Fay Bound Alberti
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199540976
- eISBN:
- 9780191701207
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199540976.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
The heart is the most symbolic organ of the human body. Across cultures it is seen as the site of emotions, as well as the origin of life. We feel emotions in the heart, from the heart-stopping ...
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The heart is the most symbolic organ of the human body. Across cultures it is seen as the site of emotions, as well as the origin of life. We feel emotions in the heart, from the heart-stopping sensation of romantic love to the crushing sensation of despair. And yet since the nineteenth century the heart has been redefined in medical terms as a pump, an organ responsible for the circulation of the blood. Emotions have been removed from the heart as an active site of influence and towards the brain. It is the brain that is the organ most commonly associated with emotion in the modern West. So why, then, do the emotional meanings of the heart linger? Why do many transplantation patients believe that the heart, for instance, can transmit memories and emotions and why do we still refer to emotions as ‘heartfelt’? We cannot answer these questions without reference to the history of the heart as both physical organ and emotional symbol. Matters of the Heart traces the ways emotions have been understood between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries as both physical entities and spiritual experiences. With reference to historical interpretations of such key concepts as gender, emotion, subjectivity, and the self, it also addresses the shifting relationship from heart to brain as competing centres of emotion in the West.Less
The heart is the most symbolic organ of the human body. Across cultures it is seen as the site of emotions, as well as the origin of life. We feel emotions in the heart, from the heart-stopping sensation of romantic love to the crushing sensation of despair. And yet since the nineteenth century the heart has been redefined in medical terms as a pump, an organ responsible for the circulation of the blood. Emotions have been removed from the heart as an active site of influence and towards the brain. It is the brain that is the organ most commonly associated with emotion in the modern West. So why, then, do the emotional meanings of the heart linger? Why do many transplantation patients believe that the heart, for instance, can transmit memories and emotions and why do we still refer to emotions as ‘heartfelt’? We cannot answer these questions without reference to the history of the heart as both physical organ and emotional symbol. Matters of the Heart traces the ways emotions have been understood between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries as both physical entities and spiritual experiences. With reference to historical interpretations of such key concepts as gender, emotion, subjectivity, and the self, it also addresses the shifting relationship from heart to brain as competing centres of emotion in the West.
Ronald Y. Nakasone
David E. Guinn (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195178739
- eISBN:
- 9780199784943
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195178734.003.0014
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
This chapter examines the structure and role of ambiguity in the Japanese Organ Transplant Law by looking at the Chinese Huayen Buddhist doctrine of dharmadhatu-pratityasamutpada (fajie yuanqi shuo) ...
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This chapter examines the structure and role of ambiguity in the Japanese Organ Transplant Law by looking at the Chinese Huayen Buddhist doctrine of dharmadhatu-pratityasamutpada (fajie yuanqi shuo) or universal dependent “coarising”, a major interpretation of the Buddha's pratityasamutpada, dependent-coarising or interdependence. Specifically, it will examine the nature of ambiguity through the zhuban yuanming jude men or “the attribute of the complete accommodation of principal and secondary dharmas” that Fazang (643-712) formulated. The interdependent and evolving Buddhist vision of reality causes ambiguity in decision making and action.Less
This chapter examines the structure and role of ambiguity in the Japanese Organ Transplant Law by looking at the Chinese Huayen Buddhist doctrine of dharmadhatu-pratityasamutpada (fajie yuanqi shuo) or universal dependent “coarising”, a major interpretation of the Buddha's pratityasamutpada, dependent-coarising or interdependence. Specifically, it will examine the nature of ambiguity through the zhuban yuanming jude men or “the attribute of the complete accommodation of principal and secondary dharmas” that Fazang (643-712) formulated. The interdependent and evolving Buddhist vision of reality causes ambiguity in decision making and action.
Tony Elger and Chris Smith
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199241514
- eISBN:
- 9780191714405
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199241514.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business
This book uses research on Japanese firms in the UK to contribute to broader debate about the role of international firms in reconstructing contemporary work and employment relations. Japanese ...
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This book uses research on Japanese firms in the UK to contribute to broader debate about the role of international firms in reconstructing contemporary work and employment relations. Japanese manufacturing subsidiaries in Britain have often been portrayed as carriers of Japanese best practice models of work organization and employment relations. This research challenges this view on the basis of intensive comparative workplace case studies of several Japanese manufacturing plants in Britain. It develops an analysis of system, society, and dominance effects to identify the competing pressures upon such firms, and argues that factory managers have to negotiate the implications of these cross pressures. Thus, the analysis focuses on the ways in which Japanese and British managers have sought to construct distinctive production and employment regimes in the light of their particular branch plant mandates and competencies, the evolving character of management-worker relations within factories, and the varied product and labour market conditions they face. It also explores the scope and bases of consent and dissent among employees working in these modern workplaces. On this basis, it highlights the constraints as well as the opportunities facing managers of such greenfield workplaces, the uncertainties that arise from intractable features of capitalist employment relations, and the ways in which employment and production regimes are adapted and remade in specific corporate and local contexts. Finally, it assesses the strengths and weaknesses of three competing contemporary images of international subsidiaries, as transplants, as hybrids, and as branch plants.Less
This book uses research on Japanese firms in the UK to contribute to broader debate about the role of international firms in reconstructing contemporary work and employment relations. Japanese manufacturing subsidiaries in Britain have often been portrayed as carriers of Japanese best practice models of work organization and employment relations. This research challenges this view on the basis of intensive comparative workplace case studies of several Japanese manufacturing plants in Britain. It develops an analysis of system, society, and dominance effects to identify the competing pressures upon such firms, and argues that factory managers have to negotiate the implications of these cross pressures. Thus, the analysis focuses on the ways in which Japanese and British managers have sought to construct distinctive production and employment regimes in the light of their particular branch plant mandates and competencies, the evolving character of management-worker relations within factories, and the varied product and labour market conditions they face. It also explores the scope and bases of consent and dissent among employees working in these modern workplaces. On this basis, it highlights the constraints as well as the opportunities facing managers of such greenfield workplaces, the uncertainties that arise from intractable features of capitalist employment relations, and the ways in which employment and production regimes are adapted and remade in specific corporate and local contexts. Finally, it assesses the strengths and weaknesses of three competing contemporary images of international subsidiaries, as transplants, as hybrids, and as branch plants.
J.W.F. Allison
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198298656
- eISBN:
- 9780191710735
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198298656.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Comparative Law, Legal History
The development of an autonomous English public law has been accompanied by persistent problems — a lack of systematic principles, dissatisfaction with judicial review procedure, and uncertainty ...
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The development of an autonomous English public law has been accompanied by persistent problems — a lack of systematic principles, dissatisfaction with judicial review procedure, and uncertainty about the judicial role. It has provoked a continuing debate on the desirability of distinguishing between basic categories of public and private law. In this debate, a historical and comparative perspective has been lacking. By way of a comparative historical jurisprudence and a Weberian method, this book introduces such a perspective from which to view the problematic English distinction between public and private law as a legal transplant from the Continental civil law to the English common law. It provides a novel application of that method to the distinction's contrasting development in England and France. It compares the relatively recent emergence of a significant English distinction with the entrenchment of the traditional and influential French distinction demarcating the leading system of droit administratif developed by the Conseil d'Etat. Emphasising systemic interconnections between theory, institutions, and judicial procedure in the development of legal system, it explains how persistent problems of English public law are related to fundamental differences between the English and French legal and political traditions — differences in their conception of the state administration, their approach to law, their separation of powers, and their judicial procedures in public law cases. The book shows how a satisfactory distinction between public and private law depends on a particular legal and political context, a context that was evident in late 19th-century France and lacking in 20th-century England. It concludes by identifying the far-reaching theoretical, institutional, and procedural changes required to accommodate English public law.Less
The development of an autonomous English public law has been accompanied by persistent problems — a lack of systematic principles, dissatisfaction with judicial review procedure, and uncertainty about the judicial role. It has provoked a continuing debate on the desirability of distinguishing between basic categories of public and private law. In this debate, a historical and comparative perspective has been lacking. By way of a comparative historical jurisprudence and a Weberian method, this book introduces such a perspective from which to view the problematic English distinction between public and private law as a legal transplant from the Continental civil law to the English common law. It provides a novel application of that method to the distinction's contrasting development in England and France. It compares the relatively recent emergence of a significant English distinction with the entrenchment of the traditional and influential French distinction demarcating the leading system of droit administratif developed by the Conseil d'Etat. Emphasising systemic interconnections between theory, institutions, and judicial procedure in the development of legal system, it explains how persistent problems of English public law are related to fundamental differences between the English and French legal and political traditions — differences in their conception of the state administration, their approach to law, their separation of powers, and their judicial procedures in public law cases. The book shows how a satisfactory distinction between public and private law depends on a particular legal and political context, a context that was evident in late 19th-century France and lacking in 20th-century England. It concludes by identifying the far-reaching theoretical, institutional, and procedural changes required to accommodate English public law.
Tony Elger and Chris Smith
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199241514
- eISBN:
- 9780191714405
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199241514.003.0004
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business
This chapter develops a theoretical framework for analysing the character of transfer and innovation in the international company. This draws on labour process theory and institutionalist approaches ...
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This chapter develops a theoretical framework for analysing the character of transfer and innovation in the international company. This draws on labour process theory and institutionalist approaches to develop an analysis of system, society, and dominance effects as competing pressures on, and sources of diversity among, overseas manufacturing subsidiaries. The operations of these factories are influenced by such contextual features as corporate structures, sector dynamics, the local setting, and wider national institutions and traditions, but these features are themselves mediated and manipulated in power struggles between collective and individual agents at workplace level. Thus, changes in work and employment relations cannot be read off from existing organizational templates or external constraints, but involve tensions and contention between different groupings within management and between managers and workers. The implications of these arguments are drawn out by considering rival interpretations of the operations of overseas subsidiaries, as transplants, hybrids, or branch plants.Less
This chapter develops a theoretical framework for analysing the character of transfer and innovation in the international company. This draws on labour process theory and institutionalist approaches to develop an analysis of system, society, and dominance effects as competing pressures on, and sources of diversity among, overseas manufacturing subsidiaries. The operations of these factories are influenced by such contextual features as corporate structures, sector dynamics, the local setting, and wider national institutions and traditions, but these features are themselves mediated and manipulated in power struggles between collective and individual agents at workplace level. Thus, changes in work and employment relations cannot be read off from existing organizational templates or external constraints, but involve tensions and contention between different groupings within management and between managers and workers. The implications of these arguments are drawn out by considering rival interpretations of the operations of overseas subsidiaries, as transplants, hybrids, or branch plants.
Tony Elger and Chris Smith
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199241514
- eISBN:
- 9780191714405
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199241514.003.0012
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business
This chapter considers the wider implications of the analysis of Japanese firms developed throughout the book, both for debates about the transfer and hybridization of Japanese production models, and ...
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This chapter considers the wider implications of the analysis of Japanese firms developed throughout the book, both for debates about the transfer and hybridization of Japanese production models, and for broader theorizing about the subsidiary operations of international firms. It discusses the lessons of the research for three dominant images of subsidiary operations — as transplants, hybrids, or branch plants, which give differing emphases to system, society, and dominance effects in understanding the operations of such workplaces. It argues that the transfer and translation of management approaches and techniques within and between enterprises, and the evolution of work and employment relations within specific workplaces, is a more contested, multi-layered, and complex phenomena than is conventionally recognized, strongly influenced by power relations within management and the corporate mandate of the subsidiary.Less
This chapter considers the wider implications of the analysis of Japanese firms developed throughout the book, both for debates about the transfer and hybridization of Japanese production models, and for broader theorizing about the subsidiary operations of international firms. It discusses the lessons of the research for three dominant images of subsidiary operations — as transplants, hybrids, or branch plants, which give differing emphases to system, society, and dominance effects in understanding the operations of such workplaces. It argues that the transfer and translation of management approaches and techniques within and between enterprises, and the evolution of work and employment relations within specific workplaces, is a more contested, multi-layered, and complex phenomena than is conventionally recognized, strongly influenced by power relations within management and the corporate mandate of the subsidiary.
Petra Butler
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780197265376
- eISBN:
- 9780191760426
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265376.003.0011
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
This chapter discusses the New Zealand courts' jurisprudence in regard to the interpretative provisions — sections 4, 5, and 6 — of the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990. It not only gives an ...
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This chapter discusses the New Zealand courts' jurisprudence in regard to the interpretative provisions — sections 4, 5, and 6 — of the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990. It not only gives an overview of the relevant New Zealand case law but also compares the courts' approaches to those of their UK counterparts, in particular the UK Supreme Court (formerly, the House of Lords) in regard to section 3 of the UK Human Rights Act 1998. It is argued that the perceived difference in the approaches can be explained by different contexts rather than different methodology. The chapter thereby questions the view held in New Zealand that the UK courts, and especially the Supreme Court, are more activist than the New Zealand courts.Less
This chapter discusses the New Zealand courts' jurisprudence in regard to the interpretative provisions — sections 4, 5, and 6 — of the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990. It not only gives an overview of the relevant New Zealand case law but also compares the courts' approaches to those of their UK counterparts, in particular the UK Supreme Court (formerly, the House of Lords) in regard to section 3 of the UK Human Rights Act 1998. It is argued that the perceived difference in the approaches can be explained by different contexts rather than different methodology. The chapter thereby questions the view held in New Zealand that the UK courts, and especially the Supreme Court, are more activist than the New Zealand courts.
William R. Clark
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195336634
- eISBN:
- 9780199868568
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195336634.003.0013
- Subject:
- Biology, Disease Ecology / Epidemiology
T cells are the major barrier to the transplantation of organs between other than genetically identical twins. The basis for immune rejection lies in the incredible heterogeneity among humans in ...
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T cells are the major barrier to the transplantation of organs between other than genetically identical twins. The basis for immune rejection lies in the incredible heterogeneity among humans in histocompatibility genes and proteins. Rejection can be managed somewhat by careful histocompatibility matching of donor and recipient, and with drugs that suppress T cell function, but permanent acceptance of transplants has yet to be achieved. This chapter examines how T cells detect transplants as foreign, and the mechanisms they use to reject them. A close study of these processes may suggest better strategies for ensuring transplant survival.Less
T cells are the major barrier to the transplantation of organs between other than genetically identical twins. The basis for immune rejection lies in the incredible heterogeneity among humans in histocompatibility genes and proteins. Rejection can be managed somewhat by careful histocompatibility matching of donor and recipient, and with drugs that suppress T cell function, but permanent acceptance of transplants has yet to be achieved. This chapter examines how T cells detect transplants as foreign, and the mechanisms they use to reject them. A close study of these processes may suggest better strategies for ensuring transplant survival.
Irwin Epstein
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195335521
- eISBN:
- 9780199777433
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195335521.003.0003
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
This chapter describes a time of “discovery” of CDM as a research method and the study that was in many ways the prototype for all future CDM studies. In the case described in this chapter the Mount ...
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This chapter describes a time of “discovery” of CDM as a research method and the study that was in many ways the prototype for all future CDM studies. In the case described in this chapter the Mount Sinai “liver transplant study” helped with research and consultation principles and procedures that have served well in all subsequent CDM studies.Less
This chapter describes a time of “discovery” of CDM as a research method and the study that was in many ways the prototype for all future CDM studies. In the case described in this chapter the Mount Sinai “liver transplant study” helped with research and consultation principles and procedures that have served well in all subsequent CDM studies.
Sven Bernecker
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199577569
- eISBN:
- 9780191722820
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199577569.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind, Metaphysics/Epistemology
This chapter examines the nature of memory causation. This involves identifying the vehicle of memory causation, specifying the strength of the causal relation constitutive of memory, and ruling out ...
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This chapter examines the nature of memory causation. This involves identifying the vehicle of memory causation, specifying the strength of the causal relation constitutive of memory, and ruling out deviant causal chains. It is argued that the causal chains connecting the past and present representation must consist in a persisting memory trace. Memory traces are either dispositional beliefs or subdoxastic states. For a memory trace to give rise to a genuine memory it must at least be an INUS condition for one's present state of seeming to remember. If the memory trace is an independently sufficient condition for the state of seeming to remember, it may not be preempted by another independently sufficient condition. The dependence of memory states on past representations must support counterfactuals of the form: if the subject hadn't represented a particular proposition in the past he wouldn't represent it now. This chapter discusses, among other things, the possibility of trace transplants, connectionism, the Gettier problem, hypnosis, and suggestibility.Less
This chapter examines the nature of memory causation. This involves identifying the vehicle of memory causation, specifying the strength of the causal relation constitutive of memory, and ruling out deviant causal chains. It is argued that the causal chains connecting the past and present representation must consist in a persisting memory trace. Memory traces are either dispositional beliefs or subdoxastic states. For a memory trace to give rise to a genuine memory it must at least be an INUS condition for one's present state of seeming to remember. If the memory trace is an independently sufficient condition for the state of seeming to remember, it may not be preempted by another independently sufficient condition. The dependence of memory states on past representations must support counterfactuals of the form: if the subject hadn't represented a particular proposition in the past he wouldn't represent it now. This chapter discusses, among other things, the possibility of trace transplants, connectionism, the Gettier problem, hypnosis, and suggestibility.
Gunther Teubner
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199247752
- eISBN:
- 9780191596346
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199247757.003.0013
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic Systems
Recent attempts at institutional transfer of legal rules from one production regime to the other seem to produce a double irritation in the new context. As the case of transfer of continental rules ...
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Recent attempts at institutional transfer of legal rules from one production regime to the other seem to produce a double irritation in the new context. As the case of transfer of continental rules on ‘good faith’ demonstrates, foreign rules are irritants not only in relation to the domestic legal discourse itself but also in relation to the economic institutions to which law is closely coupled. They force the domestic law to a reconstruction in the network of its distinctions, while provoking the economic institutions to a reconstruction of their own. Thus, they trigger two different series of events whose interaction leads to an evolutionary dynamics, which may find a new equilibrium in the eigenvalues of the legal and economic institutions involved. The result of such a complex and turbulent process is rarely a convergence of the participating legal orders, rather the creation of new cleavages in the interrelation of legal and economic institutions.Less
Recent attempts at institutional transfer of legal rules from one production regime to the other seem to produce a double irritation in the new context. As the case of transfer of continental rules on ‘good faith’ demonstrates, foreign rules are irritants not only in relation to the domestic legal discourse itself but also in relation to the economic institutions to which law is closely coupled. They force the domestic law to a reconstruction in the network of its distinctions, while provoking the economic institutions to a reconstruction of their own. Thus, they trigger two different series of events whose interaction leads to an evolutionary dynamics, which may find a new equilibrium in the eigenvalues of the legal and economic institutions involved. The result of such a complex and turbulent process is rarely a convergence of the participating legal orders, rather the creation of new cleavages in the interrelation of legal and economic institutions.
Larry R. Squire
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195380101
- eISBN:
- 9780199864362
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195380101.003.0003
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, History of Neuroscience
This chapter presents an autobiography of Marian Cleeves Diamond. Diamond's laboratory has three major scientific contributions: One, the structural components of the cerebral cortex can be altered ...
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This chapter presents an autobiography of Marian Cleeves Diamond. Diamond's laboratory has three major scientific contributions: One, the structural components of the cerebral cortex can be altered by either enriched or impoverished environments at any age, from prenatal to extremely old age. Two, the structural arrangement of the male and female cortices is significantly different and can be altered in the absence of sex steroid hormones. Three, the dorsal lateral frontal cerebral cortex is bilaterally deficient in the immune deficient mouse and can be reversed with thymic transplants. Her early years, career, and achievements are discussed.Less
This chapter presents an autobiography of Marian Cleeves Diamond. Diamond's laboratory has three major scientific contributions: One, the structural components of the cerebral cortex can be altered by either enriched or impoverished environments at any age, from prenatal to extremely old age. Two, the structural arrangement of the male and female cortices is significantly different and can be altered in the absence of sex steroid hormones. Three, the dorsal lateral frontal cerebral cortex is bilaterally deficient in the immune deficient mouse and can be reversed with thymic transplants. Her early years, career, and achievements are discussed.
RICHARD J. WILSON
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195381146
- eISBN:
- 9780199869305
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195381146.003.0009
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
This chapter explores both a brief typology for the import and export of law, and three different stages in the law and development movement. It also examines the export of US clinical legal ...
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This chapter explores both a brief typology for the import and export of law, and three different stages in the law and development movement. It also examines the export of US clinical legal education in the context of that movement and argues that it is not legal imperialism, at least in the context of law and development theory as it is practiced today. It reviews the first stage of law and development policy (1960s to mid-1970s), which comes the closest to legal imperialism, but argues that even that critique is flawed. In the second, “rule of law and democracy” stage (1980s and 1990s) and the third, or “human rights and freedom” stage (late 1990s forward), clinical legal education has taken on an increasingly important, but always secondary place in the range of development priorities and alternatives.Less
This chapter explores both a brief typology for the import and export of law, and three different stages in the law and development movement. It also examines the export of US clinical legal education in the context of that movement and argues that it is not legal imperialism, at least in the context of law and development theory as it is practiced today. It reviews the first stage of law and development policy (1960s to mid-1970s), which comes the closest to legal imperialism, but argues that even that critique is flawed. In the second, “rule of law and democracy” stage (1980s and 1990s) and the third, or “human rights and freedom” stage (late 1990s forward), clinical legal education has taken on an increasingly important, but always secondary place in the range of development priorities and alternatives.
Richard Florida and Martin Kenney
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199248544
- eISBN:
- 9780191596155
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199248540.003.0011
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Microeconomics
Organizational theory has long held that it is difficult to transfer organizations from one environment to another and that organizations that are transferred will take on characteristics of the new ...
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Organizational theory has long held that it is difficult to transfer organizations from one environment to another and that organizations that are transferred will take on characteristics of the new environment. The authors argue that organizations have the capabilities and the resources to transfer and to some degree replicate key capabilities in a new environment, and further to alter those environments in light of their functional requirements. We explore the question of organizational transfer and replication through the lens of a specific class of transplant organizations—Japanese automotive assembly plants and their suppliers in the US. We believe that these transplant organizations provide an ideal case to explore such questions because they represent organizations which are being transferred from a supportive to a foreign environment. We find that these Japanese automotive transplants have effectively transferred and to some degree replicated key organizational forms and capabilities at both the intra‐ and inter‐organizational levels.Less
Organizational theory has long held that it is difficult to transfer organizations from one environment to another and that organizations that are transferred will take on characteristics of the new environment. The authors argue that organizations have the capabilities and the resources to transfer and to some degree replicate key capabilities in a new environment, and further to alter those environments in light of their functional requirements. We explore the question of organizational transfer and replication through the lens of a specific class of transplant organizations—Japanese automotive assembly plants and their suppliers in the US. We believe that these transplant organizations provide an ideal case to explore such questions because they represent organizations which are being transferred from a supportive to a foreign environment. We find that these Japanese automotive transplants have effectively transferred and to some degree replicated key organizational forms and capabilities at both the intra‐ and inter‐organizational levels.
Rick Delbridge
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198292333
- eISBN:
- 9780191684906
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198292333.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies, HRM / IR
Much is stated and written about the new world of work but how much do we know about the contemporary workplace? What influence have Japanese management techniques (Just-in-Time Production and Total ...
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Much is stated and written about the new world of work but how much do we know about the contemporary workplace? What influence have Japanese management techniques (Just-in-Time Production and Total Quality Management, for example) had on the way work is organized in ‘transplants’, and more broadly in other firms and sectors? Have the systems and mechanisms of control changed radically in recent years, or are they much the same as they have always been? This book is in a long tradition of ethnographic research in industrial sociology and management/labour studies. Not only does it offer rich empirical data on the lived reality of work and a management practice that may share little in common with that found in the textbooks, it also raises a number of important issues about the best ways to understand the complex and changing nature of work.Less
Much is stated and written about the new world of work but how much do we know about the contemporary workplace? What influence have Japanese management techniques (Just-in-Time Production and Total Quality Management, for example) had on the way work is organized in ‘transplants’, and more broadly in other firms and sectors? Have the systems and mechanisms of control changed radically in recent years, or are they much the same as they have always been? This book is in a long tradition of ethnographic research in industrial sociology and management/labour studies. Not only does it offer rich empirical data on the lived reality of work and a management practice that may share little in common with that found in the textbooks, it also raises a number of important issues about the best ways to understand the complex and changing nature of work.
Helen Balsdon and Jenny I. O. Craig
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198528081
- eISBN:
- 9780191730399
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528081.003.0005
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making
This chapter discusses stem cell transplantation. It provides an overview of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the different types of transplantation, and the problems arising from this ...
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This chapter discusses stem cell transplantation. It provides an overview of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the different types of transplantation, and the problems arising from this treatment. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the infusion of stem cells to repopulate the haematopoietic system and to overcome resultant bone marrow aplasia. It is usually administered with the aim to cure. Transplants are categorised as autologous, sibling allogeneic, volunteer-unrelated, and syngeneic transplants. While transplants may improve conditions of haematological patients, they pose complications after three months. These complications are infection, chronic GvHD, infertility, endocrine dysfunction, psychological morbidity, and secondary malignancy.Less
This chapter discusses stem cell transplantation. It provides an overview of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the different types of transplantation, and the problems arising from this treatment. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the infusion of stem cells to repopulate the haematopoietic system and to overcome resultant bone marrow aplasia. It is usually administered with the aim to cure. Transplants are categorised as autologous, sibling allogeneic, volunteer-unrelated, and syngeneic transplants. While transplants may improve conditions of haematological patients, they pose complications after three months. These complications are infection, chronic GvHD, infertility, endocrine dysfunction, psychological morbidity, and secondary malignancy.
John Wynne and Tim Wainwright
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719085055
- eISBN:
- 9781526109958
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719085055.003.0007
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
Transplant is a project comprised of materials gathered while photographer Tim Wainwright and John Wynne were artists-in-residence for a year at Harefield Hospital just outside London, one of the ...
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Transplant is a project comprised of materials gathered while photographer Tim Wainwright and John Wynne were artists-in-residence for a year at Harefield Hospital just outside London, one of the world’s leading centres for heart and lung transplantation. The video presented here was developed alongside a large-scale gallery installation and an award-winning half-hour radio piece commissioned by BBC Radio 3 and was originally designed as a DVD to accompany a book of essays and photographs, also entitled Transplant.Less
Transplant is a project comprised of materials gathered while photographer Tim Wainwright and John Wynne were artists-in-residence for a year at Harefield Hospital just outside London, one of the world’s leading centres for heart and lung transplantation. The video presented here was developed alongside a large-scale gallery installation and an award-winning half-hour radio piece commissioned by BBC Radio 3 and was originally designed as a DVD to accompany a book of essays and photographs, also entitled Transplant.
Joxerramon Bengoetxea
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199232468
- eISBN:
- 9780191716027
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199232468.003.0018
- Subject:
- Law, EU Law
This chapter examines how a constitutional feature of some Member States — infra-state regionalism — penetrates the EU administrative and constitutional ethos at a point which is quite unexpected: ...
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This chapter examines how a constitutional feature of some Member States — infra-state regionalism — penetrates the EU administrative and constitutional ethos at a point which is quite unexpected: the sacrosanct principle that the Member States are the building blocks of the EU. The approach hinges on the formal rights of states under international or supra-national organization law and on States' discretion, meaning the constitutional autonomy to organize themselves internally as they see fit. These two principles bring unity or at least give an appearance of unity into the system — a unity without uniformity or a unity which consists in not looking into the internal structure of the Member States.Less
This chapter examines how a constitutional feature of some Member States — infra-state regionalism — penetrates the EU administrative and constitutional ethos at a point which is quite unexpected: the sacrosanct principle that the Member States are the building blocks of the EU. The approach hinges on the formal rights of states under international or supra-national organization law and on States' discretion, meaning the constitutional autonomy to organize themselves internally as they see fit. These two principles bring unity or at least give an appearance of unity into the system — a unity without uniformity or a unity which consists in not looking into the internal structure of the Member States.
Nataliya Zelikovsky and Debra S. Lefkowitz
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780195342680
- eISBN:
- 9780197562598
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780195342680.003.0053
- Subject:
- Clinical Medicine and Allied Health, Psychiatry
The first successful organ transplant was a kidney transplant performed between identical twins in 1954. Since that time, major medical advances have been ...
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The first successful organ transplant was a kidney transplant performed between identical twins in 1954. Since that time, major medical advances have been made to help improve survival rates for transplant recipients. In 2008, there were 1,964 solid organ transplants performed for children under age 18 (2007 Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network and the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients [OPTN/SRTR] Annual Report 1997–2006). Currently, approximately 1,830 pediatric patients are awaiting some type of solid organ transplant (2007 OPTN/SRTR Annual Report 1997–2006). Organ transplantation in children is relatively recent compared to other treatments for children with chronic illnesses. The focus over the first few decades has been on medical advances and improving survival rates for transplant patients. In the recent years, increasing attention has been given to the developmental, neurocognitive, and psychosocial outcomes prior to transplant and in the short-term period post transplant. Most chronic illnesses and acute traumatic medical events have implications for neurocognitive outcomes. End-stage disease of the liver, kidney, heart, and lung are all believed to affect intellectual, academic, and neurocognitive functions. Gross neurodevelopmental deficits have become less common due to early medical intervention (e.g., improved nutrition, surgical intervention, reduced exposure to aluminum (Warady 2002). Organ transplantation is believed to ameliorate the deleterious long-term developmental and neurocognitive effects, but this topic has received little attention in the literature, and the available results with regard to intellectual, academic, and neurodevelopmental results have been mixed. In a combined sample of solid organ transplant patients, 40% had clinically significant cognitive delays (Brosig et al. 2006). Examining the impact of different underlying disease processes and transplantation of each solid organ separately is critical. Thus, we discuss the neurocognitive outcomes of each organ group separately in this chapter. Neurocognitive outcomes can be assessed in a variety of ways depending upon the age of the child. Among infants and toddlers, neurocognitive functioning is measured by an assessment of motor function, social and environmental interaction, and language development. Assessment of older children may involve the evaluation of intelligence, academic achievement, emotional and behavioral functioning, and adaptive skills.
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The first successful organ transplant was a kidney transplant performed between identical twins in 1954. Since that time, major medical advances have been made to help improve survival rates for transplant recipients. In 2008, there were 1,964 solid organ transplants performed for children under age 18 (2007 Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network and the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients [OPTN/SRTR] Annual Report 1997–2006). Currently, approximately 1,830 pediatric patients are awaiting some type of solid organ transplant (2007 OPTN/SRTR Annual Report 1997–2006). Organ transplantation in children is relatively recent compared to other treatments for children with chronic illnesses. The focus over the first few decades has been on medical advances and improving survival rates for transplant patients. In the recent years, increasing attention has been given to the developmental, neurocognitive, and psychosocial outcomes prior to transplant and in the short-term period post transplant. Most chronic illnesses and acute traumatic medical events have implications for neurocognitive outcomes. End-stage disease of the liver, kidney, heart, and lung are all believed to affect intellectual, academic, and neurocognitive functions. Gross neurodevelopmental deficits have become less common due to early medical intervention (e.g., improved nutrition, surgical intervention, reduced exposure to aluminum (Warady 2002). Organ transplantation is believed to ameliorate the deleterious long-term developmental and neurocognitive effects, but this topic has received little attention in the literature, and the available results with regard to intellectual, academic, and neurodevelopmental results have been mixed. In a combined sample of solid organ transplant patients, 40% had clinically significant cognitive delays (Brosig et al. 2006). Examining the impact of different underlying disease processes and transplantation of each solid organ separately is critical. Thus, we discuss the neurocognitive outcomes of each organ group separately in this chapter. Neurocognitive outcomes can be assessed in a variety of ways depending upon the age of the child. Among infants and toddlers, neurocognitive functioning is measured by an assessment of motor function, social and environmental interaction, and language development. Assessment of older children may involve the evaluation of intelligence, academic achievement, emotional and behavioral functioning, and adaptive skills.
Eric Rakowski
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198240792
- eISBN:
- 9780191680274
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198240792.003.0008
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
This chapter examines the real and hypothetical responses to questions related to a handicapped or diseased persons' entitlement of parts of others' bodies in order to remove their disabilities or ...
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This chapter examines the real and hypothetical responses to questions related to a handicapped or diseased persons' entitlement of parts of others' bodies in order to remove their disabilities or save their lives when the donor would not be similarly injured or endangered. The chapter endorses nonvoluntary post mortem transplants and the mandatory transfer of organs from live donors for the well-being of responsible adults in cases where the benefits would be large and the sacrifices demanded of donors not excessive. It then counters opponents of nonvoluntary transplants and finally concludes that compulsory renal or corneal transplants, as well as forced blood donations, are justifiable to redress significant inequalities if cadaver organs are unavailable and if potential recipients did not waived their right to receive an organ in exchange for a lessened risk of having to donate one of their own.Less
This chapter examines the real and hypothetical responses to questions related to a handicapped or diseased persons' entitlement of parts of others' bodies in order to remove their disabilities or save their lives when the donor would not be similarly injured or endangered. The chapter endorses nonvoluntary post mortem transplants and the mandatory transfer of organs from live donors for the well-being of responsible adults in cases where the benefits would be large and the sacrifices demanded of donors not excessive. It then counters opponents of nonvoluntary transplants and finally concludes that compulsory renal or corneal transplants, as well as forced blood donations, are justifiable to redress significant inequalities if cadaver organs are unavailable and if potential recipients did not waived their right to receive an organ in exchange for a lessened risk of having to donate one of their own.
