MARK MAZOWER
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202059
- eISBN:
- 9780191675126
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202059.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History, Economic History
This chapter discusses the government's trade policy in response to the financial crisis. As Greece began to feel the effects of the crisis, it became obvious that more direct state intervention in ...
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This chapter discusses the government's trade policy in response to the financial crisis. As Greece began to feel the effects of the crisis, it became obvious that more direct state intervention in trade, whether to promote exports or restrict imports, was required. Intervention could take many forms, ranging from the complete state monopolization of trade in certain commodities at one extreme to support for the private merchant at the other. Neither Liberals nor Populists were politically or ideologically prepared to abandon free trade in principle; as a result, the evolution of commercial policy showed rather clearly the equivocal way in which the economic crisis altered the balance of power between the state and private enterprise.Less
This chapter discusses the government's trade policy in response to the financial crisis. As Greece began to feel the effects of the crisis, it became obvious that more direct state intervention in trade, whether to promote exports or restrict imports, was required. Intervention could take many forms, ranging from the complete state monopolization of trade in certain commodities at one extreme to support for the private merchant at the other. Neither Liberals nor Populists were politically or ideologically prepared to abandon free trade in principle; as a result, the evolution of commercial policy showed rather clearly the equivocal way in which the economic crisis altered the balance of power between the state and private enterprise.
Leigh A. Gardner
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199661527
- eISBN:
- 9780191744877
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199661527.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Economic History, British and Irish Modern History
From World War One to the Great Depression, the global economic crises of 1914–38 were also crises for colonial administrations in Africa. By 1914 colonial economies were becoming dependent on the ...
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From World War One to the Great Depression, the global economic crises of 1914–38 were also crises for colonial administrations in Africa. By 1914 colonial economies were becoming dependent on the export of a limited range of commodities, and both producers and governments were affected when prices declined. This chapter examines the impact of these crises on colonial fiscal systems, focusing particularly on trade taxes. Though tariffs were initially imposed to raise revenue, demands from local producers for tariff protection brought colonial administrations into conflict with the British government, who hoped to use imperial preference in tariffs to encourage closer integration of colonial and metropolitan economies. Equally fierce debates occurred with regard to increased government involvement in export trade through marketing boards, and restrictions on colonial government purchasing. The chapter presents these debates from the perspective of colonial administrations in Africa.Less
From World War One to the Great Depression, the global economic crises of 1914–38 were also crises for colonial administrations in Africa. By 1914 colonial economies were becoming dependent on the export of a limited range of commodities, and both producers and governments were affected when prices declined. This chapter examines the impact of these crises on colonial fiscal systems, focusing particularly on trade taxes. Though tariffs were initially imposed to raise revenue, demands from local producers for tariff protection brought colonial administrations into conflict with the British government, who hoped to use imperial preference in tariffs to encourage closer integration of colonial and metropolitan economies. Equally fierce debates occurred with regard to increased government involvement in export trade through marketing boards, and restrictions on colonial government purchasing. The chapter presents these debates from the perspective of colonial administrations in Africa.
Roderick Floud
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780192892102
- eISBN:
- 9780191670602
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192892102.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Economic History
This chapter begins with a discussion of how trade policy was a central feature of the theoretical and practical debates which make up what is known as ‘political economy’. It then considers the ...
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This chapter begins with a discussion of how trade policy was a central feature of the theoretical and practical debates which make up what is known as ‘political economy’. It then considers the outcomes of free trade, foreign investment, and the Empire.Less
This chapter begins with a discussion of how trade policy was a central feature of the theoretical and practical debates which make up what is known as ‘political economy’. It then considers the outcomes of free trade, foreign investment, and the Empire.
Xavier Duran, Aldo Musacchio, and Gerardo della Paolera
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- March 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198753643
- eISBN:
- 9780191815232
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198753643.003.0013
- Subject:
- History, Economic History, World Modern History
This chapter uses new time series data to examine the industrialization in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Colombia since the early twentieth century. This allows the authors to uncover variation ...
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This chapter uses new time series data to examine the industrialization in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Colombia since the early twentieth century. This allows the authors to uncover variation across countries and over time that the literature has overlooked. Rather than providing a single explanation of how specific shocks or policies shaped the industrialization of the region, their argument is that the timing of the industrial take-off was linked to initial conditions, while external shocks and macroeconomic and trade policy explain the variation in the rates of industrialization after the 1930s, and favourable terms of trade and liberalization explain de-industrialization after 1990.Less
This chapter uses new time series data to examine the industrialization in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Colombia since the early twentieth century. This allows the authors to uncover variation across countries and over time that the literature has overlooked. Rather than providing a single explanation of how specific shocks or policies shaped the industrialization of the region, their argument is that the timing of the industrial take-off was linked to initial conditions, while external shocks and macroeconomic and trade policy explain the variation in the rates of industrialization after the 1930s, and favourable terms of trade and liberalization explain de-industrialization after 1990.
