E. H. H. Green
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198205937
- eISBN:
- 9780191717116
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205937.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Political History
This book investigates developments and changes in the nature of Conservative political thought and the meaning of Conservatism throughout the 20th century. Starting from the Edwardian crisis under ...
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This book investigates developments and changes in the nature of Conservative political thought and the meaning of Conservatism throughout the 20th century. Starting from the Edwardian crisis under Arthur Balfour, the study explores the Conservative mind through a series of chapters that examine how Conservative thinkers, politicians, and activists sought to define the problems they faced, what they thought they were arguing against, and what audiences they were seeking to reach. Topics covered include the influence of the English Idealists, the ideas of Arthur Steel-Maitland, the ending of the 1922 coalition with the Lloyd George Liberals, Conservative Book Clubs, the political economy of Harold Macmillan, the resignation of the Conservative Treasury team under Peter Thorneycroft in 1958, the ideological origins of the Thatcherite revolution under Margaret Thatcher, and Conservative ideas on the role of the State and civil society. It concludes that Conservatism, as articulated throughout the 20th century, can be clearly defined and recognises Thatcherism as a significant departure from previous 20th-century Conservative thought.Less
This book investigates developments and changes in the nature of Conservative political thought and the meaning of Conservatism throughout the 20th century. Starting from the Edwardian crisis under Arthur Balfour, the study explores the Conservative mind through a series of chapters that examine how Conservative thinkers, politicians, and activists sought to define the problems they faced, what they thought they were arguing against, and what audiences they were seeking to reach. Topics covered include the influence of the English Idealists, the ideas of Arthur Steel-Maitland, the ending of the 1922 coalition with the Lloyd George Liberals, Conservative Book Clubs, the political economy of Harold Macmillan, the resignation of the Conservative Treasury team under Peter Thorneycroft in 1958, the ideological origins of the Thatcherite revolution under Margaret Thatcher, and Conservative ideas on the role of the State and civil society. It concludes that Conservatism, as articulated throughout the 20th century, can be clearly defined and recognises Thatcherism as a significant departure from previous 20th-century Conservative thought.
E. H. H. GREEN
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198205937
- eISBN:
- 9780191717116
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205937.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Political History
This introductory chapter begins with a discussion of the purpose of this book, which is to explore aspects of the ideas, values, arguments, and beliefs that have informed Conservative thought in the ...
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This introductory chapter begins with a discussion of the purpose of this book, which is to explore aspects of the ideas, values, arguments, and beliefs that have informed Conservative thought in the 20th century. Conservative ideological debate is sampled and discussed at a number of key points in the party's history. The chapters cover the political economy of Arthur Balfour, English idealist thought, the ideas of Arthur Steel-Maitland, the end of the coalition with the Liberals in 1922, Conservative Book Clubs of the 1930s, the political economy of Harold Macmillan, the resignation of the Conservative Treasury team in 1958, the ideological origins of the Thatcherite revolution and finally, Conservative ideas concerning the role of the State in relation to social and economic policy during the 20th century.Less
This introductory chapter begins with a discussion of the purpose of this book, which is to explore aspects of the ideas, values, arguments, and beliefs that have informed Conservative thought in the 20th century. Conservative ideological debate is sampled and discussed at a number of key points in the party's history. The chapters cover the political economy of Arthur Balfour, English idealist thought, the ideas of Arthur Steel-Maitland, the end of the coalition with the Liberals in 1922, Conservative Book Clubs of the 1930s, the political economy of Harold Macmillan, the resignation of the Conservative Treasury team in 1958, the ideological origins of the Thatcherite revolution and finally, Conservative ideas concerning the role of the State in relation to social and economic policy during the 20th century.
E. H. H. GREEN
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198205937
- eISBN:
- 9780191717116
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205937.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Political History
This chapter reviews the Conservative decision at the Carlton Club meeting of 1922 to end the coalition with the Lloyd George Liberals, and examines the part played by the Conservative's identity as ...
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This chapter reviews the Conservative decision at the Carlton Club meeting of 1922 to end the coalition with the Lloyd George Liberals, and examines the part played by the Conservative's identity as the party of anti-socialism in this decision. Key issues discussed include the impact of taxation, the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921, and the activism of the middle classes with the formation of the Middle Class Union, the Anti-Waste League, and the People's Union for Economy.Less
This chapter reviews the Conservative decision at the Carlton Club meeting of 1922 to end the coalition with the Lloyd George Liberals, and examines the part played by the Conservative's identity as the party of anti-socialism in this decision. Key issues discussed include the impact of taxation, the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921, and the activism of the middle classes with the formation of the Middle Class Union, the Anti-Waste League, and the People's Union for Economy.
Laura Cahillane
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781526100573
- eISBN:
- 9781526115188
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526100573.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This book challenges the myths surrounding the Irish Free Constitution by analysing the document in its context, by looking at how the Constitution was drafted and elucidating the true nature of the ...
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This book challenges the myths surrounding the Irish Free Constitution by analysing the document in its context, by looking at how the Constitution was drafted and elucidating the true nature of the document. It examines the reasons why the Constitution did not function as anticipated and investigates whether the failures of the document can be attributed to errors of judgment in the drafting process or to subsequent events and treatment of the document. As well as giving a comprehensive account of the drafting stages and an analysis of the three alternative drafts for the first time, the book considers the intellectual influences behind the Constitution and the central themes of the document. This work constitutes a new look at this historic document through a legal lens and the analysis benefits from the advantage of hindsight as well as the archival material now available. Given the fact that the current Constitution substantially reproduces much of the 1922 text, the work will be of interest to modern constitutional scholars as well as legal historians and anyone with an interest in the period surrounding the creation of the Irish State.Less
This book challenges the myths surrounding the Irish Free Constitution by analysing the document in its context, by looking at how the Constitution was drafted and elucidating the true nature of the document. It examines the reasons why the Constitution did not function as anticipated and investigates whether the failures of the document can be attributed to errors of judgment in the drafting process or to subsequent events and treatment of the document. As well as giving a comprehensive account of the drafting stages and an analysis of the three alternative drafts for the first time, the book considers the intellectual influences behind the Constitution and the central themes of the document. This work constitutes a new look at this historic document through a legal lens and the analysis benefits from the advantage of hindsight as well as the archival material now available. Given the fact that the current Constitution substantially reproduces much of the 1922 text, the work will be of interest to modern constitutional scholars as well as legal historians and anyone with an interest in the period surrounding the creation of the Irish State.
Michael David-Fox
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199794577
- eISBN:
- 9780199932245
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794577.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter analyzes how the Soviet approach to foreign visitors crystallized during a particular conjuncture in the early 1920s. As the first significant influx of “bourgeois” foreigners, including ...
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This chapter analyzes how the Soviet approach to foreign visitors crystallized during a particular conjuncture in the early 1920s. As the first significant influx of “bourgeois” foreigners, including the American Relief Association (ARA), arrived to provide aid during the famine of 1920–1922, Soviet missions became focused not only on external contacts and exports but on influencing visitors at home. The chapter explores the origins of Soviet organizations set up to shape the international image of the Soviet experiment. It considers the motivations and activities of the precursors to the All-Union Society for Cultural Ties Abroad (VOKS), Soviet guides and translators, and the secret police (OGPU/NKVD). A new Soviet system emerged to predict visitors' judgments, evaluate and classify foreigners, and identify friends and enemies.Less
This chapter analyzes how the Soviet approach to foreign visitors crystallized during a particular conjuncture in the early 1920s. As the first significant influx of “bourgeois” foreigners, including the American Relief Association (ARA), arrived to provide aid during the famine of 1920–1922, Soviet missions became focused not only on external contacts and exports but on influencing visitors at home. The chapter explores the origins of Soviet organizations set up to shape the international image of the Soviet experiment. It considers the motivations and activities of the precursors to the All-Union Society for Cultural Ties Abroad (VOKS), Soviet guides and translators, and the secret police (OGPU/NKVD). A new Soviet system emerged to predict visitors' judgments, evaluate and classify foreigners, and identify friends and enemies.
Laura Cahillane
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781526100573
- eISBN:
- 9781526115188
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526100573.003.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
The introduction explains the aim of the book.
The introduction explains the aim of the book.
Peter Hart
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198208068
- eISBN:
- 9780191677892
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208068.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter examines the victims of the I.R.A., exploring the unprecedented killings in Cork and Munster. In early 1922, the protection offered by the police and the army had gone. Households were ...
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This chapter examines the victims of the I.R.A., exploring the unprecedented killings in Cork and Munster. In early 1922, the protection offered by the police and the army had gone. Households were at the mercy of any group of young men with guns and demands. Apart from being uniformly Protestant and male, there was little to distinguish the victims from their neighbours. Almost all were natives of West Cork, where Buttimer, Bradfield, Jogoe, and Hornibrook were familiar names of long standing. These men were shot because they were Protestant. No Catholic Free Staters, landlords, or spies were even shot at. Many of the victims, however, were already marked as enemies by the I.R.A. long before April 1922.Less
This chapter examines the victims of the I.R.A., exploring the unprecedented killings in Cork and Munster. In early 1922, the protection offered by the police and the army had gone. Households were at the mercy of any group of young men with guns and demands. Apart from being uniformly Protestant and male, there was little to distinguish the victims from their neighbours. Almost all were natives of West Cork, where Buttimer, Bradfield, Jogoe, and Hornibrook were familiar names of long standing. These men were shot because they were Protestant. No Catholic Free Staters, landlords, or spies were even shot at. Many of the victims, however, were already marked as enemies by the I.R.A. long before April 1922.
Christine Loh
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028948
- eISBN:
- 9789882207653
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028948.003.0016
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter provides a discussion on the earliest history of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in Hong Kong 1920–1926. The story of the CCP in Hong Kong may be said to begin with three men who ...
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This chapter provides a discussion on the earliest history of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in Hong Kong 1920–1926. The story of the CCP in Hong Kong may be said to begin with three men who started the irregular Zhenshanmei Magazine in 1920. The earliest days of the CCP presence in Hong Kong was a part of the story of the party getting established and surviving as a political organisation. It is stated that Hong Kong was in fact an inspiration for the emergent socialist movement on the Mainland. The first major labour event—the Seamen's Strike of 1922—in Hong Kong is described. It then turns to Guangzhou-Hong Kong Strike-Boycott 1925–1926.Less
This chapter provides a discussion on the earliest history of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in Hong Kong 1920–1926. The story of the CCP in Hong Kong may be said to begin with three men who started the irregular Zhenshanmei Magazine in 1920. The earliest days of the CCP presence in Hong Kong was a part of the story of the party getting established and surviving as a political organisation. It is stated that Hong Kong was in fact an inspiration for the emergent socialist movement on the Mainland. The first major labour event—the Seamen's Strike of 1922—in Hong Kong is described. It then turns to Guangzhou-Hong Kong Strike-Boycott 1925–1926.
Laura Cahillane
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781526100573
- eISBN:
- 9781526115188
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526100573.003.0010
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This chapter builds on the conclusions reached at the end of the last chapter by attempting to discover whether the failures of the constitution were caused by defects in the constitutional design of ...
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This chapter builds on the conclusions reached at the end of the last chapter by attempting to discover whether the failures of the constitution were caused by defects in the constitutional design of by the treatment of the document post-enactment and also to demonstrate the continuing importance of the 1922 experience. Two important provisions are concentrated upon; the amendment provision and the judicial review provision.Less
This chapter builds on the conclusions reached at the end of the last chapter by attempting to discover whether the failures of the constitution were caused by defects in the constitutional design of by the treatment of the document post-enactment and also to demonstrate the continuing importance of the 1922 experience. Two important provisions are concentrated upon; the amendment provision and the judicial review provision.
Sydney Janet Kaplan
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748641482
- eISBN:
- 9780748671595
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748641482.003.0009
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
This chapter examines Mansfield's last year of life and Murry's efforts to circulate her legacy after her death. It explores the irony of her being in Paris in 1922—the banner year of international ...
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This chapter examines Mansfield's last year of life and Murry's efforts to circulate her legacy after her death. It explores the irony of her being in Paris in 1922—the banner year of international modernism—whilst she was struggling through the last stages of tuberculosis. It discusses her meeting with James Joyce and her reactions to Ulysses. Murry's critiques of Joyce are also analysed, as well as his writing on Proust. Mansfield's final decision to spend the last weeks of her life at Gurdjieff's Institute in Fontainebleau affected Murry's own spiritual awakening. Murry's tendency to mysticism is examined in the last section of this chapter, as is his new editorial venture, the Adelphi, which he devoted to Mansfield's memory and used to publish her writing and his responses to her death.Less
This chapter examines Mansfield's last year of life and Murry's efforts to circulate her legacy after her death. It explores the irony of her being in Paris in 1922—the banner year of international modernism—whilst she was struggling through the last stages of tuberculosis. It discusses her meeting with James Joyce and her reactions to Ulysses. Murry's critiques of Joyce are also analysed, as well as his writing on Proust. Mansfield's final decision to spend the last weeks of her life at Gurdjieff's Institute in Fontainebleau affected Murry's own spiritual awakening. Murry's tendency to mysticism is examined in the last section of this chapter, as is his new editorial venture, the Adelphi, which he devoted to Mansfield's memory and used to publish her writing and his responses to her death.
Stuart Ball
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199667987
- eISBN:
- 9780191751356
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199667987.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Political History
The first part of this chapter is an analysis of the personnel of the Conservative Party in the House of Commons between the wars, which examines their social, educational and occupational ...
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The first part of this chapter is an analysis of the personnel of the Conservative Party in the House of Commons between the wars, which examines their social, educational and occupational backgrounds, and their career patterns, including lengths of service and the rewards of the honours system. It then considers the nature of their working milieu, before proceeding to discuss the various sections and factions, and the cases of dissent and disunity. The role of the Whips is assessed, and the development of the backbench subject committees and their general representative body, known as the ‘1922 Committee’, is explained. The chapter concludes with a consideration of the declining role and importance of the Conservative peers in the House of Lords.Less
The first part of this chapter is an analysis of the personnel of the Conservative Party in the House of Commons between the wars, which examines their social, educational and occupational backgrounds, and their career patterns, including lengths of service and the rewards of the honours system. It then considers the nature of their working milieu, before proceeding to discuss the various sections and factions, and the cases of dissent and disunity. The role of the Whips is assessed, and the development of the backbench subject committees and their general representative body, known as the ‘1922 Committee’, is explained. The chapter concludes with a consideration of the declining role and importance of the Conservative peers in the House of Lords.
Howard Pollack
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520248649
- eISBN:
- 9780520933149
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520248649.003.0014
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
On February 20, 1922, two shows opened on Broadway—The French Doll at the Lyceum and For Goodness Sake at the Lyric—that featured some new songs by Gershwin. For Goodness Sake, which ran for 103 ...
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On February 20, 1922, two shows opened on Broadway—The French Doll at the Lyceum and For Goodness Sake at the Lyric—that featured some new songs by Gershwin. For Goodness Sake, which ran for 103 performances, grabbed the critics as bright and sophisticated. “Yankee Doodle Blues” became one of Gershwin's relatively few early hits, with more than ten recordings in 1922 alone. Gershwin wrote his third Scandals score, the Scandals of 1922, mostly with Buddy DeSylva. Blue Monday Blues represented another kind of landmark: a one-act opera, lasting about twenty minutes, for six black characters and chorus. Our Nell offered the novel spectacle of a jazzy melodrama, though set in New England rather than Harlem.Less
On February 20, 1922, two shows opened on Broadway—The French Doll at the Lyceum and For Goodness Sake at the Lyric—that featured some new songs by Gershwin. For Goodness Sake, which ran for 103 performances, grabbed the critics as bright and sophisticated. “Yankee Doodle Blues” became one of Gershwin's relatively few early hits, with more than ten recordings in 1922 alone. Gershwin wrote his third Scandals score, the Scandals of 1922, mostly with Buddy DeSylva. Blue Monday Blues represented another kind of landmark: a one-act opera, lasting about twenty minutes, for six black characters and chorus. Our Nell offered the novel spectacle of a jazzy melodrama, though set in New England rather than Harlem.
Laura Cahillane
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781526100573
- eISBN:
- 9781526115188
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526100573.003.0002
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This chapter is concerned with the work of the committee; it explains the role played by each member as well as the nature of the meetings. The freedom of the committee is considered in relation to ...
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This chapter is concerned with the work of the committee; it explains the role played by each member as well as the nature of the meetings. The freedom of the committee is considered in relation to the instructions given them by Collins and Griffith. The preliminary structure of the constitution and the early discussions are examined.Less
This chapter is concerned with the work of the committee; it explains the role played by each member as well as the nature of the meetings. The freedom of the committee is considered in relation to the instructions given them by Collins and Griffith. The preliminary structure of the constitution and the early discussions are examined.
Laura Cahillane
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781526100573
- eISBN:
- 9781526115188
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526100573.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This chapter goes beyond any existing scholarship by providing, for the first time, a detailed consideration of the three original drafts of the constitution. While these drafts were published in the ...
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This chapter goes beyond any existing scholarship by providing, for the first time, a detailed consideration of the three original drafts of the constitution. While these drafts were published in the 1970s, they have never been examined or analysed in detail. Here the three documents are considered in depth under a number of headings and their provisions are compared and contrasted.Less
This chapter goes beyond any existing scholarship by providing, for the first time, a detailed consideration of the three original drafts of the constitution. While these drafts were published in the 1970s, they have never been examined or analysed in detail. Here the three documents are considered in depth under a number of headings and their provisions are compared and contrasted.
Barbara Lounsberry
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780813062952
- eISBN:
- 9780813051833
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813062952.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
Virginia Woolf moves toward her distinctive voice and finds her rhythmic movement in her 1922 and 1923 diary books. Her 1922 diary stands out as one of her most resilient diaries. Across the year, ...
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Virginia Woolf moves toward her distinctive voice and finds her rhythmic movement in her 1922 and 1923 diary books. Her 1922 diary stands out as one of her most resilient diaries. Across the year, she turns from male voices repeatedly—and with assurance. In fact, she replaces “unsympathetic” male voices, male sites, and male works with female. She feels she is striking now closer to her own voice. She also activates the “quick change” movement envisioned in her 1921 diary. In her 1923 diary she moves on many levels. She writes six (surface) play scenes in her diary while also pursuing her soul and the rush of “extraordinary emotions” she begins to feel. She seeks greater freedom and movement and sets her eyes on London once more. In 1922, Woolf reads Alie Badenhorst’s Boer War Diary, a powerful anti-war document and important addition to her understanding of women and war. In July 1923, she receives James Boswell’s Journal of a Tour to Corsica. She finds there a journal bold in experiment; rich in portraits, voice, and movement; and baring of the soul.Less
Virginia Woolf moves toward her distinctive voice and finds her rhythmic movement in her 1922 and 1923 diary books. Her 1922 diary stands out as one of her most resilient diaries. Across the year, she turns from male voices repeatedly—and with assurance. In fact, she replaces “unsympathetic” male voices, male sites, and male works with female. She feels she is striking now closer to her own voice. She also activates the “quick change” movement envisioned in her 1921 diary. In her 1923 diary she moves on many levels. She writes six (surface) play scenes in her diary while also pursuing her soul and the rush of “extraordinary emotions” she begins to feel. She seeks greater freedom and movement and sets her eyes on London once more. In 1922, Woolf reads Alie Badenhorst’s Boer War Diary, a powerful anti-war document and important addition to her understanding of women and war. In July 1923, she receives James Boswell’s Journal of a Tour to Corsica. She finds there a journal bold in experiment; rich in portraits, voice, and movement; and baring of the soul.
Theresa A. Case
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780813056975
- eISBN:
- 9780813053752
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813056975.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter establishes the importance of African American shop workers to Texas railroad hubs such as Marshall, Texas, and explores black responses to the 1922 National Railroad Shopmen’s Strike. ...
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This chapter establishes the importance of African American shop workers to Texas railroad hubs such as Marshall, Texas, and explores black responses to the 1922 National Railroad Shopmen’s Strike. Newspaper sources reveal that, while some Texas black and white shopmen cooperated in the 1922 walkout, 216 black shopmen in Marshall dramatically broke with the town’s white strikers and the mass of white citizens who supported them: the 216 petitioned the US government and the Texas & Pacific Railway for protection of their return to work against pro-strike violence and intimidation. The chapter contends that the Marshall petitioners found encouragement not only in WWI-era federal policies and civil rights activism but also in the opportunities for black education and stable family life in Marshall. In addition, an earlier rejection of interracial labor solidarity by Marshall’s white shopmen may have played a role. How, in the aftermath of the strike’s defeat, black shopmen and their families related to each other, and to the town’s developing civil rights movement, is a question ripe for investigation.Less
This chapter establishes the importance of African American shop workers to Texas railroad hubs such as Marshall, Texas, and explores black responses to the 1922 National Railroad Shopmen’s Strike. Newspaper sources reveal that, while some Texas black and white shopmen cooperated in the 1922 walkout, 216 black shopmen in Marshall dramatically broke with the town’s white strikers and the mass of white citizens who supported them: the 216 petitioned the US government and the Texas & Pacific Railway for protection of their return to work against pro-strike violence and intimidation. The chapter contends that the Marshall petitioners found encouragement not only in WWI-era federal policies and civil rights activism but also in the opportunities for black education and stable family life in Marshall. In addition, an earlier rejection of interracial labor solidarity by Marshall’s white shopmen may have played a role. How, in the aftermath of the strike’s defeat, black shopmen and their families related to each other, and to the town’s developing civil rights movement, is a question ripe for investigation.
Simon James Bytheway and Mark Metzler
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781501704949
- eISBN:
- 9781501705953
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501704949.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Economic History
This chapter details how Montagu Norman of the Bank of England, in partnership with Benjamin Strong of the FRBNY, turned ad hoc wartime cooperation into a formal agenda. The paired ideas that ...
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This chapter details how Montagu Norman of the Bank of England, in partnership with Benjamin Strong of the FRBNY, turned ad hoc wartime cooperation into a formal agenda. The paired ideas that national central banks should be autonomous, and that they should cooperate with each other, were first spelled out in a private “manifesto” that Norman circulated among fellow central bankers in 1921. Central bank cooperation was internationally recognized as a principle at the 1922 Genoa Conference, and it was also put into practice. Cooperation between central banks began primarily as informational cooperation, which includes not only the sharing of information but also the sharing and propagation of worldviews. An international network of central banks thus developed out of the war, as did the world's first truly coordinated system of international monetary policy. In these and other ways, financial globalization surged to a new level in the 1920s.Less
This chapter details how Montagu Norman of the Bank of England, in partnership with Benjamin Strong of the FRBNY, turned ad hoc wartime cooperation into a formal agenda. The paired ideas that national central banks should be autonomous, and that they should cooperate with each other, were first spelled out in a private “manifesto” that Norman circulated among fellow central bankers in 1921. Central bank cooperation was internationally recognized as a principle at the 1922 Genoa Conference, and it was also put into practice. Cooperation between central banks began primarily as informational cooperation, which includes not only the sharing of information but also the sharing and propagation of worldviews. An international network of central banks thus developed out of the war, as did the world's first truly coordinated system of international monetary policy. In these and other ways, financial globalization surged to a new level in the 1920s.
Russell K. Skowronek
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780813054766
- eISBN:
- 9780813053493
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813054766.003.0005
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
Nearly a century ago, in 1922, Carl Guthe, from the University of Michigan, conducted a three-year-long archaeological reconnaissance of the southern Philippines. He identified 542 sites. Twenty-six ...
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Nearly a century ago, in 1922, Carl Guthe, from the University of Michigan, conducted a three-year-long archaeological reconnaissance of the southern Philippines. He identified 542 sites. Twenty-six of these sites contained European-made ceramics dating from the 377 years of Spanish colonial rule. Significantly, the majority of these were made during the nineteenth century in Great Britain and the Netherlands, both of which were neighbouring colonial powers in Southeast Asia. The century-old Guthe Collection continues to yield information regarding life in this remote corner of the Spanish colonial world.Less
Nearly a century ago, in 1922, Carl Guthe, from the University of Michigan, conducted a three-year-long archaeological reconnaissance of the southern Philippines. He identified 542 sites. Twenty-six of these sites contained European-made ceramics dating from the 377 years of Spanish colonial rule. Significantly, the majority of these were made during the nineteenth century in Great Britain and the Netherlands, both of which were neighbouring colonial powers in Southeast Asia. The century-old Guthe Collection continues to yield information regarding life in this remote corner of the Spanish colonial world.
Tony Varley
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780719078804
- eISBN:
- 9781781707944
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719078804.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
To the extent that land redistribution contributes to large and small farmers seeing themselves as different classes with divergent economic interests, its effects may be highly incapacitating ...
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To the extent that land redistribution contributes to large and small farmers seeing themselves as different classes with divergent economic interests, its effects may be highly incapacitating politically, especially if it hinders farmers in constituting themselves as a single political class capable of becoming a coherent force in competitive party politics. Against this backdrop this chapter examines the question of how land redistribution was handled by three farmers’ parties intent on attracting all-farmer support in twentieth-century Ireland. How well each of these parties succeeded in holding a class balance that would simultaneously safeguard security of tenure while tolerating moderate land redistribution is assessed. The degree to which land redistribution contributed to the demise of the three farmers’ parties in question is also considered.Less
To the extent that land redistribution contributes to large and small farmers seeing themselves as different classes with divergent economic interests, its effects may be highly incapacitating politically, especially if it hinders farmers in constituting themselves as a single political class capable of becoming a coherent force in competitive party politics. Against this backdrop this chapter examines the question of how land redistribution was handled by three farmers’ parties intent on attracting all-farmer support in twentieth-century Ireland. How well each of these parties succeeded in holding a class balance that would simultaneously safeguard security of tenure while tolerating moderate land redistribution is assessed. The degree to which land redistribution contributed to the demise of the three farmers’ parties in question is also considered.
Paul K. Saint-Amour
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780190200947
- eISBN:
- 9780190200978
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190200947.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
Chapter 3 extends the previous chapter’s analysis of dissidence in the face of an apparently foreclosed future. At issue here are two works published in 1922 and preoccupied with the relations among ...
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Chapter 3 extends the previous chapter’s analysis of dissidence in the face of an apparently foreclosed future. At issue here are two works published in 1922 and preoccupied with the relations among war, futurity, and the archive: Theodore Savage, a work of apocalyptic speculative fiction by suffragist Cicely Hamilton, and the Manual of Archive Administration by Hilary Jenkinson. Although these works could not be farther apart generically, both forbear to instrumentalize the present in the name of either tradition or posterity. Instead, they advocate celibacy (marital and reproductive for Hamilton, historiographic for Jenkinson) as a desire in and for the present. The chapter identifies these two works as genre-mates and interwar forerunners of two types of fantasia more commonly associated with the Cold War: one that imagines the persistence of humanity and the extinction of the archive; the other envisioning the extinction of humanity and the persistence of the archive.Less
Chapter 3 extends the previous chapter’s analysis of dissidence in the face of an apparently foreclosed future. At issue here are two works published in 1922 and preoccupied with the relations among war, futurity, and the archive: Theodore Savage, a work of apocalyptic speculative fiction by suffragist Cicely Hamilton, and the Manual of Archive Administration by Hilary Jenkinson. Although these works could not be farther apart generically, both forbear to instrumentalize the present in the name of either tradition or posterity. Instead, they advocate celibacy (marital and reproductive for Hamilton, historiographic for Jenkinson) as a desire in and for the present. The chapter identifies these two works as genre-mates and interwar forerunners of two types of fantasia more commonly associated with the Cold War: one that imagines the persistence of humanity and the extinction of the archive; the other envisioning the extinction of humanity and the persistence of the archive.
