopiago in the far northwestern corner of Southern Highlands Province. There, AIDS deaths are being attributed to the agency of witches, giving rise to heightened concerns about witchcraft more generally, and are being viewed and talked about as symptomatic of the world's end. Indeed, for the Duna speakers of Lake Kopiago, the AIDS epidemic is unfolding within a cosmology that gives priority to notions of entropic decline by paying particular attention to instances of social, moral, and environmental degradation. The chapter also assesses some assumptions being made about HIV/AIDS.
Nicoli Nattrass
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231149136
- eISBN:
- 9780231520256
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231149136.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
Since the early days of the AIDS epidemic, many bizarre and dangerous hypotheses have been advanced to explain the origins of the disease. This book explores the social and political factors ...
More
Since the early days of the AIDS epidemic, many bizarre and dangerous hypotheses have been advanced to explain the origins of the disease. This book explores the social and political factors prolonging the erroneous belief that the American government manufactured the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to be used as a biological weapon, as well as the myth's consequences for behavior, especially within African American and black South African communities. Contemporary AIDS denialism, the belief that HIV is harmless and that antiretroviral drugs are the true cause of AIDS, is a more insidious AIDS conspiracy theory. Advocates of this position make a “conspiratorial move” against HIV science by implying its methods cannot be trusted and that untested, alternative therapies are safer than antiretrovirals. These claims are genuinely life-threatening, as tragically demonstrated in South Africa when the delay of antiretroviral treatment resulted in nearly 333,000 AIDS deaths and 180,000 HIV infections—a tragedy of stunning proportions. The book identifies four symbolically powerful figures ensuring the lifespan of AIDS denialism: the hero scientist (dissident scientists who lend credibility to the movement); the cultropreneur (alternative therapists who exploit the conspiratorial move as a marketing mechanism); the living icon (individuals who claim to be living proof of AIDS denialism's legitimacy); and the praise-singer (journalists who broadcast movement messages to the public). It also describes how pro-science activists have fought back by deploying empirical evidence and political credibility to resist AIDS conspiracy theories, which is part of the crucial project to defend evidence-based medicine.Less
Since the early days of the AIDS epidemic, many bizarre and dangerous hypotheses have been advanced to explain the origins of the disease. This book explores the social and political factors prolonging the erroneous belief that the American government manufactured the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to be used as a biological weapon, as well as the myth's consequences for behavior, especially within African American and black South African communities. Contemporary AIDS denialism, the belief that HIV is harmless and that antiretroviral drugs are the true cause of AIDS, is a more insidious AIDS conspiracy theory. Advocates of this position make a “conspiratorial move” against HIV science by implying its methods cannot be trusted and that untested, alternative therapies are safer than antiretrovirals. These claims are genuinely life-threatening, as tragically demonstrated in South Africa when the delay of antiretroviral treatment resulted in nearly 333,000 AIDS deaths and 180,000 HIV infections—a tragedy of stunning proportions. The book identifies four symbolically powerful figures ensuring the lifespan of AIDS denialism: the hero scientist (dissident scientists who lend credibility to the movement); the cultropreneur (alternative therapists who exploit the conspiratorial move as a marketing mechanism); the living icon (individuals who claim to be living proof of AIDS denialism's legitimacy); and the praise-singer (journalists who broadcast movement messages to the public). It also describes how pro-science activists have fought back by deploying empirical evidence and political credibility to resist AIDS conspiracy theories, which is part of the crucial project to defend evidence-based medicine.
Akpovire Oduaran and Choja Oduaran
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847422057
- eISBN:
- 9781447301424
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847422057.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gerontology and Ageing
This chapter focuses on the analysis of the role of grandparents in ageing Sub-Saharan Africa. It observes that Africa is beginning to re-discover and apply what had worked in the past in terms of ...
More
This chapter focuses on the analysis of the role of grandparents in ageing Sub-Saharan Africa. It observes that Africa is beginning to re-discover and apply what had worked in the past in terms of building tacit intergenerational relationships in an era of globalisation. It focuses on emerging patterns of distorted family relations and their coping strategies with the ‘missing generation’ in the middle as a result of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. It focuses mainly on introducing new trends in grandparenting, while the pandemic is decimating the region's human capital.Less
This chapter focuses on the analysis of the role of grandparents in ageing Sub-Saharan Africa. It observes that Africa is beginning to re-discover and apply what had worked in the past in terms of building tacit intergenerational relationships in an era of globalisation. It focuses on emerging patterns of distorted family relations and their coping strategies with the ‘missing generation’ in the middle as a result of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. It focuses mainly on introducing new trends in grandparenting, while the pandemic is decimating the region's human capital.
Peter Piot
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231166263
- eISBN:
- 9780231538770
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231166263.003.0003
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter begins with a discussion of the severe AIDS epidemic in Southern Africa. The region accounts for over one third of all people living with HIV in the world, and the nine countries with ...
More
This chapter begins with a discussion of the severe AIDS epidemic in Southern Africa. The region accounts for over one third of all people living with HIV in the world, and the nine countries with the highest prevalence in the world are in Southern Africa. Given these sobering statistics, as well as a continued high spread of HIV, the situation can be characterized as “hyperendemic.” The remainder of the chapter covers the vulnerability of women to HIV in Southern Africa; the drivers of hyperendemic HIV; the impact of apartheid and its ramifications on current sexual behavior, and hence the spread of HIV; the role of government policy in curbing HIV infection and death; and progress in the AIDS response in Southern Africa.Less
This chapter begins with a discussion of the severe AIDS epidemic in Southern Africa. The region accounts for over one third of all people living with HIV in the world, and the nine countries with the highest prevalence in the world are in Southern Africa. Given these sobering statistics, as well as a continued high spread of HIV, the situation can be characterized as “hyperendemic.” The remainder of the chapter covers the vulnerability of women to HIV in Southern Africa; the drivers of hyperendemic HIV; the impact of apartheid and its ramifications on current sexual behavior, and hence the spread of HIV; the role of government policy in curbing HIV infection and death; and progress in the AIDS response in Southern Africa.
Richard Eves
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824831936
- eISBN:
- 9780824869229
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824831936.003.0012
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Pacific Studies
This chapter discusses how new forms of Christianity have become a major influence on how the Lelet of central New Ireland comprehends HIV/AIDS. The cultural resources drawn on by the Lelet in making ...
More
This chapter discusses how new forms of Christianity have become a major influence on how the Lelet of central New Ireland comprehends HIV/AIDS. The cultural resources drawn on by the Lelet in making sense of the AIDS epidemic come from their own indigenous culture and also from their long history of contact with Western social forms, ideas, and practices, dating from early in the twentieth century. Thus, they have a long acquaintance with the beliefs and practices of biomedicine, which was introduced in the early days by missionaries. However, having been caught up in the recent wave of charismatic and Pentecostal evangelism, many Lelet now believe that God has the power to heal all afflictions, regardless of their cause.Less
This chapter discusses how new forms of Christianity have become a major influence on how the Lelet of central New Ireland comprehends HIV/AIDS. The cultural resources drawn on by the Lelet in making sense of the AIDS epidemic come from their own indigenous culture and also from their long history of contact with Western social forms, ideas, and practices, dating from early in the twentieth century. Thus, they have a long acquaintance with the beliefs and practices of biomedicine, which was introduced in the early days by missionaries. However, having been caught up in the recent wave of charismatic and Pentecostal evangelism, many Lelet now believe that God has the power to heal all afflictions, regardless of their cause.
Jesus Ramirez-Valles
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252036446
- eISBN:
- 9780252093470
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252036446.003.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
This introductory chapter discusses the importance of studying the role of Latino GBT activists in the AIDS movement in the United States. Scholars and the general media have overlooked the work and ...
More
This introductory chapter discusses the importance of studying the role of Latino GBT activists in the AIDS movement in the United States. Scholars and the general media have overlooked the work and the voices of Latino GBTs in the AIDS movement, creating a void in the history of the AIDS movement, the social sciences, and public health in the United States. This is troubling because ethnic and sexual minorities are currently more affected by the epidemic than their white counterparts, and because the larger Latino population in the United States is less supportive of civil liberties for homosexuals than for whites and African Americans. Indeed, the absence of Latino GBTs' voices hinders one's understanding of how a group already marginalized because of their ethnicity and skin color confronts adversity, such as the AIDS epidemic.Less
This introductory chapter discusses the importance of studying the role of Latino GBT activists in the AIDS movement in the United States. Scholars and the general media have overlooked the work and the voices of Latino GBTs in the AIDS movement, creating a void in the history of the AIDS movement, the social sciences, and public health in the United States. This is troubling because ethnic and sexual minorities are currently more affected by the epidemic than their white counterparts, and because the larger Latino population in the United States is less supportive of civil liberties for homosexuals than for whites and African Americans. Indeed, the absence of Latino GBTs' voices hinders one's understanding of how a group already marginalized because of their ethnicity and skin color confronts adversity, such as the AIDS epidemic.
Tamar W. Carroll
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469619880
- eISBN:
- 9781469619903
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469619880.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
Examining three interconnected case studies, this book demonstrates the ability of grassroots community activism to bridge racial and cultural differences and effect social change. Drawing on an ...
More
Examining three interconnected case studies, this book demonstrates the ability of grassroots community activism to bridge racial and cultural differences and effect social change. Drawing on an array of oral histories, archival records, newspapers, films, and photographs from post-World War II New York City, the text shows how poor people transformed the antipoverty organization Mobilization for Youth and shaped the subsequent War on Poverty. Highlighting the little-known National Congress of Neighborhood Women, it reveals the significant participation of working-class white ethnic women and women of color in New York City's feminist activism. Finally, the text traces the partnership between the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP) and Women's Health Action Mobilization (WHAM!), showing how gay men and feminists collaborated to create a supportive community for those affected by the AIDS epidemic, to improve health care, and to oppose homophobia and misogyny during the culture wars of the 1980s and 1990s. The book contends that social policies that encourage the political mobilization of marginalized groups and foster coalitions across identity differences are the most effective means of solving social problems and realizing democracy.Less
Examining three interconnected case studies, this book demonstrates the ability of grassroots community activism to bridge racial and cultural differences and effect social change. Drawing on an array of oral histories, archival records, newspapers, films, and photographs from post-World War II New York City, the text shows how poor people transformed the antipoverty organization Mobilization for Youth and shaped the subsequent War on Poverty. Highlighting the little-known National Congress of Neighborhood Women, it reveals the significant participation of working-class white ethnic women and women of color in New York City's feminist activism. Finally, the text traces the partnership between the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP) and Women's Health Action Mobilization (WHAM!), showing how gay men and feminists collaborated to create a supportive community for those affected by the AIDS epidemic, to improve health care, and to oppose homophobia and misogyny during the culture wars of the 1980s and 1990s. The book contends that social policies that encourage the political mobilization of marginalized groups and foster coalitions across identity differences are the most effective means of solving social problems and realizing democracy.
Leslie Butt and Richard Eves (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824831936
- eISBN:
- 9780824869229
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824831936.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Pacific Studies
In Melanesia, rates of HIV infection are among the highest in the Pacific and increasing rapidly, with grave humanitarian, development, and political implications. There is a great need for social ...
More
In Melanesia, rates of HIV infection are among the highest in the Pacific and increasing rapidly, with grave humanitarian, development, and political implications. There is a great need for social research on HIV/AIDS in the region to provide better insights into the sensitive issues surrounding HIV transmission. This collection, the first book on HIV and AIDS in the Pacific region, gathers together original accounts of the often surprising ways that people make sense of the AIDS epidemic in various parts of Melanesia. The book addresses substantive issues concerning AIDS and contemporary sexualities, relations of power, and moralities—themes that provide a powerful backdrop for twenty-first century understandings of the tensions between sexuality, religion, and politics in many parts of the world.Less
In Melanesia, rates of HIV infection are among the highest in the Pacific and increasing rapidly, with grave humanitarian, development, and political implications. There is a great need for social research on HIV/AIDS in the region to provide better insights into the sensitive issues surrounding HIV transmission. This collection, the first book on HIV and AIDS in the Pacific region, gathers together original accounts of the often surprising ways that people make sense of the AIDS epidemic in various parts of Melanesia. The book addresses substantive issues concerning AIDS and contemporary sexualities, relations of power, and moralities—themes that provide a powerful backdrop for twenty-first century understandings of the tensions between sexuality, religion, and politics in many parts of the world.
Jesus Ramirez-Valles
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252036446
- eISBN:
- 9780252093470
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252036446.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
Telling the affecting stories of eighty gay, bisexual, and transgender (GBT) Latino activists and volunteers living in Chicago and San Francisco, this book closely details how these individuals have ...
More
Telling the affecting stories of eighty gay, bisexual, and transgender (GBT) Latino activists and volunteers living in Chicago and San Francisco, this book closely details how these individuals have been touched or transformed by the AIDS epidemic. Weaving together activists' responses to oppression and stigma, their encounters with AIDS, and their experiences as GBTs and Latinos in North America and Latin America, the book explores the intersection of civic involvement with ethnic and sexual identity. Even as activists battle multiple sources of oppression, they are able to restore their sense of family connection and self-esteem through the creation of an alternative space in which community members find value in their relationships with one another. In demonstrating the transformative effects of a nurturing community environment for GBT Latinos affected by the AIDS epidemic, the book illustrates that members find support in one another, as compañeros, in their struggles with homophobia, gender discrimination, racism, poverty, and forced migration.Less
Telling the affecting stories of eighty gay, bisexual, and transgender (GBT) Latino activists and volunteers living in Chicago and San Francisco, this book closely details how these individuals have been touched or transformed by the AIDS epidemic. Weaving together activists' responses to oppression and stigma, their encounters with AIDS, and their experiences as GBTs and Latinos in North America and Latin America, the book explores the intersection of civic involvement with ethnic and sexual identity. Even as activists battle multiple sources of oppression, they are able to restore their sense of family connection and self-esteem through the creation of an alternative space in which community members find value in their relationships with one another. In demonstrating the transformative effects of a nurturing community environment for GBT Latinos affected by the AIDS epidemic, the book illustrates that members find support in one another, as compañeros, in their struggles with homophobia, gender discrimination, racism, poverty, and forced migration.
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781846312137
- eISBN:
- 9781846315244
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846315244.006
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
This chapter examines the question of male agency in post-apartheid South Africa. It argues that fear of the shame brought about by entry into the domain of the speakable and the subject's ...
More
This chapter examines the question of male agency in post-apartheid South Africa. It argues that fear of the shame brought about by entry into the domain of the speakable and the subject's simultaneous bearing witness to her desubjectification offer insights into men's specific, complex vulnerability within the post-apartheid setting. This vulnerability can result either in violence or positive resilience. In order to understand the power of deeper psychological anxieties and wider social structures that promote domination and subordination in contemporary South Africa, the chapter analyses narratives of masculine vulnerability by looking at the constitutional declaration of women's rights and the challenges presented by the phenomenon of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. It also discusses the politics arising from the combination of liberal economic policy, the African Renaissance, and the AIDS denialism of South African President Thabo Mbeki. Finally, the chapter focuses on Phaswane Mpe's 2001 novel Welcome to Our Hillbrow and considers Jacob Zuma, former Deputy President of South Africa, as an explicit representative of a particularly highly profiled image of Zulu masculinity.Less
This chapter examines the question of male agency in post-apartheid South Africa. It argues that fear of the shame brought about by entry into the domain of the speakable and the subject's simultaneous bearing witness to her desubjectification offer insights into men's specific, complex vulnerability within the post-apartheid setting. This vulnerability can result either in violence or positive resilience. In order to understand the power of deeper psychological anxieties and wider social structures that promote domination and subordination in contemporary South Africa, the chapter analyses narratives of masculine vulnerability by looking at the constitutional declaration of women's rights and the challenges presented by the phenomenon of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. It also discusses the politics arising from the combination of liberal economic policy, the African Renaissance, and the AIDS denialism of South African President Thabo Mbeki. Finally, the chapter focuses on Phaswane Mpe's 2001 novel Welcome to Our Hillbrow and considers Jacob Zuma, former Deputy President of South Africa, as an explicit representative of a particularly highly profiled image of Zulu masculinity.
