Hany Besada and Timothy M. Shaw (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781447328537
- eISBN:
- 9781447328551
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447328537.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
Africa’s economies need dynamism to respond to global competition. Strategies are needed that will enhance transformation and socio-economic achievement within the context of the Post-2015 ...
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Africa’s economies need dynamism to respond to global competition. Strategies are needed that will enhance transformation and socio-economic achievement within the context of the Post-2015 development framework. These strategies will include a wide range of development solutions around issues such food and energy security, and enhance service delivery and social inclusion. Africa must secure social and political stability and build effective economic governance and enhance national and regional capacity for successful and sustainable development – creating a society that can deal with questions of agency and political economy for quality service delivery, social inclusion and democratic accountability. Policies must be pro-poor and properly sequenced. New alliances must be crafted at the local and regional levels yet anchored on greater civic participation and voice, corporate social responsibility and accountability of those in public office. Challenges remain for the continent in terms of key reforms; policies and legislations that need to be designed and implemented required for the achieving the basic key goals and targets set out in the Post-2015 Development Agenda. The continent needs to accept its proper share of responsibility in accordance with its human, financial and natural resources as well as capabilities as driven by the five fundamental shifts of the Post-2015 Development Agenda.Less
Africa’s economies need dynamism to respond to global competition. Strategies are needed that will enhance transformation and socio-economic achievement within the context of the Post-2015 development framework. These strategies will include a wide range of development solutions around issues such food and energy security, and enhance service delivery and social inclusion. Africa must secure social and political stability and build effective economic governance and enhance national and regional capacity for successful and sustainable development – creating a society that can deal with questions of agency and political economy for quality service delivery, social inclusion and democratic accountability. Policies must be pro-poor and properly sequenced. New alliances must be crafted at the local and regional levels yet anchored on greater civic participation and voice, corporate social responsibility and accountability of those in public office. Challenges remain for the continent in terms of key reforms; policies and legislations that need to be designed and implemented required for the achieving the basic key goals and targets set out in the Post-2015 Development Agenda. The continent needs to accept its proper share of responsibility in accordance with its human, financial and natural resources as well as capabilities as driven by the five fundamental shifts of the Post-2015 Development Agenda.
Edward Fieldhouse, Jane Green, Geoffrey Evans, Jonathan Mellon, Christopher Prosser, Hermann Schmitt, and Cees van der Eijk
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198800583
- eISBN:
- 9780191840074
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198800583.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
This book offers a novel perspective on British elections, focusing on the importance of increasing electoral volatility in British elections, and the role of electoral shocks in the context of ...
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This book offers a novel perspective on British elections, focusing on the importance of increasing electoral volatility in British elections, and the role of electoral shocks in the context of increasing volatility. It demonstrates how shocks have contributed to the level of electoral volatility, and also which parties have benefited from the ensuing volatility. It follows in the tradition of British Election Study books, providing a comprehensive account of specific election outcomes—the General Elections of 2015 and 2017—and a more general approach to understanding electoral change.We examine five electoral shocks that affected the elections of 2015 and 2017: the rise in EU immigration after 2004, particularly from Eastern Europe; the Global Financial Crisis prior to 2010; the coalition government of the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats between 2010 and 2015; the Scottish Independence Referendum in 2014; and the European Union Referendum in 2016.Our focus on electoral shocks offers an overarching explanation for the volatility in British elections, alongside the long-term trends that have led us to this point. It offers a way to understand the rise and fall of the UK Independence Party (UKIP), Labour’s disappointing 2015 performance and its later unexpected gains, the collapse in support for the Liberal Democrats, the dramatic gains of the Scottish National Party (SNP) in 2015, and the continuing period of tumultuous politics that has followed the EU Referendum and the General Election of 2017. It provides a new way of understanding electoral choice in Britain, and beyond, and a better understanding of the outcomes of recent elections.Less
This book offers a novel perspective on British elections, focusing on the importance of increasing electoral volatility in British elections, and the role of electoral shocks in the context of increasing volatility. It demonstrates how shocks have contributed to the level of electoral volatility, and also which parties have benefited from the ensuing volatility. It follows in the tradition of British Election Study books, providing a comprehensive account of specific election outcomes—the General Elections of 2015 and 2017—and a more general approach to understanding electoral change.We examine five electoral shocks that affected the elections of 2015 and 2017: the rise in EU immigration after 2004, particularly from Eastern Europe; the Global Financial Crisis prior to 2010; the coalition government of the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats between 2010 and 2015; the Scottish Independence Referendum in 2014; and the European Union Referendum in 2016.Our focus on electoral shocks offers an overarching explanation for the volatility in British elections, alongside the long-term trends that have led us to this point. It offers a way to understand the rise and fall of the UK Independence Party (UKIP), Labour’s disappointing 2015 performance and its later unexpected gains, the collapse in support for the Liberal Democrats, the dramatic gains of the Scottish National Party (SNP) in 2015, and the continuing period of tumultuous politics that has followed the EU Referendum and the General Election of 2017. It provides a new way of understanding electoral choice in Britain, and beyond, and a better understanding of the outcomes of recent elections.
Christian de Perthuis and Pierre-André Jouvet
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231171403
- eISBN:
- 9780231540360
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231171403.003.0014
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
One recurrent obstacle to the establishment of a carbon price at national or regional levels stems from the classic problem of “free riders.” The climate is a “planetary common good” whose ...
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One recurrent obstacle to the establishment of a carbon price at national or regional levels stems from the classic problem of “free riders.” The climate is a “planetary common good” whose deterioration risks causing major damage and whose protection requires immediate action. For each actor in isolation, there is no correlation between the level of effort he agrees to make in order to reduce emissions and the benefit he will derive in the form of less damage. The role of economic instruments based on carbon pricing on an international scale is twofold: to encourage a growing number of actors to invest in the production and consumption of low-carbon goods and services; and to use this new environmental value to align the strategic interests of players attracted to individual strategies of climate risk circumvention.Less
One recurrent obstacle to the establishment of a carbon price at national or regional levels stems from the classic problem of “free riders.” The climate is a “planetary common good” whose deterioration risks causing major damage and whose protection requires immediate action. For each actor in isolation, there is no correlation between the level of effort he agrees to make in order to reduce emissions and the benefit he will derive in the form of less damage. The role of economic instruments based on carbon pricing on an international scale is twofold: to encourage a growing number of actors to invest in the production and consumption of low-carbon goods and services; and to use this new environmental value to align the strategic interests of players attracted to individual strategies of climate risk circumvention.
James Wakiaga
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781447328537
- eISBN:
- 9781447328551
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447328537.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
The Chapter analyses the post-Millennium Development Goals policy debate to frame a successor framework that is universally acceptable. It looks at the changing global dynamics since the adoption of ...
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The Chapter analyses the post-Millennium Development Goals policy debate to frame a successor framework that is universally acceptable. It looks at the changing global dynamics since the adoption of the MDGs in 2000 and calls for a paradigm shift and rethinking in approach. The author argues that the task of formulating the post-2015 development framework will need to be balanced by a plethora of other global development initiatives that have taken place over the past few years. The analysis points to an emerging framework that must contend with the dynamics of a fast changing world and why it is essential to build a global policy convergence. The chapter highlights on the Common African Position on the post-2015 agenda and some of the key priority issues to be considered in the post-2015 development agenda.Less
The Chapter analyses the post-Millennium Development Goals policy debate to frame a successor framework that is universally acceptable. It looks at the changing global dynamics since the adoption of the MDGs in 2000 and calls for a paradigm shift and rethinking in approach. The author argues that the task of formulating the post-2015 development framework will need to be balanced by a plethora of other global development initiatives that have taken place over the past few years. The analysis points to an emerging framework that must contend with the dynamics of a fast changing world and why it is essential to build a global policy convergence. The chapter highlights on the Common African Position on the post-2015 agenda and some of the key priority issues to be considered in the post-2015 development agenda.
Andelka M Phillips
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474422598
- eISBN:
- 9781474476485
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474422598.003.0005
- Subject:
- Law, Legal Profession and Ethics
This chapter provides a summary of a review of the wrap contracts of DTC companies providing genetic tests for health purposes. It identifies a number of terms that are problematic from a consumer ...
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This chapter provides a summary of a review of the wrap contracts of DTC companies providing genetic tests for health purposes. It identifies a number of terms that are problematic from a consumer protection standpoint and argues that certain terms commonly included in DTC contracts are liked to be challengeable on the grounds of unfairness under UK law.Less
This chapter provides a summary of a review of the wrap contracts of DTC companies providing genetic tests for health purposes. It identifies a number of terms that are problematic from a consumer protection standpoint and argues that certain terms commonly included in DTC contracts are liked to be challengeable on the grounds of unfairness under UK law.
José Antonio Ocampo (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198785941
- eISBN:
- 9780191827648
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198785941.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
As the world becomes increasingly globalized, the need for governments to continually cooperate structures has become irreversible. This book looks critically at global governance structures in the ...
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As the world becomes increasingly globalized, the need for governments to continually cooperate structures has become irreversible. This book looks critically at global governance structures in the economic and social field in order to understand what has been done and what can be done better. A close look at the United Nations (UN)’s relationship with development cooperation and global public goods, as well as its infrastructure and potential biases, gives a thorough understanding of the current status of the world’s premier global governance structure. Additionally, analyses of official development assistance, multilateral development banks, and infrastructure financing cast a wider net to demonstrate the growing need for global cooperation and development beyond the borders of the UN. These seven chapters by nearly a dozen authors have been written at a pivotal moment in global governance initiatives, when the Post-2015 UN Development Agenda is drawing international development into a new era. As this new agenda shifts the future of global development initiatives and increasingly relies on civil society, non-state actors, and regional and local governments to fulfill the sustainable development goals, how will international cooperation and development institutions be changed? And how can we make sure that these initiatives and institutions are innovating for the better?Less
As the world becomes increasingly globalized, the need for governments to continually cooperate structures has become irreversible. This book looks critically at global governance structures in the economic and social field in order to understand what has been done and what can be done better. A close look at the United Nations (UN)’s relationship with development cooperation and global public goods, as well as its infrastructure and potential biases, gives a thorough understanding of the current status of the world’s premier global governance structure. Additionally, analyses of official development assistance, multilateral development banks, and infrastructure financing cast a wider net to demonstrate the growing need for global cooperation and development beyond the borders of the UN. These seven chapters by nearly a dozen authors have been written at a pivotal moment in global governance initiatives, when the Post-2015 UN Development Agenda is drawing international development into a new era. As this new agenda shifts the future of global development initiatives and increasingly relies on civil society, non-state actors, and regional and local governments to fulfill the sustainable development goals, how will international cooperation and development institutions be changed? And how can we make sure that these initiatives and institutions are innovating for the better?
Christopher Hood and Rozana Himaz
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- June 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198779612
- eISBN:
- 9780191824661
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198779612.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
Contributing to the literature on austerity, this book identifies and compares episodes of ‘fiscal squeeze’ (that is, substantial efforts to cut public spending and/or raise taxes) in the UK over a ...
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Contributing to the literature on austerity, this book identifies and compares episodes of ‘fiscal squeeze’ (that is, substantial efforts to cut public spending and/or raise taxes) in the UK over a century from 1900 to 2015. It looks at how different the politics of fiscal squeeze and austerity is today from what it was a century ago, ways in which fiscal squeeze can reshape the state, leading to new ways of organizing government or providing services, and at how political credit and blame play out in the aftermath of fiscal squeeze. The analysis is both quantitative and qualitative, starting with reported financial outcomes and then looking at the political choices and processes that lie behind those outcomes to identify patterns and puzzles that have not been recognized or explained adequately so far in received theory. Thus the book identifies a long-term shift from deep but short-lived episodes of spending restraint or tax increases in the earlier part of the century towards episodes in which the pain is spread out over a longer period during the latter part of the century. It also identifies a marked reduction of revenue-led squeezes in the last part of the century. Analysing fiscal squeeze both in terms of reported outcomes and a qualitative analysis of loss imposition, political cost to incumbents and state, helps to solve a puzzle in the literature about the electoral effects of austerity and apparently erratic voter ‘punishment’ of governments that impose austerity policies.Less
Contributing to the literature on austerity, this book identifies and compares episodes of ‘fiscal squeeze’ (that is, substantial efforts to cut public spending and/or raise taxes) in the UK over a century from 1900 to 2015. It looks at how different the politics of fiscal squeeze and austerity is today from what it was a century ago, ways in which fiscal squeeze can reshape the state, leading to new ways of organizing government or providing services, and at how political credit and blame play out in the aftermath of fiscal squeeze. The analysis is both quantitative and qualitative, starting with reported financial outcomes and then looking at the political choices and processes that lie behind those outcomes to identify patterns and puzzles that have not been recognized or explained adequately so far in received theory. Thus the book identifies a long-term shift from deep but short-lived episodes of spending restraint or tax increases in the earlier part of the century towards episodes in which the pain is spread out over a longer period during the latter part of the century. It also identifies a marked reduction of revenue-led squeezes in the last part of the century. Analysing fiscal squeeze both in terms of reported outcomes and a qualitative analysis of loss imposition, political cost to incumbents and state, helps to solve a puzzle in the literature about the electoral effects of austerity and apparently erratic voter ‘punishment’ of governments that impose austerity policies.
Mark Hill QC
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- April 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198807568
- eISBN:
- 9780191845475
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198807568.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Legal Profession and Ethics
This fourth edition has been revised and updated to take account of significant changes in the substantive law, specifically: the effects of the Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction and Care of Churches ...
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This fourth edition has been revised and updated to take account of significant changes in the substantive law, specifically: the effects of the Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction and Care of Churches Measure 2017; the overhaul of the procedure in the Consistory Court in consequence of the Faculty Jurisdiction Rules 2015; substantial repeals in the Statute Law (Repeals) Measure 2017 and the new procedure under the Legislative Reform Measure 2017; the effect of the House of Bishops' Declaration on the Ministry of Bishops and Priests concerning provision for traditionalists; and the role of the Independent Reviewer under the Priests (Resolution of Disputes Procedure) Regulations 2014. The book offers commentary, analysis, and various materials. Materials include: the Canons of the Church of England, together with the Measures and Rules (updated to 2018) regulating the faculty jurisdiction and clergy discipline.Less
This fourth edition has been revised and updated to take account of significant changes in the substantive law, specifically: the effects of the Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction and Care of Churches Measure 2017; the overhaul of the procedure in the Consistory Court in consequence of the Faculty Jurisdiction Rules 2015; substantial repeals in the Statute Law (Repeals) Measure 2017 and the new procedure under the Legislative Reform Measure 2017; the effect of the House of Bishops' Declaration on the Ministry of Bishops and Priests concerning provision for traditionalists; and the role of the Independent Reviewer under the Priests (Resolution of Disputes Procedure) Regulations 2014. The book offers commentary, analysis, and various materials. Materials include: the Canons of the Church of England, together with the Measures and Rules (updated to 2018) regulating the faculty jurisdiction and clergy discipline.
Nathalie Lieven
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- October 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198863182
- eISBN:
- 9780191895685
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198863182.003.0006
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This chapter examines the growth and value of interventions in judicial proceedings. It argues the exponential growth in interventions is largely attributable not to the CPR, but the introduction of ...
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This chapter examines the growth and value of interventions in judicial proceedings. It argues the exponential growth in interventions is largely attributable not to the CPR, but the introduction of the Human Rights Act. The decision whether or not to allow an intervention, and then whether to give any weight to its content is wholly discretionary. Interventions are part of a wider trend to an increasingly inquisitorial jurisdiction, beyond the adversarial contest between the parties. Two reasons for the growth in interventions are courts’ willingness to take into account broader policy considerations in judicial review proceedings, and relatedly the willingness of the courts to hear international law and comparative law arguments and place weight on them. The Supreme Court, in particular, has encouraged interventions in recent years, and Baroness Hale has made clear in writing how useful she finds them. Although interveners are now subject to the risk of adverse costs orders under the Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015 for interventions deemed to be unhelpful, to date these provisions do not appear to have been applied, which suggests that that this part of the Government’s efforts to discourage interveners has been unsuccessful.Less
This chapter examines the growth and value of interventions in judicial proceedings. It argues the exponential growth in interventions is largely attributable not to the CPR, but the introduction of the Human Rights Act. The decision whether or not to allow an intervention, and then whether to give any weight to its content is wholly discretionary. Interventions are part of a wider trend to an increasingly inquisitorial jurisdiction, beyond the adversarial contest between the parties. Two reasons for the growth in interventions are courts’ willingness to take into account broader policy considerations in judicial review proceedings, and relatedly the willingness of the courts to hear international law and comparative law arguments and place weight on them. The Supreme Court, in particular, has encouraged interventions in recent years, and Baroness Hale has made clear in writing how useful she finds them. Although interveners are now subject to the risk of adverse costs orders under the Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015 for interventions deemed to be unhelpful, to date these provisions do not appear to have been applied, which suggests that that this part of the Government’s efforts to discourage interveners has been unsuccessful.
Leah McMillan Polonenko and Hany Besada
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781447335702
- eISBN:
- 9781447335740
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447335702.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This book examines the progress, challenges and lessons of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The MDGs were adopted during the 2000 Millennium Summit of the United Nations to address the ...
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This book examines the progress, challenges and lessons of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The MDGs were adopted during the 2000 Millennium Summit of the United Nations to address the various dimensions of poverty such as hunger, disease, and exclusion while promoting gender equality, education and environmental sustainability. The book considers whether the MDGs were effective in transforming the narrative around poverty and its many dimensions through multilateral organisations, identifying what worked and what needs to change in the context of the Post-2015 Development Agenda. It also discusses the changing nature of poverty and inequality as well as the role of state and increasingly non-state actors, including civil society groups, in shaping the debate around accountability, progress and inclusiveness. This chapter provides an overview of the impact of globalisation on the MDGs, criticisms of the MDGs, and the Post-2015 Development Agenda. It also explains the purpose and plan for the book.Less
This book examines the progress, challenges and lessons of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The MDGs were adopted during the 2000 Millennium Summit of the United Nations to address the various dimensions of poverty such as hunger, disease, and exclusion while promoting gender equality, education and environmental sustainability. The book considers whether the MDGs were effective in transforming the narrative around poverty and its many dimensions through multilateral organisations, identifying what worked and what needs to change in the context of the Post-2015 Development Agenda. It also discusses the changing nature of poverty and inequality as well as the role of state and increasingly non-state actors, including civil society groups, in shaping the debate around accountability, progress and inclusiveness. This chapter provides an overview of the impact of globalisation on the MDGs, criticisms of the MDGs, and the Post-2015 Development Agenda. It also explains the purpose and plan for the book.
Clare Lockhart and Sam Vincent
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781447335702
- eISBN:
- 9781447335740
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447335702.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter examines the challenge of ending extreme poverty and attaining the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in fragile and conflict-affected countries by 2030. It first describes the ...
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This chapter examines the challenge of ending extreme poverty and attaining the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in fragile and conflict-affected countries by 2030. It first describes the background context in which fragility and conflict exist before discussing the current state of lessons learned as well as policy agreement and divergence regarding international approaches to peace and security. It then considers the centrality of institutions both as constraints and as foundations to development. It also offers suggestions on what key elements are needed in laying institutional foundations for development in countries emerging from conflict, and how responsibilities for implementing the goals might be assigned in practice. The chapter concludes with an assessment of the impact of the MDGs in fragile and conflict-affected settings, along with the implications of current understandings of conflict and fragility for the objectives of the Post-2015 Development Agenda.Less
This chapter examines the challenge of ending extreme poverty and attaining the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in fragile and conflict-affected countries by 2030. It first describes the background context in which fragility and conflict exist before discussing the current state of lessons learned as well as policy agreement and divergence regarding international approaches to peace and security. It then considers the centrality of institutions both as constraints and as foundations to development. It also offers suggestions on what key elements are needed in laying institutional foundations for development in countries emerging from conflict, and how responsibilities for implementing the goals might be assigned in practice. The chapter concludes with an assessment of the impact of the MDGs in fragile and conflict-affected settings, along with the implications of current understandings of conflict and fragility for the objectives of the Post-2015 Development Agenda.
Saleh Ahmed
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781447335702
- eISBN:
- 9781447335740
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447335702.003.0012
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter examines the developmental challenges faced by Bangladesh during the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and how the country attempted to overcome them. The MDGs ...
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This chapter examines the developmental challenges faced by Bangladesh during the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and how the country attempted to overcome them. The MDGs were conceptualised with the aim of reducing some of the world's major human development challenges by 2015. However, a number of contemporary global challenges, such as economic recession and environmental degradation, made it difficult for some countries to achieve the MDGs by 2015. This was particularly true for the poor and marginalised populations in the Global South. The chapter first provides an overview of the history, achievements and challenges of the MDGs before discussing the challenges within the Bangladesh context, including: a large population, massive poverty, inequality, global environmental changes, weak governance and confrontational politics, politically motivated communal and ethnic violence, weak civil society and unstable economy. It also considers the potential success of the Post-2015 Development Agenda taking into account all future challenges.Less
This chapter examines the developmental challenges faced by Bangladesh during the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and how the country attempted to overcome them. The MDGs were conceptualised with the aim of reducing some of the world's major human development challenges by 2015. However, a number of contemporary global challenges, such as economic recession and environmental degradation, made it difficult for some countries to achieve the MDGs by 2015. This was particularly true for the poor and marginalised populations in the Global South. The chapter first provides an overview of the history, achievements and challenges of the MDGs before discussing the challenges within the Bangladesh context, including: a large population, massive poverty, inequality, global environmental changes, weak governance and confrontational politics, politically motivated communal and ethnic violence, weak civil society and unstable economy. It also considers the potential success of the Post-2015 Development Agenda taking into account all future challenges.
Andrew Sheng
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781447335702
- eISBN:
- 9781447335740
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447335702.003.0017
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter presents an outlook for global development finance and asks whether we have an excess or shortage of available resources for the implementation of the Post-2015 Development Agenda. It ...
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This chapter presents an outlook for global development finance and asks whether we have an excess or shortage of available resources for the implementation of the Post-2015 Development Agenda. It begins with a discussion of current and future sources of development finance, with a focus on both products and institutions, including long-term institutions capable of funding development. Future sources include foreign capital in the form of foreign direct investments (FDI), foreign portfolio investments and foreign aid, as well as the domestic sector. The chapter then reflects on the future of development finance, emphasising three paths: deepening capital markets in emerging market economies (EMEs); meeting the strategic objectives of institutional investors such as pension funds, insurance companies, sovereign wealth funds and Islamic finance; and innovating the financing of investment. The G20 development strategy, the impact of technology on development finance, and implementation issues on financing of climate change are also analysed.Less
This chapter presents an outlook for global development finance and asks whether we have an excess or shortage of available resources for the implementation of the Post-2015 Development Agenda. It begins with a discussion of current and future sources of development finance, with a focus on both products and institutions, including long-term institutions capable of funding development. Future sources include foreign capital in the form of foreign direct investments (FDI), foreign portfolio investments and foreign aid, as well as the domestic sector. The chapter then reflects on the future of development finance, emphasising three paths: deepening capital markets in emerging market economies (EMEs); meeting the strategic objectives of institutional investors such as pension funds, insurance companies, sovereign wealth funds and Islamic finance; and innovating the financing of investment. The G20 development strategy, the impact of technology on development finance, and implementation issues on financing of climate change are also analysed.
Jason McFarlane, Hany Besada, Kathryn Anne Brunton, and Alireza Saniei-Pour
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781447335702
- eISBN:
- 9781447335740
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447335702.003.0018
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This book concludes with some recommendations aimed at ensuring the legacy and success of the Post-2015 Development Agenda. It argues that the Post-2015 Development Agenda needs to address a new and ...
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This book concludes with some recommendations aimed at ensuring the legacy and success of the Post-2015 Development Agenda. It argues that the Post-2015 Development Agenda needs to address a new and more complex set of challenges and emphasises the importance of good governance and institution-building. In conjunction with poverty reduction, the Post-2015 Development Agenda must tackle the growing problem of youth unemployment. It also must take into account the macroeconomic vulnerabilities of developing countries and the role of technology, such as mobile phones, in intermediating global development finance. Furthermore, the Post-2015 Development Agenda must reflect a concerted effort to draw lessons from the positive and negative experiences of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) and apply them to a variety of challenges whose prioritisation differ from country to country. Finally, policymakers need to address predicaments such as the ongoing financial and Eurozone crisis and identify trends that indicate imminent emergencies.Less
This book concludes with some recommendations aimed at ensuring the legacy and success of the Post-2015 Development Agenda. It argues that the Post-2015 Development Agenda needs to address a new and more complex set of challenges and emphasises the importance of good governance and institution-building. In conjunction with poverty reduction, the Post-2015 Development Agenda must tackle the growing problem of youth unemployment. It also must take into account the macroeconomic vulnerabilities of developing countries and the role of technology, such as mobile phones, in intermediating global development finance. Furthermore, the Post-2015 Development Agenda must reflect a concerted effort to draw lessons from the positive and negative experiences of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) and apply them to a variety of challenges whose prioritisation differ from country to country. Finally, policymakers need to address predicaments such as the ongoing financial and Eurozone crisis and identify trends that indicate imminent emergencies.
Candy Gunther Brown
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781469648484
- eISBN:
- 9781469648507
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469648484.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
Chapter 6 interrogates Sedlock v. Baird (2013; 2015), the highest profile state court ruling on public-school yoga. California Superior Court Judge John Meyer found that yoga is “religious” and ...
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Chapter 6 interrogates Sedlock v. Baird (2013; 2015), the highest profile state court ruling on public-school yoga. California Superior Court Judge John Meyer found that yoga is “religious” and Ashtanga yoga is the “cornerstone” of “EUSD yoga,” but because a reasonable child would not perceive EUSD yoga as endorsing or disfavoring religion, the program is constitutional. Meyer’s primary example of how EUSD removed “religious, mystical, or spiritual trappings” is that EUSD relabeled Lotus as “criss-cross applesauce” (though it did not). An appellate court found that Hinduism is a “religion” and expressed “little doubt” that public-school Ashtanga yoga is unconstitutional—but determined that EUSD yoga is not Ashtanga yoga because EUSD subtracted Sanskrit and cultural references. This chapter explains how, for financial, conceptual, and procedural reasons, evidence crucial to understanding EUSD yoga was deemed irrelevant, lacking credibility, or inadmissible. Sedlock turned legal precedent on its head—concluding that schools may encourage children to perform religious practices if schools do not teach about the history and context of religious beliefs. The chapter argues that Sedlock illustrates how legal precedent built upon an incomplete documentary record and narrowly doctrinal understanding of religion may, ironically, make religious practice more acceptable in the public square.Less
Chapter 6 interrogates Sedlock v. Baird (2013; 2015), the highest profile state court ruling on public-school yoga. California Superior Court Judge John Meyer found that yoga is “religious” and Ashtanga yoga is the “cornerstone” of “EUSD yoga,” but because a reasonable child would not perceive EUSD yoga as endorsing or disfavoring religion, the program is constitutional. Meyer’s primary example of how EUSD removed “religious, mystical, or spiritual trappings” is that EUSD relabeled Lotus as “criss-cross applesauce” (though it did not). An appellate court found that Hinduism is a “religion” and expressed “little doubt” that public-school Ashtanga yoga is unconstitutional—but determined that EUSD yoga is not Ashtanga yoga because EUSD subtracted Sanskrit and cultural references. This chapter explains how, for financial, conceptual, and procedural reasons, evidence crucial to understanding EUSD yoga was deemed irrelevant, lacking credibility, or inadmissible. Sedlock turned legal precedent on its head—concluding that schools may encourage children to perform religious practices if schools do not teach about the history and context of religious beliefs. The chapter argues that Sedlock illustrates how legal precedent built upon an incomplete documentary record and narrowly doctrinal understanding of religion may, ironically, make religious practice more acceptable in the public square.
David Rowe (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781526131058
- eISBN:
- 9781526138873
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526131058.003.0009
- Subject:
- Sociology, Sport and Leisure
As a settler-colonial nation in the southern hemisphere, Australia’s geo-political positioning is consistently questioned. Australia’s relationship with Asia has become especially significant ...
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As a settler-colonial nation in the southern hemisphere, Australia’s geo-political positioning is consistently questioned. Australia’s relationship with Asia has become especially significant following substantial levels of Asian migration since the Vietnam War, and the increased economic importance to Australia of, successively, Japan, China and, potentially, of Indonesia and India. Sport, among other cultural forms, has been championed as a promising domain of diplomacy (broadly defined as encompassing political, economic, social and cultural exchange in both formal and informal environments). The opportunities for ‘football diplomacy’ are greatly enhanced when a common continental or regional governance structure allows Australia to be defined as an Asian sporting nation and so to host and participate in the 2015 AFC Asian Cup. Here, as in all sporting events, nations engage in overt competition, but this re-positioning of Australia for a sporting purpose is symbolically unifying, and may signify a new mode of integration and collective identification that situates Australia within Asia in the Asian century. This chapter divines lessons from this case study that may apply in informative and useful ways to the wider analytical field of sport and diplomacy.Less
As a settler-colonial nation in the southern hemisphere, Australia’s geo-political positioning is consistently questioned. Australia’s relationship with Asia has become especially significant following substantial levels of Asian migration since the Vietnam War, and the increased economic importance to Australia of, successively, Japan, China and, potentially, of Indonesia and India. Sport, among other cultural forms, has been championed as a promising domain of diplomacy (broadly defined as encompassing political, economic, social and cultural exchange in both formal and informal environments). The opportunities for ‘football diplomacy’ are greatly enhanced when a common continental or regional governance structure allows Australia to be defined as an Asian sporting nation and so to host and participate in the 2015 AFC Asian Cup. Here, as in all sporting events, nations engage in overt competition, but this re-positioning of Australia for a sporting purpose is symbolically unifying, and may signify a new mode of integration and collective identification that situates Australia within Asia in the Asian century. This chapter divines lessons from this case study that may apply in informative and useful ways to the wider analytical field of sport and diplomacy.
Joyce Melican
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781447336846
- eISBN:
- 9781447336891
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447336846.003.0015
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter examines the perspectives of local authorities on community planning and localism by focusing on the case of the London Borough of Sutton and reflecting on the author's experience in ...
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This chapter examines the perspectives of local authorities on community planning and localism by focusing on the case of the London Borough of Sutton and reflecting on the author's experience in working at the London Borough of Croydon as a housing project leader. It begins with a brief historical background on social housing policy in the UK and describes how the London Borough of Sutton was forced to divest itself of its housing stock to illustrate the complex and political nature of the local authority perspective on housing. It then considers a range of policies introduced by the UK government in an attempt to change the face and ownership of social housing, including compulsory competitive tendering (CCT), the Right to Buy enshrined in the Housing Act 1980, and the Housing and Planning Bill 2015. The chapter concludes by discussing what is needed in housing policy.Less
This chapter examines the perspectives of local authorities on community planning and localism by focusing on the case of the London Borough of Sutton and reflecting on the author's experience in working at the London Borough of Croydon as a housing project leader. It begins with a brief historical background on social housing policy in the UK and describes how the London Borough of Sutton was forced to divest itself of its housing stock to illustrate the complex and political nature of the local authority perspective on housing. It then considers a range of policies introduced by the UK government in an attempt to change the face and ownership of social housing, including compulsory competitive tendering (CCT), the Right to Buy enshrined in the Housing Act 1980, and the Housing and Planning Bill 2015. The chapter concludes by discussing what is needed in housing policy.
Semanta Dahal
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- August 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780199485079
- eISBN:
- 9780199096992
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199485079.003.0021
- Subject:
- Law, Legal Profession and Ethics
This essay analyses how Nepal has consciously made attempts to depoliticize judicial appointments—while appointments to the Supreme Court were originally made at the behest of the executive (the ...
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This essay analyses how Nepal has consciously made attempts to depoliticize judicial appointments—while appointments to the Supreme Court were originally made at the behest of the executive (the monarch), the fifth Constitution onwards (in 1990), appointments became the prerogative of the ‘Judicial Council’, a body chaired by the Chief Justice of Nepal. This essay describes how by the time Nepal enacted its Interim Constitution of 2006, judicial appointments involved all three branches of the government. This essay observes that the 2015 Constitution retains the Judicial Council and the Parliamentary Hearing Special Committee, and by necessary implication, the model of power-sharing between the three branches of government. Though still largely untested, this essay parts with the belief that the appointment procedures under this Constitution may lead to appropriate selections being made, though its complicated power-sharing devices might quite easily descend into gridlock.Less
This essay analyses how Nepal has consciously made attempts to depoliticize judicial appointments—while appointments to the Supreme Court were originally made at the behest of the executive (the monarch), the fifth Constitution onwards (in 1990), appointments became the prerogative of the ‘Judicial Council’, a body chaired by the Chief Justice of Nepal. This essay describes how by the time Nepal enacted its Interim Constitution of 2006, judicial appointments involved all three branches of the government. This essay observes that the 2015 Constitution retains the Judicial Council and the Parliamentary Hearing Special Committee, and by necessary implication, the model of power-sharing between the three branches of government. Though still largely untested, this essay parts with the belief that the appointment procedures under this Constitution may lead to appropriate selections being made, though its complicated power-sharing devices might quite easily descend into gridlock.
Nigel Biggar
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198861973
- eISBN:
- 9780191894770
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198861973.003.0012
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter argues that, in addition to rights-fundamentalism, another problem lies in the ‘progressive’ zeal, which moves some judges to exploit the room for creativity granted by abstract ...
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This chapter argues that, in addition to rights-fundamentalism, another problem lies in the ‘progressive’ zeal, which moves some judges to exploit the room for creativity granted by abstract concepts, in order to invent novel rights. This, too, is imprudent in having courts, rather than elected legislatures, decide ethical issues that are politically controversial. The argument develops through an examination of Carter v. Canada, the 2015 judgement of Canada’s Supreme Court, which decided that an absolute prohibition of ‘physician-assisted dying’ violated the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The chapter concludes that Carter shows that charters that include unspecified rights generate several problems: they give judges no determinate guidance in deciding cases; they purport to exist before their limits have been set in relation to competing rights, whereas a right’s existence cannot be known until competing claims have been considered; and they afford judges vast room for the exercise of philosophical discretion, in which they lack professional expertise or authority. In addition, there are also problems with the views of the interpretation of rights: that judges have privileged insight into what ‘real rights’ are; and that they are not simply interpreters but developers of law, responsible for keeping it abreast of ‘progressive’ social mores. These views incline judges to overlook the natural myopia of their case-focused attention, the limitations of courts in achieving a comprehensive view of social facts, judges’ lack of accountability for the policy effects of their decisions, and their relative immunity from direct challenge by diverse viewpoints.Less
This chapter argues that, in addition to rights-fundamentalism, another problem lies in the ‘progressive’ zeal, which moves some judges to exploit the room for creativity granted by abstract concepts, in order to invent novel rights. This, too, is imprudent in having courts, rather than elected legislatures, decide ethical issues that are politically controversial. The argument develops through an examination of Carter v. Canada, the 2015 judgement of Canada’s Supreme Court, which decided that an absolute prohibition of ‘physician-assisted dying’ violated the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The chapter concludes that Carter shows that charters that include unspecified rights generate several problems: they give judges no determinate guidance in deciding cases; they purport to exist before their limits have been set in relation to competing rights, whereas a right’s existence cannot be known until competing claims have been considered; and they afford judges vast room for the exercise of philosophical discretion, in which they lack professional expertise or authority. In addition, there are also problems with the views of the interpretation of rights: that judges have privileged insight into what ‘real rights’ are; and that they are not simply interpreters but developers of law, responsible for keeping it abreast of ‘progressive’ social mores. These views incline judges to overlook the natural myopia of their case-focused attention, the limitations of courts in achieving a comprehensive view of social facts, judges’ lack of accountability for the policy effects of their decisions, and their relative immunity from direct challenge by diverse viewpoints.
Louise K. Comfort
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780691165370
- eISBN:
- 9780691186023
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691165370.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This chapter details the findings and analysis for operative adaptive systems. Four earthquake response and recovery systems included in this study fall in this initial category of operative adaptive ...
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This chapter details the findings and analysis for operative adaptive systems. Four earthquake response and recovery systems included in this study fall in this initial category of operative adaptive systems: the 1999 Duzce, Turkey, earthquake; the 2009 Padang, Indonesia, earthquake; the 2011 Tohoku, Japan, earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear breach; and the 2015 Nepal earthquakes. All four response systems share the characteristic of seeking to adapt rapidly to an environment suddenly altered by a major earthquake. Yet, the capacity of each governmental system to extend the process of adaptation beyond the immediate response into a newly re-stabilized recovery system varied markedly, depending on the scale of the destruction incurred, the scope of reconstruction required, and the rate of change over time needed for recovery. Moreover, while each of these four cases exhibited some capacity in technical and social areas, none had strong midlevel networks that could bridge national and local functions easily.Less
This chapter details the findings and analysis for operative adaptive systems. Four earthquake response and recovery systems included in this study fall in this initial category of operative adaptive systems: the 1999 Duzce, Turkey, earthquake; the 2009 Padang, Indonesia, earthquake; the 2011 Tohoku, Japan, earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear breach; and the 2015 Nepal earthquakes. All four response systems share the characteristic of seeking to adapt rapidly to an environment suddenly altered by a major earthquake. Yet, the capacity of each governmental system to extend the process of adaptation beyond the immediate response into a newly re-stabilized recovery system varied markedly, depending on the scale of the destruction incurred, the scope of reconstruction required, and the rate of change over time needed for recovery. Moreover, while each of these four cases exhibited some capacity in technical and social areas, none had strong midlevel networks that could bridge national and local functions easily.
