Janann Sherman
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781617031243
- eISBN:
- 9781617031250
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781617031243.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Aviation pioneer Phoebe Fairgrave Omlie (1902–1975) was once one of the most famous women in America. In the 1930s, her words and photographs were splashed across the front pages of newspapers across ...
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Aviation pioneer Phoebe Fairgrave Omlie (1902–1975) was once one of the most famous women in America. In the 1930s, her words and photographs were splashed across the front pages of newspapers across the nation. The press labeled her “second only to Amelia Earhart among America’s women pilots,” and First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt named her among the “eleven women whose achievements make it safe to say that the world is progressing.” Omlie began her career in the early 1920s, when aviation was unregulated and open to those daring enough to take it on, male or female. She earned the first commercial pilot’s license issued to a woman and became a successful air racer. During the New Deal, she became the first woman to hold an executive position in federal aeronautics. This book presents a thorough biography of Omlie. In 1920, the Des Moines, Iowa, native bought herself a Curtiss JN-4D airplane and began learning how to fly and perform stunts with her future husband, pilot Vernon Omlie. She danced the Charleston on the top wing, hung by her teeth below the plane, and performed parachute jumps in the Phoebe Fairgrave Flying Circus. Using interviews, contemporary newspaper articles, archived radio transcripts, and other archival materials, the book creates a complex portrait of a daring aviator struggling for recognition in the early days of flight and a detailed examination of how American flying changed over the twentieth century.Less
Aviation pioneer Phoebe Fairgrave Omlie (1902–1975) was once one of the most famous women in America. In the 1930s, her words and photographs were splashed across the front pages of newspapers across the nation. The press labeled her “second only to Amelia Earhart among America’s women pilots,” and First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt named her among the “eleven women whose achievements make it safe to say that the world is progressing.” Omlie began her career in the early 1920s, when aviation was unregulated and open to those daring enough to take it on, male or female. She earned the first commercial pilot’s license issued to a woman and became a successful air racer. During the New Deal, she became the first woman to hold an executive position in federal aeronautics. This book presents a thorough biography of Omlie. In 1920, the Des Moines, Iowa, native bought herself a Curtiss JN-4D airplane and began learning how to fly and perform stunts with her future husband, pilot Vernon Omlie. She danced the Charleston on the top wing, hung by her teeth below the plane, and performed parachute jumps in the Phoebe Fairgrave Flying Circus. Using interviews, contemporary newspaper articles, archived radio transcripts, and other archival materials, the book creates a complex portrait of a daring aviator struggling for recognition in the early days of flight and a detailed examination of how American flying changed over the twentieth century.
Ray Zone
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780813136110
- eISBN:
- 9780813141183
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813136110.003.0020
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
The business model of nWave Pictures, a major producer of Large Format 3D and theme park ride films is surveyed. Ben Stassen, CEO of nWave is interviewed about the various business strategies used ...
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The business model of nWave Pictures, a major producer of Large Format 3D and theme park ride films is surveyed. Ben Stassen, CEO of nWave is interviewed about the various business strategies used for production of 3D films.Less
The business model of nWave Pictures, a major producer of Large Format 3D and theme park ride films is surveyed. Ben Stassen, CEO of nWave is interviewed about the various business strategies used for production of 3D films.
Ray Zone
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780813136110
- eISBN:
- 9780813141183
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813136110.003.0012
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
The enduring importance ride films in cinema history and their relationship to 3D movies is examined.
The enduring importance ride films in cinema history and their relationship to 3D movies is examined.
Ned Markosian
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262014090
- eISBN:
- 9780262265799
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014090.003.0101
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
This chapter has two main aims: to propose a new way of characterizing the problem of personal identity and to show that the metaphysical picture that underlies the author’s proposal has important ...
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This chapter has two main aims: to propose a new way of characterizing the problem of personal identity and to show that the metaphysical picture that underlies the author’s proposal has important implications for the 3D-4D debate. The discussion starts by spelling out several of the old ways of characterizing the problem of personal identity and pointing out what is wrong with each of them. Some metaphysical principles concerning property instantiations are also presented. This chapter shows that the author’s proposal avoids the difficulties facing the old ways. If the problem of personal identity is formulated in such a way as the author suggests in his proposal, then each of these problems can be handled fairly easily. Finally, the chapter shows an additional benefit to adopting the author’s proposal, namely, that several other important problems facing anyone who endorses a 3D view of persistence can all be resolved in a relatively straightforward manner.Less
This chapter has two main aims: to propose a new way of characterizing the problem of personal identity and to show that the metaphysical picture that underlies the author’s proposal has important implications for the 3D-4D debate. The discussion starts by spelling out several of the old ways of characterizing the problem of personal identity and pointing out what is wrong with each of them. Some metaphysical principles concerning property instantiations are also presented. This chapter shows that the author’s proposal avoids the difficulties facing the old ways. If the problem of personal identity is formulated in such a way as the author suggests in his proposal, then each of these problems can be handled fairly easily. Finally, the chapter shows an additional benefit to adopting the author’s proposal, namely, that several other important problems facing anyone who endorses a 3D view of persistence can all be resolved in a relatively straightforward manner.
O. Talagrand
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198723844
- eISBN:
- 9780191791185
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198723844.003.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, Geophysics, Atmospheric and Environmental Physics
In this chapter, four-dimensional variational assimilation (4D-VAR) is described in the context of statistical linear estimation, in which it defines the best linear unbiased estimate (BLUE) of the ...
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In this chapter, four-dimensional variational assimilation (4D-VAR) is described in the context of statistical linear estimation, in which it defines the best linear unbiased estimate (BLUE) of the state of the observed system from the available data. It consists in minimizing a scalar objective function that measures the quadratic difference between the estimated state and the data, weighted by the inverse covariance matrix of the data errors. 4D-VAR can be extended heuristically to the case of nonlinear models or observation operators. It is made possible in practice through the use of the adjoint equations, which allow explicit computation of the gradient of the objective function at a non-prohibitive cost. 4D-VAR is used operationally in a number of major meteorological centres, where it has brought significant improvement in the quality of the forecasts. 4D-VAR, together with the ensemble Kalman filter, is one of the two most powerful assimilation methods currently available.Less
In this chapter, four-dimensional variational assimilation (4D-VAR) is described in the context of statistical linear estimation, in which it defines the best linear unbiased estimate (BLUE) of the state of the observed system from the available data. It consists in minimizing a scalar objective function that measures the quadratic difference between the estimated state and the data, weighted by the inverse covariance matrix of the data errors. 4D-VAR can be extended heuristically to the case of nonlinear models or observation operators. It is made possible in practice through the use of the adjoint equations, which allow explicit computation of the gradient of the objective function at a non-prohibitive cost. 4D-VAR is used operationally in a number of major meteorological centres, where it has brought significant improvement in the quality of the forecasts. 4D-VAR, together with the ensemble Kalman filter, is one of the two most powerful assimilation methods currently available.
A. C. Lorenc
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198723844
- eISBN:
- 9780191791185
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198723844.003.0002
- Subject:
- Physics, Geophysics, Atmospheric and Environmental Physics
In this chapter, four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4D-VAR) is discussed in the context of numerical weather prediction (NWP). The analysis step in an NWP data assimilation cycle ...
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In this chapter, four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4D-VAR) is discussed in the context of numerical weather prediction (NWP). The analysis step in an NWP data assimilation cycle combines observations with a background forecast. Plausible models of error distributions involve transforms and statistics to describe the structure of errors at one time, plus a forecast model constraining the time evolution. They allow a Bayesian derivation of equations for the optimal analysis, by minimizing a 4D-Var penalty function using an adjoint model. Difficulties with the deterministic best fit of a nonlinear NWP model are discussed and a statistical approach to 4D-VAR based on the extended Kalman filter is presented. Advanced extensions to 4D-VAR can allow for nonlinearities and non-Gaussian distributions, arising from the physical limits to humidity, and from the possibility of erroneous observations. Ensembles provide useful information about likely background errors, which can be used in hybrid ensemble–variational data assimilation.Less
In this chapter, four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4D-VAR) is discussed in the context of numerical weather prediction (NWP). The analysis step in an NWP data assimilation cycle combines observations with a background forecast. Plausible models of error distributions involve transforms and statistics to describe the structure of errors at one time, plus a forecast model constraining the time evolution. They allow a Bayesian derivation of equations for the optimal analysis, by minimizing a 4D-Var penalty function using an adjoint model. Difficulties with the deterministic best fit of a nonlinear NWP model are discussed and a statistical approach to 4D-VAR based on the extended Kalman filter is presented. Advanced extensions to 4D-VAR can allow for nonlinearities and non-Gaussian distributions, arising from the physical limits to humidity, and from the possibility of erroneous observations. Ensembles provide useful information about likely background errors, which can be used in hybrid ensemble–variational data assimilation.
F. Rabier and M. Fisher
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198723844
- eISBN:
- 9780191791185
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198723844.003.0019
- Subject:
- Physics, Geophysics, Atmospheric and Environmental Physics
This chapter discusses some of the implementation details that are necessary to apply data assimilation in the context of numerical weather prediction (NWP). It is divided into three parts. The first ...
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This chapter discusses some of the implementation details that are necessary to apply data assimilation in the context of numerical weather prediction (NWP). It is divided into three parts. The first part addresses the processing of observations, which includes the transformation of raw data into a form that can be processed by a data assimilation system, quality control, and data thinning. The second part discusses two important aspects of data assimilation for NWP: (i) filtering of the analysis to remove spurious inertia–gravity waves and (ii) methods to handle nonlinearities and non-Gaussian error statistics. The third part discusses the development of parallel algorithms for four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4D-VAR), in order to better exploit the parallel nature of the computers on which it is run and to maintain its status as an important and viable NWP data assimilation algorithm into the foreseeable future.Less
This chapter discusses some of the implementation details that are necessary to apply data assimilation in the context of numerical weather prediction (NWP). It is divided into three parts. The first part addresses the processing of observations, which includes the transformation of raw data into a form that can be processed by a data assimilation system, quality control, and data thinning. The second part discusses two important aspects of data assimilation for NWP: (i) filtering of the analysis to remove spurious inertia–gravity waves and (ii) methods to handle nonlinearities and non-Gaussian error statistics. The third part discusses the development of parallel algorithms for four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4D-VAR), in order to better exploit the parallel nature of the computers on which it is run and to maintain its status as an important and viable NWP data assimilation algorithm into the foreseeable future.
