Francis Wilson
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263471
- eISBN:
- 9780191734786
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263471.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This chapter considers the problems of economic transition in South Africa. It begins by discussing the country's economic problems and their historical roots. It describes some of the major factors ...
More
This chapter considers the problems of economic transition in South Africa. It begins by discussing the country's economic problems and their historical roots. It describes some of the major factors that helped to shape the South Africa which President Nelson Mandela inherited when he took office in 1994 and which the country's first democratic government has been attempting to reshape since then. Finally, the chapter assesses the ways in which a historical perspective illuminates the search for effective policies to resolve the problems.Less
This chapter considers the problems of economic transition in South Africa. It begins by discussing the country's economic problems and their historical roots. It describes some of the major factors that helped to shape the South Africa which President Nelson Mandela inherited when he took office in 1994 and which the country's first democratic government has been attempting to reshape since then. Finally, the chapter assesses the ways in which a historical perspective illuminates the search for effective policies to resolve the problems.
John L. Campbell and Ove K. Pedersen
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691150314
- eISBN:
- 9781400850365
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691150314.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter examines the political-economic problems that France faced in the aftermath of the Golden Age. These political-economic problems persisted and precipitated what some people described as ...
More
This chapter examines the political-economic problems that France faced in the aftermath of the Golden Age. These political-economic problems persisted and precipitated what some people described as a crisis of ideas within the state—the realization that the statist knowledge regime was too insulated and therefore suffered a lack of fresh thinking. In turn, policymakers began to encourage the development of new semi-public policy research organizations outside the state as well as new ones inside it in an effort to cultivate new ideas. This externalization strategy was very much a part of France's move away from dirigisme—central state-led economic development—and involved the gradual if partial separation of the knowledge regime from the policymaking regime, which earlier had been virtually indistinguishable from each other.Less
This chapter examines the political-economic problems that France faced in the aftermath of the Golden Age. These political-economic problems persisted and precipitated what some people described as a crisis of ideas within the state—the realization that the statist knowledge regime was too insulated and therefore suffered a lack of fresh thinking. In turn, policymakers began to encourage the development of new semi-public policy research organizations outside the state as well as new ones inside it in an effort to cultivate new ideas. This externalization strategy was very much a part of France's move away from dirigisme—central state-led economic development—and involved the gradual if partial separation of the knowledge regime from the policymaking regime, which earlier had been virtually indistinguishable from each other.
Lord Bullock and William Deakin
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198221142
- eISBN:
- 9780191678417
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198221142.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
Once the peace treaty was signed and the European leaders returned to their capitals, the most pressing problems they faced were financial and economic. The war had wrecked international finance and ...
More
Once the peace treaty was signed and the European leaders returned to their capitals, the most pressing problems they faced were financial and economic. The war had wrecked international finance and trade, it had distorted or destroyed productive enterprises, and non-European competitors had appeared in world markets who would be difficult to dislodge. The length and costs of the war meant that victors and vanquished alike were left with inflated money supplies, massive budgetary deficits, huge debts, and, in the case of most, collapsed or overstrained tax structures. The French, British, German, and, critically, the American positions were of central importance for the economic future of the continent as well as for the political balance of power. While the peace settlements cast a long shadow over Anglo-French relations, few anticipated that the long drawn-out struggle over German reparations would increasingly dominate European international relations during the early post-war years.Less
Once the peace treaty was signed and the European leaders returned to their capitals, the most pressing problems they faced were financial and economic. The war had wrecked international finance and trade, it had distorted or destroyed productive enterprises, and non-European competitors had appeared in world markets who would be difficult to dislodge. The length and costs of the war meant that victors and vanquished alike were left with inflated money supplies, massive budgetary deficits, huge debts, and, in the case of most, collapsed or overstrained tax structures. The French, British, German, and, critically, the American positions were of central importance for the economic future of the continent as well as for the political balance of power. While the peace settlements cast a long shadow over Anglo-French relations, few anticipated that the long drawn-out struggle over German reparations would increasingly dominate European international relations during the early post-war years.
Lily Geismer
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691157238
- eISBN:
- 9781400852420
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691157238.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
This chapter discusses how the 1972 election marked a key moment in moving the Democratic Party's center of gravity toward suburbanites on Route 128 and away from its traditional urban union base. As ...
More
This chapter discusses how the 1972 election marked a key moment in moving the Democratic Party's center of gravity toward suburbanites on Route 128 and away from its traditional urban union base. As knowledge professionals became an ever more crucial Democratic constituency, the shift created impediments to developing both political coalitions and policies that promoted organized labor. The 1972 election results along Route 128 ultimately demonstrate that scientists and engineers, and the issues that concerned them, had moved to the center of the party's new electoral coalition. At the center of the constituencies' priorities were now not just civil rights, environmental protection, taxes, property values, and opposition to the Vietnam War, but also inflation and especially unemployment. This set of concerns revealed that neither the 1972 election nor the Route 128 area was an outlier but a portent of the economic problems and political tensions of the decade to come.Less
This chapter discusses how the 1972 election marked a key moment in moving the Democratic Party's center of gravity toward suburbanites on Route 128 and away from its traditional urban union base. As knowledge professionals became an ever more crucial Democratic constituency, the shift created impediments to developing both political coalitions and policies that promoted organized labor. The 1972 election results along Route 128 ultimately demonstrate that scientists and engineers, and the issues that concerned them, had moved to the center of the party's new electoral coalition. At the center of the constituencies' priorities were now not just civil rights, environmental protection, taxes, property values, and opposition to the Vietnam War, but also inflation and especially unemployment. This set of concerns revealed that neither the 1972 election nor the Route 128 area was an outlier but a portent of the economic problems and political tensions of the decade to come.
MARK MAZOWER
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202059
- eISBN:
- 9780191675126
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202059.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History, Economic History
Greece emerged from a decade of wars (1912–22) completely transformed. The economic problems of Old Greece remained to be solved, but the solution was complicated by the tangle of new difficulties ...
More
Greece emerged from a decade of wars (1912–22) completely transformed. The economic problems of Old Greece remained to be solved, but the solution was complicated by the tangle of new difficulties and pressures inherited from wartime. This chapter examines that inheritance. Topics discussed include territorial and demographic changes, agriculture, industry, balance of trade, the cost of war, and the banking system.Less
Greece emerged from a decade of wars (1912–22) completely transformed. The economic problems of Old Greece remained to be solved, but the solution was complicated by the tangle of new difficulties and pressures inherited from wartime. This chapter examines that inheritance. Topics discussed include territorial and demographic changes, agriculture, industry, balance of trade, the cost of war, and the banking system.
Lawrence E. Blume and Steven N. Durlauf (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195162592
- eISBN:
- 9780199850495
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195162592.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic Systems
Derived from the 2001 Santa Fe Institute Conference, “The Economy as an Evolving Complex System III,” represents scholarship from the figures in the area of economics and complexity. The subject, a ...
More
Derived from the 2001 Santa Fe Institute Conference, “The Economy as an Evolving Complex System III,” represents scholarship from the figures in the area of economics and complexity. The subject, a perennial centerpiece of the SFI program of studies, has gained a wide range of followers for its methods of employing empirical evidence in the development of analytical economic theories. Accordingly, the chapters in this volume address a wide variety of issues in the field of economics and complexity, accessing eclectic techniques from many disciplines, provided that they shed light on the economic problem. Dedicated to Kenneth Arrow on his 80th birthday, this volume honors his many contributions to the Institute. SFI-style economics is regarded as having had an important impact in introducing a new approach to economic analysis.Less
Derived from the 2001 Santa Fe Institute Conference, “The Economy as an Evolving Complex System III,” represents scholarship from the figures in the area of economics and complexity. The subject, a perennial centerpiece of the SFI program of studies, has gained a wide range of followers for its methods of employing empirical evidence in the development of analytical economic theories. Accordingly, the chapters in this volume address a wide variety of issues in the field of economics and complexity, accessing eclectic techniques from many disciplines, provided that they shed light on the economic problem. Dedicated to Kenneth Arrow on his 80th birthday, this volume honors his many contributions to the Institute. SFI-style economics is regarded as having had an important impact in introducing a new approach to economic analysis.
John N. Horne
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201809
- eISBN:
- 9780191675027
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201809.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History, Social History
Although wartime reformism was engendered above all by the domestic impact of the conflict, international questions were vital to majority labour leaders throughout. This chapter examines the ...
More
Although wartime reformism was engendered above all by the domestic impact of the conflict, international questions were vital to majority labour leaders throughout. This chapter examines the relationship between international issues and the theme of the war as an agent of reform. There is a common assumption that in the international and domestic spheres, the war itself was a dynamic force which made any return to the pre-war world impossible. Moreover, the nature of and change in both spheres is perceived as intimately linked. International peace and an international attempt to regulate the economic problems generated by the war are the preconditions of plans for domestic reform.Less
Although wartime reformism was engendered above all by the domestic impact of the conflict, international questions were vital to majority labour leaders throughout. This chapter examines the relationship between international issues and the theme of the war as an agent of reform. There is a common assumption that in the international and domestic spheres, the war itself was a dynamic force which made any return to the pre-war world impossible. Moreover, the nature of and change in both spheres is perceived as intimately linked. International peace and an international attempt to regulate the economic problems generated by the war are the preconditions of plans for domestic reform.
Ian Scott and Newman Lason M. K. Lam
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9789888083282
- eISBN:
- 9789882209824
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888083282.003.0013
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
This concluding chapter examines the government's overall strategy in dealing with economic and social problems and examine the constraints and opportunities which will influence whether or not Macao ...
More
This concluding chapter examines the government's overall strategy in dealing with economic and social problems and examine the constraints and opportunities which will influence whether or not Macao can achieve a situation in which it not only maintains its impressive recent economic growth record but also resolves the problems that currently afflict it.Less
This concluding chapter examines the government's overall strategy in dealing with economic and social problems and examine the constraints and opportunities which will influence whether or not Macao can achieve a situation in which it not only maintains its impressive recent economic growth record but also resolves the problems that currently afflict it.
Merton Sandler and Geralyn M. Collins (eds)
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780192618108
- eISBN:
- 9780191724305
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192618108.001.0001
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Disorders of the Nervous System
Thirty per cent of all women and ten per cent of all men experience migraine. This crippling illness does not kill, but its high morbidity poses a massive economic problem and gives rise to ...
More
Thirty per cent of all women and ten per cent of all men experience migraine. This crippling illness does not kill, but its high morbidity poses a massive economic problem and gives rise to considerable suffering. Its main manifestation, headache, is subjective, and there are no animal models. This makes traditional research approaches difficult, and has led to a variety of research strategies. Chapters here present the numerous advances that have been made over the past two decades in our understanding of this disorder, and discuss in depth the position of migraine research today and the directions it will take in the future.Less
Thirty per cent of all women and ten per cent of all men experience migraine. This crippling illness does not kill, but its high morbidity poses a massive economic problem and gives rise to considerable suffering. Its main manifestation, headache, is subjective, and there are no animal models. This makes traditional research approaches difficult, and has led to a variety of research strategies. Chapters here present the numerous advances that have been made over the past two decades in our understanding of this disorder, and discuss in depth the position of migraine research today and the directions it will take in the future.
Chris Briggs
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264416
- eISBN:
- 9780191734342
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264416.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
In the previous chapters, the dominant view of the creditor-debtor relationship was exploitative – where lenders capitalize on the dependence of the poor borrowers. In this view, the creditors ...
More
In the previous chapters, the dominant view of the creditor-debtor relationship was exploitative – where lenders capitalize on the dependence of the poor borrowers. In this view, the creditors profited while the debtors become poorer as a consequence of their borrowing. This chapter discusses the nature and consequences of the relationships between creditors and debtors, both for the individuals involved and the village society as a whole. It seeks to rebut the above-mentioned observations. In this chapter, it is assumed that the acquisitive behaviour of the lenders has limits and that the exploitative nature of the credit system has boundaries. Although the idea of debt as a malign force has a long tradition within the history of European agrarian societies, this chapter presents a rather different picture of the credit-debtor relationship during the medieval period. Undeniably, the creditors generally profited from the credit system. However, most credit relationships did not result in negative consequences for the borrower. In the villages studied in this chapter, most people who were involved in credit did not experience serious long-term economic problems or exploitation from the creditors. This scenario suggests that many of the borrowers during the period were relatively wealthy with almost the same economic characteristics as those of the lenders. It also established that debtors generally are lessors wherein they lease their parts of land to pay for their debts instead of formally pledging their lands as collateral.Less
In the previous chapters, the dominant view of the creditor-debtor relationship was exploitative – where lenders capitalize on the dependence of the poor borrowers. In this view, the creditors profited while the debtors become poorer as a consequence of their borrowing. This chapter discusses the nature and consequences of the relationships between creditors and debtors, both for the individuals involved and the village society as a whole. It seeks to rebut the above-mentioned observations. In this chapter, it is assumed that the acquisitive behaviour of the lenders has limits and that the exploitative nature of the credit system has boundaries. Although the idea of debt as a malign force has a long tradition within the history of European agrarian societies, this chapter presents a rather different picture of the credit-debtor relationship during the medieval period. Undeniably, the creditors generally profited from the credit system. However, most credit relationships did not result in negative consequences for the borrower. In the villages studied in this chapter, most people who were involved in credit did not experience serious long-term economic problems or exploitation from the creditors. This scenario suggests that many of the borrowers during the period were relatively wealthy with almost the same economic characteristics as those of the lenders. It also established that debtors generally are lessors wherein they lease their parts of land to pay for their debts instead of formally pledging their lands as collateral.
Andrew Pettegree
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198227397
- eISBN:
- 9780191678691
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198227397.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History, History of Religion
This chapter examines the participation of Dutch towns in the Dutch Revolt of 1572. The revolt caused major economic problems, particularly with the fishing trade, and thousands of people were left ...
More
This chapter examines the participation of Dutch towns in the Dutch Revolt of 1572. The revolt caused major economic problems, particularly with the fishing trade, and thousands of people were left with no work and municipal charity was strained to the limit. This chapter suggests that if the Dutch revolt is to be seen as a military victory for the rebel forces and a spontaneous uprising, it should be noted that the Protestant exiles made significant contributions to this victory.Less
This chapter examines the participation of Dutch towns in the Dutch Revolt of 1572. The revolt caused major economic problems, particularly with the fishing trade, and thousands of people were left with no work and municipal charity was strained to the limit. This chapter suggests that if the Dutch revolt is to be seen as a military victory for the rebel forces and a spontaneous uprising, it should be noted that the Protestant exiles made significant contributions to this victory.
Ethan Schrum
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781501736643
- eISBN:
- 9781501736650
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501736643.003.0003
- Subject:
- Education, History of Education
Chapter 2 explores the work of Clark Kerr as a thinker and university leader. It examines the Inter-University Study of Labor Problems in Economic Development directed by Kerr, one of the largest ...
More
Chapter 2 explores the work of Clark Kerr as a thinker and university leader. It examines the Inter-University Study of Labor Problems in Economic Development directed by Kerr, one of the largest organized research projects in American social science during the postwar years. This study proposed a new theory of industrialism that informed Kerr’s thinking about universities. The Inter-University Study provides a window into its most important institutional contexts: the Institute of Industrial Relations (IIR) at UC Berkeley and the Ford Foundation’s Program in Economic Development and Administration. The chapter describes Kerr’s promotion of ORUs—first at the IIR, which he directed for seven years, and then across the Berkeley campus once he became chancellor. It also shows how his immersion in the administrative science movement shaped his view of the university’s mission. The chapter uncovers the sources of key ideas Kerr set forth in The Uses of the University.Less
Chapter 2 explores the work of Clark Kerr as a thinker and university leader. It examines the Inter-University Study of Labor Problems in Economic Development directed by Kerr, one of the largest organized research projects in American social science during the postwar years. This study proposed a new theory of industrialism that informed Kerr’s thinking about universities. The Inter-University Study provides a window into its most important institutional contexts: the Institute of Industrial Relations (IIR) at UC Berkeley and the Ford Foundation’s Program in Economic Development and Administration. The chapter describes Kerr’s promotion of ORUs—first at the IIR, which he directed for seven years, and then across the Berkeley campus once he became chancellor. It also shows how his immersion in the administrative science movement shaped his view of the university’s mission. The chapter uncovers the sources of key ideas Kerr set forth in The Uses of the University.
Fatiha Belmessous, Franck Chignier-Riboulon, Nicole Commerç, and Marcus Zept
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861347756
- eISBN:
- 9781447303237
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861347756.003.0010
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter provides an overview of the history of demolition of large housing estates in Europe. It considers the rationale and objectives for demolition and rebuilding in both a theoretical and ...
More
This chapter provides an overview of the history of demolition of large housing estates in Europe. It considers the rationale and objectives for demolition and rebuilding in both a theoretical and practical context, and discusses the implications of this practice for low-income households. The chapter considers the political context of the socioeconomic and spatial questions associated with demotion and rebuilding in order to illuminate the main goals of the European countries in terms of rebuilding. It explains that demolition and rebuilding were launched as a way to reintegrate large housing estates within the city and to resolve the social and economic problems associated with them.Less
This chapter provides an overview of the history of demolition of large housing estates in Europe. It considers the rationale and objectives for demolition and rebuilding in both a theoretical and practical context, and discusses the implications of this practice for low-income households. The chapter considers the political context of the socioeconomic and spatial questions associated with demotion and rebuilding in order to illuminate the main goals of the European countries in terms of rebuilding. It explains that demolition and rebuilding were launched as a way to reintegrate large housing estates within the city and to resolve the social and economic problems associated with them.
Roderick MacFarquhar
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780192149978
- eISBN:
- 9780191670084
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192149978.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter examines Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai's exposition of the economic burdens of his country at the Seven Thousand Cadres Conference. Zhou exposed three major problems, including China's ...
More
This chapter examines Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai's exposition of the economic burdens of his country at the Seven Thousand Cadres Conference. Zhou exposed three major problems, including China's parlous grain-supply situation, the relationship of that problem to the urban population, and the country's external liabilities. His gloomy outline of China's economic condition ensured that the most important immediate result of the conference was to unleash a flurry of activity among senior economic officials.Less
This chapter examines Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai's exposition of the economic burdens of his country at the Seven Thousand Cadres Conference. Zhou exposed three major problems, including China's parlous grain-supply situation, the relationship of that problem to the urban population, and the country's external liabilities. His gloomy outline of China's economic condition ensured that the most important immediate result of the conference was to unleash a flurry of activity among senior economic officials.
Stewart J. Brown
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199242351
- eISBN:
- 9780191697098
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199242351.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
This chapter deals with the continuing hopes and frustrations that the established Churches of Britain faced from 1841 to 1846. Sir Robert Peel, who was appointed Prime Minister, believed that there ...
More
This chapter deals with the continuing hopes and frustrations that the established Churches of Britain faced from 1841 to 1846. Sir Robert Peel, who was appointed Prime Minister, believed that there were real abuses that needed reform within the established Churches. His appointment offered hope to the established Churches that they would be able to gain support from Parliament. However, Peel's appointment was accompanied by other problems, including a severe downturn in the economy that resulted from poor harvests. Because of these, Peel was pressured (to increase church accommodation and Parliament support to the established Churches) by not only the church leaders, but also the parliament. Everything led to the resignation of Peel as Prime Minister, the conversion to free trade, and disruption of the established Church of Scotland.Less
This chapter deals with the continuing hopes and frustrations that the established Churches of Britain faced from 1841 to 1846. Sir Robert Peel, who was appointed Prime Minister, believed that there were real abuses that needed reform within the established Churches. His appointment offered hope to the established Churches that they would be able to gain support from Parliament. However, Peel's appointment was accompanied by other problems, including a severe downturn in the economy that resulted from poor harvests. Because of these, Peel was pressured (to increase church accommodation and Parliament support to the established Churches) by not only the church leaders, but also the parliament. Everything led to the resignation of Peel as Prime Minister, the conversion to free trade, and disruption of the established Church of Scotland.
Daniel P. Gitterman and Peter A. Coclanis
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807873359
- eISBN:
- 9781469602424
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807872895_gitterman.6
- Subject:
- History, Economic History
This chapter argues that people no longer think the economic problems of the American South merit special treatment—that there is no longer anything especially peculiar about the Southern economy. ...
More
This chapter argues that people no longer think the economic problems of the American South merit special treatment—that there is no longer anything especially peculiar about the Southern economy. Yet the South has long seen itself and been seen as a distinctive region within the American polity and for that reason has nurtured a long tradition of self-reflection, including economic self-reflection. That tradition has been bolstered by the fact that for most if not all of its existence as a self-conscious region, the South really has been peculiar in its institutions, especially with its chronic relative poverty and underdevelopment. In this regard, contributions such as the Southern Growth Policies Board's Halfway Home and a Long Way to Go and MDC's Shadows in the Sunbelt are heirs to a long tradition of economic commentary.Less
This chapter argues that people no longer think the economic problems of the American South merit special treatment—that there is no longer anything especially peculiar about the Southern economy. Yet the South has long seen itself and been seen as a distinctive region within the American polity and for that reason has nurtured a long tradition of self-reflection, including economic self-reflection. That tradition has been bolstered by the fact that for most if not all of its existence as a self-conscious region, the South really has been peculiar in its institutions, especially with its chronic relative poverty and underdevelopment. In this regard, contributions such as the Southern Growth Policies Board's Halfway Home and a Long Way to Go and MDC's Shadows in the Sunbelt are heirs to a long tradition of economic commentary.
Joseph E. Stiglitz
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262162494
- eISBN:
- 9780262281331
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262162494.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Econometrics
This chapter demonstrates how Keynes underestimated the pace of innovation as well as the rate at which capital could be accumulated and invested well. The possibility of solving “the economic ...
More
This chapter demonstrates how Keynes underestimated the pace of innovation as well as the rate at which capital could be accumulated and invested well. The possibility of solving “the economic problem,” as referred to by Keynes, is already on hand. If the more than $48 trillion dollar global GDP were divided equally among the earth’s some six and a half billion inhabitants, each would have approximately $7,000, more than enough to bring everyone out of poverty. What Keynes constantly failed to acknowledge is the issue of distribution. While most of those in advanced industrial countries have more than enough to meet their economic needs, approximately half of the world still live on less than two dollars a day, with some one billion still living on less than a dollar a day. These individuals confront the economic problem of subsistence day in and day out; our society—and Keynes—has failed to provide an answer for them.Less
This chapter demonstrates how Keynes underestimated the pace of innovation as well as the rate at which capital could be accumulated and invested well. The possibility of solving “the economic problem,” as referred to by Keynes, is already on hand. If the more than $48 trillion dollar global GDP were divided equally among the earth’s some six and a half billion inhabitants, each would have approximately $7,000, more than enough to bring everyone out of poverty. What Keynes constantly failed to acknowledge is the issue of distribution. While most of those in advanced industrial countries have more than enough to meet their economic needs, approximately half of the world still live on less than two dollars a day, with some one billion still living on less than a dollar a day. These individuals confront the economic problem of subsistence day in and day out; our society—and Keynes—has failed to provide an answer for them.
Allen Douglas
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520228764
- eISBN:
- 9780520926943
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520228764.003.0013
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter discusses the economic problems that plagued France during the 1920s and the economic discourse present is several articles published by the Canard. It shows that the Canard economics ...
More
This chapter discusses the economic problems that plagued France during the 1920s and the economic discourse present is several articles published by the Canard. It shows that the Canard economics was also part of the construction of the memory of the Great War. The first section examines the economic scapegoats or stereotypes of the war, which were the profiteers or mercanti. This is followed by a section on the alliance of millers, grain dealers, bakers, and farmers with the government authorities who were regulating them. The discussion also shows that the Canard was unafraid to pinpoint those they held responsible for high prices, and even recommended violent direct action, such as hanging and pillaging, against the profiteers. The chapter also covers the Canard's views on the monetary difficulties experienced in France, and introduces the concept of the economics of criminality.Less
This chapter discusses the economic problems that plagued France during the 1920s and the economic discourse present is several articles published by the Canard. It shows that the Canard economics was also part of the construction of the memory of the Great War. The first section examines the economic scapegoats or stereotypes of the war, which were the profiteers or mercanti. This is followed by a section on the alliance of millers, grain dealers, bakers, and farmers with the government authorities who were regulating them. The discussion also shows that the Canard was unafraid to pinpoint those they held responsible for high prices, and even recommended violent direct action, such as hanging and pillaging, against the profiteers. The chapter also covers the Canard's views on the monetary difficulties experienced in France, and introduces the concept of the economics of criminality.
Harold Wolman, Howard Wial, Travis St. Clair, and Edward Hill
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780801451690
- eISBN:
- 9781501709494
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801451690.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
In chapters 3 and 4 we move from quantitative analysis to our case studies. We undertook the case studies to provide a richer understanding of economic shocks, chronic economic distress, and ...
More
In chapters 3 and 4 we move from quantitative analysis to our case studies. We undertook the case studies to provide a richer understanding of economic shocks, chronic economic distress, and resilience, focusing particularly on the processes that occurred, the nature of interventions made by regional actors, and on their effects. Chapter 3 profiles the three less resilient case study regions (Cleveland, Detroit, and Hartford) In each case we describe their experiences with economic shocks and chronic distress and set forth the strategies, policies, and responses to shocks and chronic distress in which they engaged during our study period.Less
In chapters 3 and 4 we move from quantitative analysis to our case studies. We undertook the case studies to provide a richer understanding of economic shocks, chronic economic distress, and resilience, focusing particularly on the processes that occurred, the nature of interventions made by regional actors, and on their effects. Chapter 3 profiles the three less resilient case study regions (Cleveland, Detroit, and Hartford) In each case we describe their experiences with economic shocks and chronic distress and set forth the strategies, policies, and responses to shocks and chronic distress in which they engaged during our study period.
Sagarika Dutt
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719069000
- eISBN:
- 9781781701409
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719069000.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter examines identity politics and the Indian governments' response to the demands of ethnic and linguistic groups. It explains that despite the passage of the States Reorganization Act of ...
More
This chapter examines identity politics and the Indian governments' response to the demands of ethnic and linguistic groups. It explains that despite the passage of the States Reorganization Act of 1956 which accepted the linguistic principle, the problem of insurgency continues which often leads to state repression. This chapter argues that economic problems and aspirations have contributed to the insurgency problem in India. It also describes how globalisation has given an impetus to postmodern perspectives that focus on identity formation and question the basis of the state.Less
This chapter examines identity politics and the Indian governments' response to the demands of ethnic and linguistic groups. It explains that despite the passage of the States Reorganization Act of 1956 which accepted the linguistic principle, the problem of insurgency continues which often leads to state repression. This chapter argues that economic problems and aspirations have contributed to the insurgency problem in India. It also describes how globalisation has given an impetus to postmodern perspectives that focus on identity formation and question the basis of the state.
