Wen Hua
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9789888139811
- eISBN:
- 9789888180691
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888139811.003.0005
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
People usually assume that cosmetic surgery is a privilege of the elite and the rich. However, women who opt for cosmetic surgery come from diverse groups in China. Using ethnographic cases, this ...
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People usually assume that cosmetic surgery is a privilege of the elite and the rich. However, women who opt for cosmetic surgery come from diverse groups in China. Using ethnographic cases, this chapter highlights the diverse motivations that lead to cosmetic surgery. It reveals that for some Chinese women, cosmetic surgery is less about vanity than practicality. The drastic and dramatic economic, socio-cultural and political changes in China have produced immense anxiety that is experienced by women both mentally and physically.Less
People usually assume that cosmetic surgery is a privilege of the elite and the rich. However, women who opt for cosmetic surgery come from diverse groups in China. Using ethnographic cases, this chapter highlights the diverse motivations that lead to cosmetic surgery. It reveals that for some Chinese women, cosmetic surgery is less about vanity than practicality. The drastic and dramatic economic, socio-cultural and political changes in China have produced immense anxiety that is experienced by women both mentally and physically.
Mary E. Gallagher, Ching Kwan Lee, and Sarosh Kuruvilla
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801450242
- eISBN:
- 9780801462931
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450242.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Asian Politics
This chapter describes the transformation of the Chinese employment structure following thirty years of economic reform (1978–2008). Notable among these changes is the dramatic growth in informal ...
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This chapter describes the transformation of the Chinese employment structure following thirty years of economic reform (1978–2008). Notable among these changes is the dramatic growth in informal employment. Informal here refers to employment that is not stable or secure, lacks a written agreement or contract, and does not provide social insurance or benefits. Within a generation, urban China has shifted from a highly protected “iron rice bowl” system that guaranteed workers permanent employment, cradle-to-grave benefits, and a relatively high degree of equality to a market-driven employment system characterized by variations in wages, welfare provision, labor law enforcement, and job security. This book examines the strategies and responses of the Chinese state, workers, and civil society to this growth in informal employment.Less
This chapter describes the transformation of the Chinese employment structure following thirty years of economic reform (1978–2008). Notable among these changes is the dramatic growth in informal employment. Informal here refers to employment that is not stable or secure, lacks a written agreement or contract, and does not provide social insurance or benefits. Within a generation, urban China has shifted from a highly protected “iron rice bowl” system that guaranteed workers permanent employment, cradle-to-grave benefits, and a relatively high degree of equality to a market-driven employment system characterized by variations in wages, welfare provision, labor law enforcement, and job security. This book examines the strategies and responses of the Chinese state, workers, and civil society to this growth in informal employment.
