James A. Mirrlees
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198295211
- eISBN:
- 9780191685095
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198295211.003.0012
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter discusses the theory of optimal taxation, without including a discussion on the optimization of macro-economic models that are used to treat several aspects of public policy. Information ...
More
This chapter discusses the theory of optimal taxation, without including a discussion on the optimization of macro-economic models that are used to treat several aspects of public policy. Information is considered as the central element in the theory. The discussion also includes two possible approaches in making well-based recommendations about public policy.Less
This chapter discusses the theory of optimal taxation, without including a discussion on the optimization of macro-economic models that are used to treat several aspects of public policy. Information is considered as the central element in the theory. The discussion also includes two possible approaches in making well-based recommendations about public policy.
Markus Haacker
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198718048
- eISBN:
- 9780191787461
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198718048.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
This chapter discusses the design of optimal HIV/AIDS responses. It traces the evolving meaning of ‘combination HIV prevention’ and the perspectives introduced under the UNAIDS ‘investment ...
More
This chapter discusses the design of optimal HIV/AIDS responses. It traces the evolving meaning of ‘combination HIV prevention’ and the perspectives introduced under the UNAIDS ‘investment framework’. Establishing an ‘optimal’ combination of HIV/AIDS interventions is an elusive task—there are multiple objectives, the slow disease progression and transmission dynamics mean that optimal spending patterns over a period need to be determined simultaneously, rather than one period at a time, and there is no obvious way of evaluating the endpoint—the state of HIV/AIDS and the HIV/AIDS response at the end of a policy period. The chapter discusses and develops best practice in assessing and improving the cost-effectiveness of specific HIV/AIDS programmes, by identifying the contributions of its components to outcomes and costs, and testing whether cost-effectiveness can be improved by re-allocating resources. The chapter closes with a discussion of some studies using optimization techniques more fundamentally.Less
This chapter discusses the design of optimal HIV/AIDS responses. It traces the evolving meaning of ‘combination HIV prevention’ and the perspectives introduced under the UNAIDS ‘investment framework’. Establishing an ‘optimal’ combination of HIV/AIDS interventions is an elusive task—there are multiple objectives, the slow disease progression and transmission dynamics mean that optimal spending patterns over a period need to be determined simultaneously, rather than one period at a time, and there is no obvious way of evaluating the endpoint—the state of HIV/AIDS and the HIV/AIDS response at the end of a policy period. The chapter discusses and develops best practice in assessing and improving the cost-effectiveness of specific HIV/AIDS programmes, by identifying the contributions of its components to outcomes and costs, and testing whether cost-effectiveness can be improved by re-allocating resources. The chapter closes with a discussion of some studies using optimization techniques more fundamentally.
