Leslie Martin, Kelly Haskard-Zolnierek, and M. Robin DiMatteo
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195380408
- eISBN:
- 9780199864454
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195380408.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Each year, millions of people resolve to take better care of their health and almost a billion medical visits take place. Yet as many as half of these visits result in patient nonadherence, and most ...
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Each year, millions of people resolve to take better care of their health and almost a billion medical visits take place. Yet as many as half of these visits result in patient nonadherence, and most people who successfully begin necessary health behavior changes fail to maintain them. Healthcare professionals often struggle to provide their patients with the tools necessary for successful maintenance of healthy behavior. This book synthesizes the results from an overwhelming number of empirical research articles on adherence and health behavior change, providing simple, powerful, and practical guidance for health professionals. A set of effective evidence-based strategies for putting long-term health-relevant behavioral changes into practice includes the straightforward 3-ingredient Information–Motivation–Strategy model that has been supported by decades of outcomes research. In order to change, individuals must (1) know what change is necessary information; (2) desire the change (motivation); and then (3) have the tools to achieve and maintain the change (strategy). Numerous clinical examples illustrate the important practice principles offered. Health Behavior Change and Treatment Adherence brings together major research findings in a succinct, readable, practical, and usable format for making real changes. It is written for a wide variety of practitioners and students including those in medicine, chiropractic, osteopathy, nursing, health education, physician assistant programs, dentistry, clinical and health psychology, marriage and family counseling, social work, school psychology, and care administration. This book is also for anyone who wishes to take an active role in their health.Less
Each year, millions of people resolve to take better care of their health and almost a billion medical visits take place. Yet as many as half of these visits result in patient nonadherence, and most people who successfully begin necessary health behavior changes fail to maintain them. Healthcare professionals often struggle to provide their patients with the tools necessary for successful maintenance of healthy behavior. This book synthesizes the results from an overwhelming number of empirical research articles on adherence and health behavior change, providing simple, powerful, and practical guidance for health professionals. A set of effective evidence-based strategies for putting long-term health-relevant behavioral changes into practice includes the straightforward 3-ingredient Information–Motivation–Strategy model that has been supported by decades of outcomes research. In order to change, individuals must (1) know what change is necessary information; (2) desire the change (motivation); and then (3) have the tools to achieve and maintain the change (strategy). Numerous clinical examples illustrate the important practice principles offered. Health Behavior Change and Treatment Adherence brings together major research findings in a succinct, readable, practical, and usable format for making real changes. It is written for a wide variety of practitioners and students including those in medicine, chiropractic, osteopathy, nursing, health education, physician assistant programs, dentistry, clinical and health psychology, marriage and family counseling, social work, school psychology, and care administration. This book is also for anyone who wishes to take an active role in their health.
Kieran T. Sullivan, Lauri Pasch, Kathrine Bejanyan, and Katherine Hanson
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195380170
- eISBN:
- 9780199864355
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195380170.003.0009
- Subject:
- Psychology, Health Psychology, Clinical Psychology
This chapter reviews the research on the effects of social support and social control on health behavior in intimate relationships. The authors apply the transtheoretical model of change to account ...
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This chapter reviews the research on the effects of social support and social control on health behavior in intimate relationships. The authors apply the transtheoretical model of change to account for variability in outcomes of support and control attempts. That is, the effectiveness of support and control attempts may be due, at least in part, to the accuracy with which the partner perceives the target spouse’s readiness to change and the extent to which the partner uses strategies consistent with the partner’s current stage of change. Exploratory quantitative and qualitative research is presented to support the proposed model.Less
This chapter reviews the research on the effects of social support and social control on health behavior in intimate relationships. The authors apply the transtheoretical model of change to account for variability in outcomes of support and control attempts. That is, the effectiveness of support and control attempts may be due, at least in part, to the accuracy with which the partner perceives the target spouse’s readiness to change and the extent to which the partner uses strategies consistent with the partner’s current stage of change. Exploratory quantitative and qualitative research is presented to support the proposed model.
Amanda Killoran and Mike P. Kelly (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199563623
- eISBN:
- 9780191722554
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563623.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Evidence-Based Public Health: Effectiveness and Efficiency continues the themes raised in Public Health Evidence: tackling health inequalities. Written by the same team, this book is a ...
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Evidence-Based Public Health: Effectiveness and Efficiency continues the themes raised in Public Health Evidence: tackling health inequalities. Written by the same team, this book is a comprehensive reference to evidence-based approaches in public health. It covers the context and role of evidence-based public health in England; frameworks for evaluating the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of public health policies and interventions; diversity, vulnerability and risk as a focus for understanding the role of social context in influencing health-related behaviours; approaches and methods to generate and synthesize evidence of what works to improve health and tackle health inequalities; current best available evidence on the effectiveness of a diverse range of interventions; and the role of evidence-based guidance and standards in changing policy and practice.Less
Evidence-Based Public Health: Effectiveness and Efficiency continues the themes raised in Public Health Evidence: tackling health inequalities. Written by the same team, this book is a comprehensive reference to evidence-based approaches in public health. It covers the context and role of evidence-based public health in England; frameworks for evaluating the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of public health policies and interventions; diversity, vulnerability and risk as a focus for understanding the role of social context in influencing health-related behaviours; approaches and methods to generate and synthesize evidence of what works to improve health and tackle health inequalities; current best available evidence on the effectiveness of a diverse range of interventions; and the role of evidence-based guidance and standards in changing policy and practice.
Saskia C. Sanderson, Christopher H. Wade, and Colleen M. McBride
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195398441
- eISBN:
- 9780199776023
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195398441.003.0025
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter describes and critiques the state of the science with respect to understanding how genetic information has been, and how genomic information might, in the future, be used to improve ...
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This chapter describes and critiques the state of the science with respect to understanding how genetic information has been, and how genomic information might, in the future, be used to improve health by encouraging health behaviors that decrease chronic disease risk. To this end, it reviews studies in which the impact of providing genetic information has been evaluated as a means to influence behavioral outcomes. It then identifies gaps in the research and recommends new conceptual and methodological directions to accelerate this field of research. Lastly, it recommends roles that social and behavioral science can play in the next generation of research to consider the translation potential of genomic information for public health benefit.Less
This chapter describes and critiques the state of the science with respect to understanding how genetic information has been, and how genomic information might, in the future, be used to improve health by encouraging health behaviors that decrease chronic disease risk. To this end, it reviews studies in which the impact of providing genetic information has been evaluated as a means to influence behavioral outcomes. It then identifies gaps in the research and recommends new conceptual and methodological directions to accelerate this field of research. Lastly, it recommends roles that social and behavioral science can play in the next generation of research to consider the translation potential of genomic information for public health benefit.
Gail Gaisin Glicksman and Allen Glicksman
David E. Guinn (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195178739
- eISBN:
- 9780199784943
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195178734.003.0016
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
In recent years a new approach to the study of religion in the social sciences has emerged. It differs from the classical approach in four important ways. First, it treats all specific religious ...
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In recent years a new approach to the study of religion in the social sciences has emerged. It differs from the classical approach in four important ways. First, it treats all specific religious traditions as subsets or specific expressions of some underlying domain that is universal across all groups. Second this new approach treats religion as generally beneficent, and in this way it differs from both those theoreticians like Durkheim and Weber, who saw a more complex relationship between religion and society, and those such as Marx and Freud, who generally took a negative view of the effect of religion. Third, adherents of this new approach claim to be able to identify a therapeutic effect of religion on the physical and mental health of individuals, treating religion as a “health behavior”. This chapter asks whether this new approach accomplishes the goals of its proponents. It examines the Jewish identities felt by American Jews sixty-five years of age and older as a test case.Less
In recent years a new approach to the study of religion in the social sciences has emerged. It differs from the classical approach in four important ways. First, it treats all specific religious traditions as subsets or specific expressions of some underlying domain that is universal across all groups. Second this new approach treats religion as generally beneficent, and in this way it differs from both those theoreticians like Durkheim and Weber, who saw a more complex relationship between religion and society, and those such as Marx and Freud, who generally took a negative view of the effect of religion. Third, adherents of this new approach claim to be able to identify a therapeutic effect of religion on the physical and mental health of individuals, treating religion as a “health behavior”. This chapter asks whether this new approach accomplishes the goals of its proponents. It examines the Jewish identities felt by American Jews sixty-five years of age and older as a test case.
Mary Schooling and Diana Kuh
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780192632890
- eISBN:
- 9780191723629
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192632890.003.0013
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Adult behaviours such as smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, and exercise are sources of risk for many chronic diseases and the need to change unhealthy behaviours remains a key aspect of health ...
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Adult behaviours such as smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, and exercise are sources of risk for many chronic diseases and the need to change unhealthy behaviours remains a key aspect of health promotion policies. The difficulty of changing adult behaviours has led to a growing interest in the origins and development of individual behaviours and healthy lifestyles. An interdisciplinary life course perspective seeks to integrate into a broad developmental framework alternative approaches to the study of health behaviour which currently focus either on individual characteristics or on the social context. This chapter reviews evidence for the long-term effects of the childhood social environment on adult behaviour and for role modelling and behavioural tracking, pathways through which behaviours are conventionally thought to be initiated and maintained into adult life.Less
Adult behaviours such as smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, and exercise are sources of risk for many chronic diseases and the need to change unhealthy behaviours remains a key aspect of health promotion policies. The difficulty of changing adult behaviours has led to a growing interest in the origins and development of individual behaviours and healthy lifestyles. An interdisciplinary life course perspective seeks to integrate into a broad developmental framework alternative approaches to the study of health behaviour which currently focus either on individual characteristics or on the social context. This chapter reviews evidence for the long-term effects of the childhood social environment on adult behaviour and for role modelling and behavioural tracking, pathways through which behaviours are conventionally thought to be initiated and maintained into adult life.
Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199270576
- eISBN:
- 9780191600883
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199270570.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, History of Economic Thought
Using two examples of research on health behaviour that combined quantitative and qualitative methods, this analysis shows that information that captures the perspectives of users can be at odds with ...
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Using two examples of research on health behaviour that combined quantitative and qualitative methods, this analysis shows that information that captures the perspectives of users can be at odds with the categories that predominate in demographic and public health analyses. The first case, from Egypt, illustrates the contradictory nature of the categories in which individuals are implicitly classified as consumer‐clients, citizens, or simply as individuals trying to find their way through a complicated system. It shows how these contradictory categorizations reflect the political context of health care. The second case, from Morocco, demonstrates how ethnographic research can question the relevance of survey categories such as users and non‐users of maternal health services. The research project found that the dichotomy between users and non‐users, which was crucial for statistical analyses, was challenged by evidence that detailed the more complex behaviour and attitudes of the majority of women regarding health care. Both cases show that integrating ethnography and statistical analyses can help reformulate research questions and lead to very different policy recommendations.Less
Using two examples of research on health behaviour that combined quantitative and qualitative methods, this analysis shows that information that captures the perspectives of users can be at odds with the categories that predominate in demographic and public health analyses. The first case, from Egypt, illustrates the contradictory nature of the categories in which individuals are implicitly classified as consumer‐clients, citizens, or simply as individuals trying to find their way through a complicated system. It shows how these contradictory categorizations reflect the political context of health care. The second case, from Morocco, demonstrates how ethnographic research can question the relevance of survey categories such as users and non‐users of maternal health services. The research project found that the dichotomy between users and non‐users, which was crucial for statistical analyses, was challenged by evidence that detailed the more complex behaviour and attitudes of the majority of women regarding health care. Both cases show that integrating ethnography and statistical analyses can help reformulate research questions and lead to very different policy recommendations.
Salvatore J. Babones (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847423207
- eISBN:
- 9781447303398
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847423207.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
Public health in the early 21st century increasingly considers how social inequalities impact on individual health, moving away from the focus on how disease relates to the individual person. This ...
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Public health in the early 21st century increasingly considers how social inequalities impact on individual health, moving away from the focus on how disease relates to the individual person. This ‘new public health’ identifies how social, economic and political factors affect the level and distribution of individual health, through their effects on individual behaviours, the social groups people belong to, the character of relationships to others and the characteristics of the societies in which people live. The rising social inequalities that can be seen in nearly every country in the world today present not just a moral danger, but a mortal danger as well. This book brings together the latest research findings from some of the most respected medical and social scientists in the world. It surveys four pathways to understanding the social determinants of health: differences in individual health behaviours; group advantage and disadvantage; psychosocial factors in individual health; and healthy and unhealthy societies, shedding light on the costs and consequences of today's high-inequality social models. This book brings together leaders in the field discussing their latest research.Less
Public health in the early 21st century increasingly considers how social inequalities impact on individual health, moving away from the focus on how disease relates to the individual person. This ‘new public health’ identifies how social, economic and political factors affect the level and distribution of individual health, through their effects on individual behaviours, the social groups people belong to, the character of relationships to others and the characteristics of the societies in which people live. The rising social inequalities that can be seen in nearly every country in the world today present not just a moral danger, but a mortal danger as well. This book brings together the latest research findings from some of the most respected medical and social scientists in the world. It surveys four pathways to understanding the social determinants of health: differences in individual health behaviours; group advantage and disadvantage; psychosocial factors in individual health; and healthy and unhealthy societies, shedding light on the costs and consequences of today's high-inequality social models. This book brings together leaders in the field discussing their latest research.
Thomas W. Valente
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195301014
- eISBN:
- 9780199777051
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301014.003.0002
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Epidemiology
Chapter two provides a brief introduction to the history of social network analysis research and notes that network research development was delayed in part by an over-emphasis on inferential ...
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Chapter two provides a brief introduction to the history of social network analysis research and notes that network research development was delayed in part by an over-emphasis on inferential statistics within the social science community. The chapter then reviews how major behavioral science theories have used social network concepts. The chapter closes with a brief literature review section on the public health and medical applications of network analysis. Studies of HIV/STD, substance use, family planning and contraceptive use, social support, and inter-organizational relations have all figured prominently in the past few decades.Less
Chapter two provides a brief introduction to the history of social network analysis research and notes that network research development was delayed in part by an over-emphasis on inferential statistics within the social science community. The chapter then reviews how major behavioral science theories have used social network concepts. The chapter closes with a brief literature review section on the public health and medical applications of network analysis. Studies of HIV/STD, substance use, family planning and contraceptive use, social support, and inter-organizational relations have all figured prominently in the past few decades.
Thomas W. Valente
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195301014
- eISBN:
- 9780199777051
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301014.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Epidemiology
Social Networks and Health provides a comprehensive introduction to how social networks influence health behaviors. Section one provides an introduction to major research themes and perspectives ...
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Social Networks and Health provides a comprehensive introduction to how social networks influence health behaviors. Section one provides an introduction to major research themes and perspectives used to understand how networks form, evolve, and channel the spread of ideas and behaviors. An intellectual history of the field is provided as well as conjectures on why network science took so long to develop. Methodologies for studying networks and assessing personal network data are discussed. Section two covers algorithms and applications of the most common network metrics divided into four chapters: centrality, groups, positions, and network level. For each chapter, descriptions of how the metrics are calculated and how they influence health behavior are presented. Section three reviews applications of social network analysis to health behaviors. The actor-oriented stochastic evolution model is presented first which provides a way to statistically test network evolution properties. Diffusion of innovations models are presented next which describe how networks influence the spread of ideas and practices within and between communities. Network interventions are also presented and a typology describing network interventions and evidence from empirical studies presented. This book enables researchers to understand how network data are collected and processed; and how to calculate appropriate metrics and models used to understand network influences on health behavior. Simple examples and data are presented throughout so researchers can adopt this methodology and perspective in their own investigations. Examples of health behaviors include smoking, substance use, contraception, HIV/AIDS, obesity, and many others.Less
Social Networks and Health provides a comprehensive introduction to how social networks influence health behaviors. Section one provides an introduction to major research themes and perspectives used to understand how networks form, evolve, and channel the spread of ideas and behaviors. An intellectual history of the field is provided as well as conjectures on why network science took so long to develop. Methodologies for studying networks and assessing personal network data are discussed. Section two covers algorithms and applications of the most common network metrics divided into four chapters: centrality, groups, positions, and network level. For each chapter, descriptions of how the metrics are calculated and how they influence health behavior are presented. Section three reviews applications of social network analysis to health behaviors. The actor-oriented stochastic evolution model is presented first which provides a way to statistically test network evolution properties. Diffusion of innovations models are presented next which describe how networks influence the spread of ideas and practices within and between communities. Network interventions are also presented and a typology describing network interventions and evidence from empirical studies presented. This book enables researchers to understand how network data are collected and processed; and how to calculate appropriate metrics and models used to understand network influences on health behavior. Simple examples and data are presented throughout so researchers can adopt this methodology and perspective in their own investigations. Examples of health behaviors include smoking, substance use, contraception, HIV/AIDS, obesity, and many others.
T. Kue Young
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195158540
- eISBN:
- 9780199864379
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195158540.003.0004
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter presents different models and pathways of health and introduces the concept of health determinants, which include genetic susceptibility, physical environment, personal lifestyles and ...
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This chapter presents different models and pathways of health and introduces the concept of health determinants, which include genetic susceptibility, physical environment, personal lifestyles and behaviors, and social, cultural and economic factors; explains how these factors interact in the life course of an individual; and utilizes a biopsychosocial model which connects the individual's psychoneuroendocrine and pscyhoneuroimmune mechanisms with the external environment in producing health and disease.Less
This chapter presents different models and pathways of health and introduces the concept of health determinants, which include genetic susceptibility, physical environment, personal lifestyles and behaviors, and social, cultural and economic factors; explains how these factors interact in the life course of an individual; and utilizes a biopsychosocial model which connects the individual's psychoneuroendocrine and pscyhoneuroimmune mechanisms with the external environment in producing health and disease.
L. J. Cooke, M. J. Jarvis, and J. Wardle
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198525738
- eISBN:
- 9780191724114
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198525738.003.0049
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter focuses on three aspects of health behaviour vital to the reduction of coronary heart disease (CHD): smoking cessation, increased physical activity, and improved diet. The successes ...
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This chapter focuses on three aspects of health behaviour vital to the reduction of coronary heart disease (CHD): smoking cessation, increased physical activity, and improved diet. The successes achieved at the population level in reducing tobacco use are not yet evident for unhealthy eating and exercise practices.Less
This chapter focuses on three aspects of health behaviour vital to the reduction of coronary heart disease (CHD): smoking cessation, increased physical activity, and improved diet. The successes achieved at the population level in reducing tobacco use are not yet evident for unhealthy eating and exercise practices.
Paul R. Smokowski and Martica Bacallao
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814740897
- eISBN:
- 9780814708798
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814740897.003.0005
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter examines the impact of cultural adaptation styles on the mental health, health, and adjustment in Latino immigrant adolescents and adults. Drawing on theoretical frameworks combined with ...
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This chapter examines the impact of cultural adaptation styles on the mental health, health, and adjustment in Latino immigrant adolescents and adults. Drawing on theoretical frameworks combined with empirical research on acculturation and health behavior, the chapter explores mental health differences between foreign-born Latino immigrants and U.S.-born Latinos. It shows that higher levels of assimilation are associated with negative health behaviors and mental health difficulties for both Latino adolescents and adults, and that Latinos who have become more assimilated to the host culture display higher levels of alcohol and drug use. It also considers how acculturation relates to youth violence, dating violence, self-directed violence, internalizing problems such as depression and anxiety, and sexual behavior.Less
This chapter examines the impact of cultural adaptation styles on the mental health, health, and adjustment in Latino immigrant adolescents and adults. Drawing on theoretical frameworks combined with empirical research on acculturation and health behavior, the chapter explores mental health differences between foreign-born Latino immigrants and U.S.-born Latinos. It shows that higher levels of assimilation are associated with negative health behaviors and mental health difficulties for both Latino adolescents and adults, and that Latinos who have become more assimilated to the host culture display higher levels of alcohol and drug use. It also considers how acculturation relates to youth violence, dating violence, self-directed violence, internalizing problems such as depression and anxiety, and sexual behavior.
Anne Ludbrook
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199563623
- eISBN:
- 9780191722554
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563623.003.020
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter addresses the evidence concerning the impact that fiscal policy has on health behaviour and the relative effectiveness of fiscal policy and other interventions. The evidence will be set ...
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This chapter addresses the evidence concerning the impact that fiscal policy has on health behaviour and the relative effectiveness of fiscal policy and other interventions. The evidence will be set out first for the case of tobacco control and will consider results from the literature and the application of fiscal policy in the UK. This will address questions relating to the impact of fiscal policy on overall smoking prevalence and on socio-economic inequalities in smoking prevalence. This example will then be compared with the situation relating to alcohol and other health behaviours. Before turning to the evidence, the following sections consider the theoretical basis for fiscal interventions and how evidence of the effectiveness and efficiency of such interventions is generated.Less
This chapter addresses the evidence concerning the impact that fiscal policy has on health behaviour and the relative effectiveness of fiscal policy and other interventions. The evidence will be set out first for the case of tobacco control and will consider results from the literature and the application of fiscal policy in the UK. This will address questions relating to the impact of fiscal policy on overall smoking prevalence and on socio-economic inequalities in smoking prevalence. This example will then be compared with the situation relating to alcohol and other health behaviours. Before turning to the evidence, the following sections consider the theoretical basis for fiscal interventions and how evidence of the effectiveness and efficiency of such interventions is generated.
Melvyn Hillsdon
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199569298
- eISBN:
- 9780191594427
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199569298.003.0010
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
Natural experiments occur when policy or the forces of nature conspire to produce environments where variations in exposure to health-promoting or health-damaging environments are ‘naturally’ ...
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Natural experiments occur when policy or the forces of nature conspire to produce environments where variations in exposure to health-promoting or health-damaging environments are ‘naturally’ allocated. This might include changes to housing provision, recreational facilities, supermarkets, or transport infrastructure. They are important as they provide an opportunity to evaluate the effects of the wider determinants of health in real-world settings where randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are not feasible. This chapter explores the relationship between the built environment and health behaviours. In particular, it focuses on the challenges and opportunities for evaluating interventions that have manipulated some aspect of the environment either directly or indirectly for health gain.Less
Natural experiments occur when policy or the forces of nature conspire to produce environments where variations in exposure to health-promoting or health-damaging environments are ‘naturally’ allocated. This might include changes to housing provision, recreational facilities, supermarkets, or transport infrastructure. They are important as they provide an opportunity to evaluate the effects of the wider determinants of health in real-world settings where randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are not feasible. This chapter explores the relationship between the built environment and health behaviours. In particular, it focuses on the challenges and opportunities for evaluating interventions that have manipulated some aspect of the environment either directly or indirectly for health gain.
Sheena Asthana and Joyce Halliday
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861346742
- eISBN:
- 9781447304258
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861346742.003.0009
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter focuses on three significant areas where health behaviour is markedly unequal in children and youth: diet and nutrition, substance abuse, sexual health, together with education and ...
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This chapter focuses on three significant areas where health behaviour is markedly unequal in children and youth: diet and nutrition, substance abuse, sexual health, together with education and employment. It discusses the evidence base of interventions targeting these areas and recent developments in policy and practice. It suggests that the growing interest in the relationship between childhood disadvantage and adult health has quite rightly addressed the neglect of early life influences in a literature previously dominated by a concentration on adult risk factors for chronic adulthood disease.Less
This chapter focuses on three significant areas where health behaviour is markedly unequal in children and youth: diet and nutrition, substance abuse, sexual health, together with education and employment. It discusses the evidence base of interventions targeting these areas and recent developments in policy and practice. It suggests that the growing interest in the relationship between childhood disadvantage and adult health has quite rightly addressed the neglect of early life influences in a literature previously dominated by a concentration on adult risk factors for chronic adulthood disease.
Roger Ingham and Debbie Smith
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199563623
- eISBN:
- 9780191722554
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563623.003.06
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter defines the important role of social context in influencing health behaviours and health. It focuses on the complex interplay between vulnerability, disadvantage, and sexual health among ...
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This chapter defines the important role of social context in influencing health behaviours and health. It focuses on the complex interplay between vulnerability, disadvantage, and sexual health among young people; mirroring national and international concerns. It considers: what is meant by the term sexual health and what the key public health concerns are; what is known about factors associated with poor sexual health; and what is known about how poor sexual health outcomes might be alleviated. It is shown that effective strategies for improving sexual health must address the underlying causes of vulnerability and risk among young people.Less
This chapter defines the important role of social context in influencing health behaviours and health. It focuses on the complex interplay between vulnerability, disadvantage, and sexual health among young people; mirroring national and international concerns. It considers: what is meant by the term sexual health and what the key public health concerns are; what is known about factors associated with poor sexual health; and what is known about how poor sexual health outcomes might be alleviated. It is shown that effective strategies for improving sexual health must address the underlying causes of vulnerability and risk among young people.
Sheena Asthana and Joyce Halliday
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861346742
- eISBN:
- 9781447304258
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861346742.003.0008
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter examines the influence of youth culture on social class differences in health behaviours. The findings indicate that problematic risk behaviours such as smoking and hard drug misuse ...
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This chapter examines the influence of youth culture on social class differences in health behaviours. The findings indicate that problematic risk behaviours such as smoking and hard drug misuse during youth are strongly associated with social deprivation and that dietary patterns during childhood and youth vary significantly according to socio-economic status. It also considers the impact of two factors of the socio-economic trajectories of children and young people: education and the experience of being in care.Less
This chapter examines the influence of youth culture on social class differences in health behaviours. The findings indicate that problematic risk behaviours such as smoking and hard drug misuse during youth are strongly associated with social deprivation and that dietary patterns during childhood and youth vary significantly according to socio-economic status. It also considers the impact of two factors of the socio-economic trajectories of children and young people: education and the experience of being in care.
Jan Abel Olsen
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199237814
- eISBN:
- 9780191717215
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199237814.003.0006
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter explores alternative interventions in people's health-related behaviour, for the purpose of making us choose a healthy diet, exercise more, and reduce the use of substances. It discusses ...
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This chapter explores alternative interventions in people's health-related behaviour, for the purpose of making us choose a healthy diet, exercise more, and reduce the use of substances. It discusses various direct regulations as well as indirect regulations through the price mechanism. Exercises and suggested readings are included at the end of the chapter.Less
This chapter explores alternative interventions in people's health-related behaviour, for the purpose of making us choose a healthy diet, exercise more, and reduce the use of substances. It discusses various direct regulations as well as indirect regulations through the price mechanism. Exercises and suggested readings are included at the end of the chapter.
Maria Kristiansen and Aziz Sheikh
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781474427234
- eISBN:
- 9781474438407
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474427234.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
Human happiness and well-being are, to a large extent, dependent upon the health of the individual. Similarly, healthy populations are an important prerequisite for societal progress and prosperity ...
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Human happiness and well-being are, to a large extent, dependent upon the health of the individual. Similarly, healthy populations are an important prerequisite for societal progress and prosperity (Marmot et al., 2010; World Health Organization, 2015). In order to maximise individual and societal well-being, it is important that the health of all members and sections – that is, irrespective of age, sex/gender, disability, ethnicity, faith or any other protected characteristic – is maximised. A growing body of evidence, however, points to substantial, persistent differences in health outcomes between different ethnic and religious groups. In this chapter, we discuss the health profile of Muslims living in Scotland, outline some of the factors shaping health among this diverse group and consider ways of addressing the healthcare needs of Muslims within the context of Scottish healthcare services.Less
Human happiness and well-being are, to a large extent, dependent upon the health of the individual. Similarly, healthy populations are an important prerequisite for societal progress and prosperity (Marmot et al., 2010; World Health Organization, 2015). In order to maximise individual and societal well-being, it is important that the health of all members and sections – that is, irrespective of age, sex/gender, disability, ethnicity, faith or any other protected characteristic – is maximised. A growing body of evidence, however, points to substantial, persistent differences in health outcomes between different ethnic and religious groups. In this chapter, we discuss the health profile of Muslims living in Scotland, outline some of the factors shaping health among this diverse group and consider ways of addressing the healthcare needs of Muslims within the context of Scottish healthcare services.
