Bernard Lewis
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195102833
- eISBN:
- 9780199854509
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195102833.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This book uses the climatic year of 1492, a year laden with epic events and riven by political debate, to explore a clash of civilizations — between the Jews, Christendom, and Islam, as well as that ...
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This book uses the climatic year of 1492, a year laden with epic events and riven by political debate, to explore a clash of civilizations — between the Jews, Christendom, and Islam, as well as that between the New World and the Old. In the same year that Columbus set sail across the Atlantic, the book reminds us, the Spanish monarchy captured Granada, the last Muslim stronghold on the peninsula, and also expelled the Jews. It uses these three epochal events to explore the nature of the European-Islamic conflict, placing the voyages of discovery in a new context. It traces Christian Europe's path from being a primitive backwater on the edges of the vast, cosmopolitan Caliphate, through the heightening rivalry of the two religions, to the triumph of the West over Islam, examining the factors behind their changing fortunes and cultural qualities. The book provides a new understanding of the distant events that gave shape to the modern world.Less
This book uses the climatic year of 1492, a year laden with epic events and riven by political debate, to explore a clash of civilizations — between the Jews, Christendom, and Islam, as well as that between the New World and the Old. In the same year that Columbus set sail across the Atlantic, the book reminds us, the Spanish monarchy captured Granada, the last Muslim stronghold on the peninsula, and also expelled the Jews. It uses these three epochal events to explore the nature of the European-Islamic conflict, placing the voyages of discovery in a new context. It traces Christian Europe's path from being a primitive backwater on the edges of the vast, cosmopolitan Caliphate, through the heightening rivalry of the two religions, to the triumph of the West over Islam, examining the factors behind their changing fortunes and cultural qualities. The book provides a new understanding of the distant events that gave shape to the modern world.
Jonathan S. Ray
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814729113
- eISBN:
- 9780814729120
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814729113.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
On August 3, 1492, the same day that Columbus set sail from Spain, the long and glorious history of that nation's Jewish community officially came to a close. The expulsion of Europe's last major ...
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On August 3, 1492, the same day that Columbus set sail from Spain, the long and glorious history of that nation's Jewish community officially came to a close. The expulsion of Europe's last major Jewish community ended more than a thousand years of unparalleled prosperity, cultural vitality and intellectual productivity. Yet, the crisis of 1492 also gave rise to a dynamic and resilient diaspora society spanning East and West. This book traces the various paths of migration and resettlement of Sephardic Jews and Conversos over the course of the tumultuous sixteenth century. Pivotally, it argues that the exiles did not become “Sephardic Jews” overnight. Only in the second and third generation did these disparate groups coalesce and adopt a “Sephardic Jewish” identity. The book presents a new and fascinating portrait of Jewish society in transition from the medieval to the early modern period, a portrait that challenges many longstanding assumptions about the differences between Europe and the Middle East.Less
On August 3, 1492, the same day that Columbus set sail from Spain, the long and glorious history of that nation's Jewish community officially came to a close. The expulsion of Europe's last major Jewish community ended more than a thousand years of unparalleled prosperity, cultural vitality and intellectual productivity. Yet, the crisis of 1492 also gave rise to a dynamic and resilient diaspora society spanning East and West. This book traces the various paths of migration and resettlement of Sephardic Jews and Conversos over the course of the tumultuous sixteenth century. Pivotally, it argues that the exiles did not become “Sephardic Jews” overnight. Only in the second and third generation did these disparate groups coalesce and adopt a “Sephardic Jewish” identity. The book presents a new and fascinating portrait of Jewish society in transition from the medieval to the early modern period, a portrait that challenges many longstanding assumptions about the differences between Europe and the Middle East.
Renee Levine Melammed
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195170719
- eISBN:
- 9780199835416
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195170717.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
The rationale for the expulsion of the Jews from Spain was ostensibly because they exerted a negative influence on the baptized conversos. In truth, Jewish-converso relations during the fifteenth ...
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The rationale for the expulsion of the Jews from Spain was ostensibly because they exerted a negative influence on the baptized conversos. In truth, Jewish-converso relations during the fifteenth century were extremely complicated. In 1492, the reluctance of so many Jews to abandon their homeland led them to choose baptism, creating a new group of New Christians far more knowledgeable about Judaism than the descendants of the conversos of 1391. At the same time, some of the Jews who chose exile subsequently regretted their decision; those who opted for baptism between 1492 and 1499 formed a group of returnees. At the turn of the century, a Judaizing messianic movement transpired in Spain that resulted in increased inquisitorial activity.Less
The rationale for the expulsion of the Jews from Spain was ostensibly because they exerted a negative influence on the baptized conversos. In truth, Jewish-converso relations during the fifteenth century were extremely complicated. In 1492, the reluctance of so many Jews to abandon their homeland led them to choose baptism, creating a new group of New Christians far more knowledgeable about Judaism than the descendants of the conversos of 1391. At the same time, some of the Jews who chose exile subsequently regretted their decision; those who opted for baptism between 1492 and 1499 formed a group of returnees. At the turn of the century, a Judaizing messianic movement transpired in Spain that resulted in increased inquisitorial activity.
Christina H. Lee
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781784991203
- eISBN:
- 9781526104021
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781784991203.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
In the “Introduction,” Lee provides the theoretical framework of her book, which is founded on the notion that all textual production—literary and documentary—are valid in understanding the early ...
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In the “Introduction,” Lee provides the theoretical framework of her book, which is founded on the notion that all textual production—literary and documentary—are valid in understanding the early modern Spanish experience. She then explains the historical context for understanding the pervasive desire of New Christians and lowborns to “pass” for dominant members of society and proposes that dominant’s anxiety of sameness becomes a focal point in the construction of the other. She then summaries of the sections that encompass the book.Less
In the “Introduction,” Lee provides the theoretical framework of her book, which is founded on the notion that all textual production—literary and documentary—are valid in understanding the early modern Spanish experience. She then explains the historical context for understanding the pervasive desire of New Christians and lowborns to “pass” for dominant members of society and proposes that dominant’s anxiety of sameness becomes a focal point in the construction of the other. She then summaries of the sections that encompass the book.
Adam Lifshey
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823232383
- eISBN:
- 9780823241187
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823232383.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, American Colonial Literature
Since the nineteenth century the diary has been the most widely read and referenced account of the events of the 1492–93 crossing. It has been canonized despite the issues of unreliability that ...
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Since the nineteenth century the diary has been the most widely read and referenced account of the events of the 1492–93 crossing. It has been canonized despite the issues of unreliability that result in part from the changes introduced by its editor from early colonial times, the Dominican priest Bartolomé de las Casas. The version by de las Casas, produced some four decades or more after Columbus wrote the original diary, is the basis of all modern editions. The manuscript by Columbus and a contemporary copy did not survive into posterity. The de las Casas document itself was lost until the end of the eighteenth century and remained unpublished until 1825. It alternates between Columbus's first-person narrative in allegedly verbatim citations and de las Casas's third- person paraphrasings of the explorer's entries.Less
Since the nineteenth century the diary has been the most widely read and referenced account of the events of the 1492–93 crossing. It has been canonized despite the issues of unreliability that result in part from the changes introduced by its editor from early colonial times, the Dominican priest Bartolomé de las Casas. The version by de las Casas, produced some four decades or more after Columbus wrote the original diary, is the basis of all modern editions. The manuscript by Columbus and a contemporary copy did not survive into posterity. The de las Casas document itself was lost until the end of the eighteenth century and remained unpublished until 1825. It alternates between Columbus's first-person narrative in allegedly verbatim citations and de las Casas's third- person paraphrasings of the explorer's entries.
Vincent LoBrutto
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780813177083
- eISBN:
- 9780813177090
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813177083.003.0011
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
In 1992, on the five hundredth anniversary of the world-changing voyage of Christopher Columbus, Ridley Scott created a movie that showed the personal side of the explorer. Extensive research was ...
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In 1992, on the five hundredth anniversary of the world-changing voyage of Christopher Columbus, Ridley Scott created a movie that showed the personal side of the explorer. Extensive research was poured into the project as well as insights from Columbus’s diary, which was inherited by his son. The production was lavish and exotic. The culture of the people who lived where Columbus landed is portrayed with realism and authenticity. The performances, especially that of Gérard Depardieu, are engaging. Ridley Scott captures history with meticulous location shooting and intricate lighting and composition that define the period. The film did not get great reviews and box office was unimpressive. Controversy over who Christopher Columbus really was and what he actually accomplished continues to swirl, but 1492: Conquest of Paradise brings layers of insight into his life and larger-than-life personality.Less
In 1992, on the five hundredth anniversary of the world-changing voyage of Christopher Columbus, Ridley Scott created a movie that showed the personal side of the explorer. Extensive research was poured into the project as well as insights from Columbus’s diary, which was inherited by his son. The production was lavish and exotic. The culture of the people who lived where Columbus landed is portrayed with realism and authenticity. The performances, especially that of Gérard Depardieu, are engaging. Ridley Scott captures history with meticulous location shooting and intricate lighting and composition that define the period. The film did not get great reviews and box office was unimpressive. Controversy over who Christopher Columbus really was and what he actually accomplished continues to swirl, but 1492: Conquest of Paradise brings layers of insight into his life and larger-than-life personality.
Julia Phillips Cohen
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199340408
- eISBN:
- 9780199388882
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199340408.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History, History of Religion
Chapter 2 analyzes Ottoman Jews’ participation in two different commemorations of the year 1492. In the first case, Jews decided to treat the four-hundredth anniversary of their ancestors’ expulsion ...
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Chapter 2 analyzes Ottoman Jews’ participation in two different commemorations of the year 1492. In the first case, Jews decided to treat the four-hundredth anniversary of their ancestors’ expulsion from Spain as a cause for patriotic celebration, transforming it into a holiday marking their arrival in Ottoman lands. This celebration served a dual purpose. Its architects hoped to encourage Ottoman Jews to honor their state and to persuade the sultan to offer safe haven to Jews fleeing persecution in their own day. The second commemorative event featured in this chapter honored a journey to different shores in 1492. This was the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition. As Jewish merchants crossed the Atlantic to represent their state in Chicago, Ottoman Jewish journalists sought to instill in their readers a sense of pride in their coreligionists’ activities abroad and to reflect on what it meant to call their empire home.Less
Chapter 2 analyzes Ottoman Jews’ participation in two different commemorations of the year 1492. In the first case, Jews decided to treat the four-hundredth anniversary of their ancestors’ expulsion from Spain as a cause for patriotic celebration, transforming it into a holiday marking their arrival in Ottoman lands. This celebration served a dual purpose. Its architects hoped to encourage Ottoman Jews to honor their state and to persuade the sultan to offer safe haven to Jews fleeing persecution in their own day. The second commemorative event featured in this chapter honored a journey to different shores in 1492. This was the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition. As Jewish merchants crossed the Atlantic to represent their state in Chicago, Ottoman Jewish journalists sought to instill in their readers a sense of pride in their coreligionists’ activities abroad and to reflect on what it meant to call their empire home.
Allison Margaret Bigelow
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781469654386
- eISBN:
- 9781469654409
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469654386.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
By tracing moments when new terms were coined and when they began to appear in sixteenth-century books from the Caribbean, this chapter combines linguistic data and historical sources to show how ...
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By tracing moments when new terms were coined and when they began to appear in sixteenth-century books from the Caribbean, this chapter combines linguistic data and historical sources to show how Indigenous ideas of mining and metals influenced the grammar of the colonial Spanish gold industry. This approach situates Taíno metallic cosmologies within a web of human, plant, and mineral relationships. As shown by the sources analyzed in the chapter—all written, published, and circulated between 1492 and the 1530s—such relationships were both material and symbolic, mapping on to mining geographies, practices, and forms of speech.Less
By tracing moments when new terms were coined and when they began to appear in sixteenth-century books from the Caribbean, this chapter combines linguistic data and historical sources to show how Indigenous ideas of mining and metals influenced the grammar of the colonial Spanish gold industry. This approach situates Taíno metallic cosmologies within a web of human, plant, and mineral relationships. As shown by the sources analyzed in the chapter—all written, published, and circulated between 1492 and the 1530s—such relationships were both material and symbolic, mapping on to mining geographies, practices, and forms of speech.
