G. BRUCE DOERN and STEPHEN WILKS
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198280620
- eISBN:
- 9780191684371
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198280620.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
This chapter discusses a recent study by the Canadian Bureau of Competition Policy that concludes that the new focus on environmental regulation and competition law reflects a broader trend involving ...
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This chapter discusses a recent study by the Canadian Bureau of Competition Policy that concludes that the new focus on environmental regulation and competition law reflects a broader trend involving the internationalization of a wide range of policies which, up to now, have been considered domestic in nature. The chapter first reviews international efforts at harmonization. It then analyses outstanding issues with respect to the interface between domestic competition policy and international trade policy. The third section briefly evaluates the institutional implications that other countries are likely to face in the future if progress is to be made in the international co-ordination.Less
This chapter discusses a recent study by the Canadian Bureau of Competition Policy that concludes that the new focus on environmental regulation and competition law reflects a broader trend involving the internationalization of a wide range of policies which, up to now, have been considered domestic in nature. The chapter first reviews international efforts at harmonization. It then analyses outstanding issues with respect to the interface between domestic competition policy and international trade policy. The third section briefly evaluates the institutional implications that other countries are likely to face in the future if progress is to be made in the international co-ordination.
Petros C. Mavroidis
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780262029995
- eISBN:
- 9780262333719
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262029995.003.0013
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
This final chapter discusses the subject of transparency, an important GATT/WTO institution aiming to curb uncertainty in trade relations. Transparency is a much repeated concept in the WTO. This ...
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This final chapter discusses the subject of transparency, an important GATT/WTO institution aiming to curb uncertainty in trade relations. Transparency is a much repeated concept in the WTO. This chapter reviews how, in the spirit of Article X of GATT, individual WTO members must reveal information about their trade policies. The Trade Policy Review Mechanism, concluded during the Uruguay round, was a significant shift–trading nations no longer had the exclusive initiative to provide information about their policies. Instead, the WTO would be empowered to examine on its own account the trade policies adopted by each member.Less
This final chapter discusses the subject of transparency, an important GATT/WTO institution aiming to curb uncertainty in trade relations. Transparency is a much repeated concept in the WTO. This chapter reviews how, in the spirit of Article X of GATT, individual WTO members must reveal information about their trade policies. The Trade Policy Review Mechanism, concluded during the Uruguay round, was a significant shift–trading nations no longer had the exclusive initiative to provide information about their policies. Instead, the WTO would be empowered to examine on its own account the trade policies adopted by each member.
Massimo Motta and Michele Ruta
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262016018
- eISBN:
- 9780262298650
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262016018.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
There have been several arguments over governments’ attitudes toward mergers in the globalized market, some of which are political in nature. This chapter focuses on strategic trade policy and ...
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There have been several arguments over governments’ attitudes toward mergers in the globalized market, some of which are political in nature. This chapter focuses on strategic trade policy and political economy arguments to illustrate merger policy in the global economy. The strategic trade policy literature mentions that governments’ protectionist attitudes may create national champions by reducing their cost and making them aggressive in the international market, where they can increase their market share and compete well against foreign rivals. However, the authors believe that strategic trade policy arguments may not help us to completely understand the attitudes of governments toward merger policy. They further present a political economy model that throws light on conflicting positions adopted by different nations in the context of mergers.Less
There have been several arguments over governments’ attitudes toward mergers in the globalized market, some of which are political in nature. This chapter focuses on strategic trade policy and political economy arguments to illustrate merger policy in the global economy. The strategic trade policy literature mentions that governments’ protectionist attitudes may create national champions by reducing their cost and making them aggressive in the international market, where they can increase their market share and compete well against foreign rivals. However, the authors believe that strategic trade policy arguments may not help us to completely understand the attitudes of governments toward merger policy. They further present a political economy model that throws light on conflicting positions adopted by different nations in the context of mergers.
Mathias Risse and Gabriel Wollner
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- November 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198837411
- eISBN:
- 9780191874116
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198837411.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory, Political Economy
This chapter explores particular domestic obligations of states in the domain of trade, including obligations and prerogatives to protect their labor force and industries from competition and ...
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This chapter explores particular domestic obligations of states in the domain of trade, including obligations and prerogatives to protect their labor force and industries from competition and obligations that arise in the context of dealing with authoritarian regimes. The grounds-of-justice approach dilutes contrasts between domestic and foreign policy. Governments must attend to matters of domestic justice, as well as make appropriate contributions to the global advancement of human rights and to trade justice. There are additional duties of justice and other moral duties that apply to states in domains such as immigration, climate change, or protection of future generations. The state has obligations to protect its labor force and look after its vulnerable citizens. But it also has duties towards people elsewhere. The challenge is to reap gains of cooperation in trade, culture, education, environmental protection, among others, while respecting the world’s many local peculiarities and making sure those gains do not accrue only to a few. The grounds-of-justice approach offers guidance for how to pursue these tasks.Less
This chapter explores particular domestic obligations of states in the domain of trade, including obligations and prerogatives to protect their labor force and industries from competition and obligations that arise in the context of dealing with authoritarian regimes. The grounds-of-justice approach dilutes contrasts between domestic and foreign policy. Governments must attend to matters of domestic justice, as well as make appropriate contributions to the global advancement of human rights and to trade justice. There are additional duties of justice and other moral duties that apply to states in domains such as immigration, climate change, or protection of future generations. The state has obligations to protect its labor force and look after its vulnerable citizens. But it also has duties towards people elsewhere. The challenge is to reap gains of cooperation in trade, culture, education, environmental protection, among others, while respecting the world’s many local peculiarities and making sure those gains do not accrue only to a few. The grounds-of-justice approach offers guidance for how to pursue these tasks.
Mathias Risse and Gabriel Wollner
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- November 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198837411
- eISBN:
- 9780191874116
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198837411.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory, Political Economy
Trade has made the world. Still, trade remains an elusive and profoundly difficult area for philosophical thought. This account of trade justice stresses the role of exploitation, emphasizing ...
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Trade has made the world. Still, trade remains an elusive and profoundly difficult area for philosophical thought. This account of trade justice stresses the role of exploitation, emphasizing philosophical ideas about global justice but also contributing to moral disputes about practical questions. The book is a philosophical plea for a new global deal, in continuation of, but also at appropriate distance to, postwar efforts to design a fair global-governance system in the spirit of the American New Deal of the 1930s. It is written in the tradition of contemporary analytical philosophy but also puts its subject into a historical perspective. The book covers the subject of trade justice, from its theoretical foundations to several specific issues on which this book throws light. The state as an actor in the domain of global justice is central to the discussion but the book also explores the obligations of business extensively, recognizing the importance of the modern corporation for trade. So, topics such as wages injustice, collusion with authoritarian regimes, relocation decisions, and obligations arising from interaction with suppliers and sub-contractors all enter prominently. Another central actor in the domain of trade is the World Trade Organization. The WTO needs to see itself as an agent of justice. This book explores how this organization should be reformed in light of proposals made herein. In particular, the WTO needs to endorse a human-rights and development-oriented mandate. Overall, the book hopes to make a theoretical contribution to the creation of an exploitation-free world.Less
Trade has made the world. Still, trade remains an elusive and profoundly difficult area for philosophical thought. This account of trade justice stresses the role of exploitation, emphasizing philosophical ideas about global justice but also contributing to moral disputes about practical questions. The book is a philosophical plea for a new global deal, in continuation of, but also at appropriate distance to, postwar efforts to design a fair global-governance system in the spirit of the American New Deal of the 1930s. It is written in the tradition of contemporary analytical philosophy but also puts its subject into a historical perspective. The book covers the subject of trade justice, from its theoretical foundations to several specific issues on which this book throws light. The state as an actor in the domain of global justice is central to the discussion but the book also explores the obligations of business extensively, recognizing the importance of the modern corporation for trade. So, topics such as wages injustice, collusion with authoritarian regimes, relocation decisions, and obligations arising from interaction with suppliers and sub-contractors all enter prominently. Another central actor in the domain of trade is the World Trade Organization. The WTO needs to see itself as an agent of justice. This book explores how this organization should be reformed in light of proposals made herein. In particular, the WTO needs to endorse a human-rights and development-oriented mandate. Overall, the book hopes to make a theoretical contribution to the creation of an exploitation-free world.
Mathias Risse and Gabriel Wollner
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- November 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198837411
- eISBN:
- 9780191874116
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198837411.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory, Political Economy
This chapter theorizes the normative role of states in the global order generally and in trade specifically. One challenge for a theory of multiple grounds of justice is that an assignment of duties ...
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This chapter theorizes the normative role of states in the global order generally and in trade specifically. One challenge for a theory of multiple grounds of justice is that an assignment of duties is not straightforward. A theory of global justice that recognizes multiple grounds requires a differentiated vocabulary to outline obligations for different agents, some designed to fit the role and importance of states for global justice, and some designed for other actors. The chapter develops the constrained agency perspective from Chapter 6 (which started to work with some of that vocabulary) for the role of the state within a pluralistic theory of global justice.Less
This chapter theorizes the normative role of states in the global order generally and in trade specifically. One challenge for a theory of multiple grounds of justice is that an assignment of duties is not straightforward. A theory of global justice that recognizes multiple grounds requires a differentiated vocabulary to outline obligations for different agents, some designed to fit the role and importance of states for global justice, and some designed for other actors. The chapter develops the constrained agency perspective from Chapter 6 (which started to work with some of that vocabulary) for the role of the state within a pluralistic theory of global justice.
