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After the usual introduction to the terminology and early theory of the article among the parts of speech, this chapter gives a survey of the distribution of the definite article through non-Indo-European as well as Indo-European languages. It sketches the age and source (the demonstrative pronoun) of the emergence of the definite article in Greek, Latin, and Germanic, and then discusses its main functions and (Lecture 15) some special uses, including in combination with numerals and with pronouns, and when it is used to make a Noun Phrase from (e.g.) a noun in the genitive, a prepositional phrase, or an adverb. Lecture 16 is devoted to the omission of the article in (e.g.) forms of address, names, poetry, proverbs, idioms, and under foreign influence; the lecture concludes with brief remarks on the indefinite article.

After the usual introduction to the terminology and early theory of the article among the parts of speech, this chapter gives a survey of the distribution of the definite article through non-Indo-European as well as Indo-European languages. It sketches the age and source (the demonstrative pronoun) of the emergence of the definite article in Greek,Latin, and Germanic, and then discusses its main functions and (Lecture 15) some special uses, including in combination with numerals and with pronouns, and when it is used to make a Noun Phrase from (e.g.) a noun in the genitive, a prepositional phrase, or an adverb. Lecture 16 is devoted to the omission of the article in (e.g.) forms of address, names, poetry, proverbs, idioms, and under foreign influence; the lecture concludes with brief remarks on the indefinite article.

After the usual introduction to the terminology and early theory of the article among the parts of speech,this chapter gives a survey of the distribution of the definite article through non-Indo-European as well as Indo-European languages. It sketches the age and source (the demonstrative pronoun) of the emergence of the definite article in Greek, Latin, and Germanic, and then discusses its main functions and (Lecture 15) some special uses, including in combination with numerals and with pronouns, and when it is used to make a Noun Phrase from (e.g.) a noun in the genitive, a prepositional phrase, or an adverb. Lecture 16 is devoted to the omission of the article in (e.g.) forms of address, names, poetry, proverbs, idioms, and under foreign influence; the lecture concludes with brief remarks on the indefinite article.

Crito only saw Euthydemus. Socrates saddles him with another brother, Dionysodorus. The referents of the demonstrative pronouns used in the opening exchange between Socrates and Crito reflect the ambiguity of identity that is to come as the dialogue unfolds. As the scene is set, the significance of the seating positions of Socrates and Cleinias in relation to Euthydemus and Dionysodorus pave the way for understanding who might be “on the left” (sinister). Crito’s perception of Alcibiades’ cousin, Cleinias, as more advanced than his own son, reveals his concerns about Critobulus as a motivating factor in the outer frame of the Euthydemus. Meanwhile, Alcibiades’ presence in the background of the internal conversation suggests that the previous whereabouts of Euthydemus and Dionysodorus may be connected to the Peloponnesian War. Alcibiades’ notorious side-switching is the political analogue to their alternation between one argument and its opposite.