Geoffrey Parker
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197262788
- eISBN:
- 9780191754210
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197262788.003.0017
- Subject:
- History, Historiography
Michael Roberts, a distinguished historian of early modern Sweden, published a highly acclaimed two-volume history of Gustavus Adolphus (1953–8). He was elected Fellow of the British Academy in 1960. ...
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Michael Roberts, a distinguished historian of early modern Sweden, published a highly acclaimed two-volume history of Gustavus Adolphus (1953–8). He was elected Fellow of the British Academy in 1960. Roberts turned to the study of British foreign policy in the Baltic and published British Diplomacy and Swedish Politics, 1758–1773 in 1980. He was Professor of History at Rhodes University College in Grahamstown, South Africa before taking the Chair of Modern History at the Queen's University, Belfast. Obituary by Geoffrey Parker FBA.Less
Michael Roberts, a distinguished historian of early modern Sweden, published a highly acclaimed two-volume history of Gustavus Adolphus (1953–8). He was elected Fellow of the British Academy in 1960. Roberts turned to the study of British foreign policy in the Baltic and published British Diplomacy and Swedish Politics, 1758–1773 in 1980. He was Professor of History at Rhodes University College in Grahamstown, South Africa before taking the Chair of Modern History at the Queen's University, Belfast. Obituary by Geoffrey Parker FBA.
R. R. Palmer
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691161280
- eISBN:
- 9781400850228
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691161280.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter traces the conflicts faced by the aristocratic constituted bodies at the close of the Seven Years' War. Fighting had gone on for a generation interrupted by a few years of truce; ...
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This chapter traces the conflicts faced by the aristocratic constituted bodies at the close of the Seven Years' War. Fighting had gone on for a generation interrupted by a few years of truce; governments had accumulated great debts, which they had now to find means to carry or repay. The search by governments for new sources of income met with resistance from magistracies or assemblies in many countries. It therefore produced constitutional crises. “From the need for money, which put into motion the machinery of reforms, arose a great drama: the clash between autonomous entities and the central power, between local governing classes and foreign rule.” The discussions cover the quasi-revolution in France, 1763–1774; the monarchist coup d'etat of 1772 in Sweden; and the Hapsburg Empire.Less
This chapter traces the conflicts faced by the aristocratic constituted bodies at the close of the Seven Years' War. Fighting had gone on for a generation interrupted by a few years of truce; governments had accumulated great debts, which they had now to find means to carry or repay. The search by governments for new sources of income met with resistance from magistracies or assemblies in many countries. It therefore produced constitutional crises. “From the need for money, which put into motion the machinery of reforms, arose a great drama: the clash between autonomous entities and the central power, between local governing classes and foreign rule.” The discussions cover the quasi-revolution in France, 1763–1774; the monarchist coup d'etat of 1772 in Sweden; and the Hapsburg Empire.
R. R. Palmer
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691161280
- eISBN:
- 9781400850228
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691161280.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
The forces of aristocracy, which in some countries in the 1780s prevailed over democratic movements, prevailed in others over monarchy itself. This chapter takes up a thread left hanging at the close ...
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The forces of aristocracy, which in some countries in the 1780s prevailed over democratic movements, prevailed in others over monarchy itself. This chapter takes up a thread left hanging at the close of Chapter IV. It was shown there that, by the middle 1770s, or just before the American Revolution, the kings of France and of Sweden, and the Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, had asserted royal authority and put the constituted bodies of their several realms under restraint. The following fifteen years made clear the limits beyond which enlightened despotism could not go. However held down, the constituted bodies—estates, diets, parlements, and the like—had strong powers of survival and resurgence. This chapter deals mainly with the Hapsburg monarchy under Joseph II and Leopold II, with observations, since not everything can be told, on Prussia, Sweden, and Russia.Less
The forces of aristocracy, which in some countries in the 1780s prevailed over democratic movements, prevailed in others over monarchy itself. This chapter takes up a thread left hanging at the close of Chapter IV. It was shown there that, by the middle 1770s, or just before the American Revolution, the kings of France and of Sweden, and the Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, had asserted royal authority and put the constituted bodies of their several realms under restraint. The following fifteen years made clear the limits beyond which enlightened despotism could not go. However held down, the constituted bodies—estates, diets, parlements, and the like—had strong powers of survival and resurgence. This chapter deals mainly with the Hapsburg monarchy under Joseph II and Leopold II, with observations, since not everything can be told, on Prussia, Sweden, and Russia.
Cynthia J. Van Zandt
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195181241
- eISBN:
- 9780199870776
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195181241.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
In the 1650s the Susquehannocks were involved in virtually every important alliance in the mid-Atlantic region, and this chapter focuses explicitly on 17th-century North America from their ...
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In the 1650s the Susquehannocks were involved in virtually every important alliance in the mid-Atlantic region, and this chapter focuses explicitly on 17th-century North America from their perspective. It explores the roots of the Susquehannocks' alliance with New Sweden and with the Algonquian Lenapes. It argues that Native Americans sometimes sought to turn Europeans into tributaries and subordinates, and that they frequently used Europeans as tools in negotiating relationships with other native peoples. In the 1650s the Susquehannocks and the Lenapes launched an attack on Manhattan in part as retaliation for the Dutch assault on the Indians' European client, the colony of New Sweden. And once again, the experiences of Isaac Allerton illustrate the influence and scope of intercultural networks.Less
In the 1650s the Susquehannocks were involved in virtually every important alliance in the mid-Atlantic region, and this chapter focuses explicitly on 17th-century North America from their perspective. It explores the roots of the Susquehannocks' alliance with New Sweden and with the Algonquian Lenapes. It argues that Native Americans sometimes sought to turn Europeans into tributaries and subordinates, and that they frequently used Europeans as tools in negotiating relationships with other native peoples. In the 1650s the Susquehannocks and the Lenapes launched an attack on Manhattan in part as retaliation for the Dutch assault on the Indians' European client, the colony of New Sweden. And once again, the experiences of Isaac Allerton illustrate the influence and scope of intercultural networks.
Ryan M. Irwin
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199855612
- eISBN:
- 9780199979882
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199855612.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Political History, World Modern History
This conclusion begins with a vignette of Nelson Mandela’s release from prison in 1990. It then explores some aspects of the anti-apartheid movement that crested during the late 1980s, lingering on ...
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This conclusion begins with a vignette of Nelson Mandela’s release from prison in 1990. It then explores some aspects of the anti-apartheid movement that crested during the late 1980s, lingering on campaigns in Great Britain, Sweden, and the United States. The road between the postapartheid and postcolonial moments, however, was neither straight nor straightforward. The conclusion explicates some of the differences between the apartheid question in the 1980s and 1960s, and then reviews Gordian Knot’s central findings and restates its main arguments.Less
This conclusion begins with a vignette of Nelson Mandela’s release from prison in 1990. It then explores some aspects of the anti-apartheid movement that crested during the late 1980s, lingering on campaigns in Great Britain, Sweden, and the United States. The road between the postapartheid and postcolonial moments, however, was neither straight nor straightforward. The conclusion explicates some of the differences between the apartheid question in the 1980s and 1960s, and then reviews Gordian Knot’s central findings and restates its main arguments.
Paul Douglas Lockhart
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199271214
- eISBN:
- 9780191709616
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199271214.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
One of the largest states in Europe and the greatest of the Protestant powers, Denmark, in the 16th and 17th centuries was at the height of its influence. Embracing Norway, Iceland, portions of ...
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One of the largest states in Europe and the greatest of the Protestant powers, Denmark, in the 16th and 17th centuries was at the height of its influence. Embracing Norway, Iceland, portions of southern Sweden, and northern Germany, the Danish monarchy dominated the vital Baltic trade. However, its geopolitical importance far exceeded its modest resources. This book examines the short and perhaps unlikely career of Denmark as the major power of northern Europe, exploring its rise to the forefront of European affairs and its subsequent decline in fortunes following its disastrous involvement in the Thirty Years' War. The book focuses on key issues, from the dynamic role of the Oldenburg monarchy in bringing about Denmark's ‘European integration’, to the impact of the Protestant Reformation on Danish culture. The multi-national character of the Danish monarchy is explored in-depth, in particular how the Oldenburg kings of Denmark sought to establish their authority over their sizable — and oftentimes contentious — Norwegian, Icelandic, and German minorities. Denmark's participation in international politics and commerce is also investigated, along with the power struggle between Denmark and its rival Sweden over Baltic dominion, and the Danes' unique approach to internal governance.Less
One of the largest states in Europe and the greatest of the Protestant powers, Denmark, in the 16th and 17th centuries was at the height of its influence. Embracing Norway, Iceland, portions of southern Sweden, and northern Germany, the Danish monarchy dominated the vital Baltic trade. However, its geopolitical importance far exceeded its modest resources. This book examines the short and perhaps unlikely career of Denmark as the major power of northern Europe, exploring its rise to the forefront of European affairs and its subsequent decline in fortunes following its disastrous involvement in the Thirty Years' War. The book focuses on key issues, from the dynamic role of the Oldenburg monarchy in bringing about Denmark's ‘European integration’, to the impact of the Protestant Reformation on Danish culture. The multi-national character of the Danish monarchy is explored in-depth, in particular how the Oldenburg kings of Denmark sought to establish their authority over their sizable — and oftentimes contentious — Norwegian, Icelandic, and German minorities. Denmark's participation in international politics and commerce is also investigated, along with the power struggle between Denmark and its rival Sweden over Baltic dominion, and the Danes' unique approach to internal governance.
Asa Briggs
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780192129567
- eISBN:
- 9780191670022
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192129567.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Cultural History
This chapter describes the role of broadcasting in Germany's blitzkrieg attack in Europe. Though there were regular radio messages that broadcast the move of German forces, they were not able to ...
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This chapter describes the role of broadcasting in Germany's blitzkrieg attack in Europe. Though there were regular radio messages that broadcast the move of German forces, they were not able to accurately predict the true target of the Germans. This is because Holland, Belgium, Sweden, and the Balkans were all equally possible objectives of Germany. In addition, attention to German plans on the Western Front was diverted by both the German and by the Italian radio.Less
This chapter describes the role of broadcasting in Germany's blitzkrieg attack in Europe. Though there were regular radio messages that broadcast the move of German forces, they were not able to accurately predict the true target of the Germans. This is because Holland, Belgium, Sweden, and the Balkans were all equally possible objectives of Germany. In addition, attention to German plans on the Western Front was diverted by both the German and by the Italian radio.
Paul Douglas Lockhart
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199271214
- eISBN:
- 9780191709616
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199271214.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This chapter discusses Denmark's increased international significance during the Reformation. Topics covered include military resources, trade and foreign policy, rivalry between Denmark and Sweden, ...
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This chapter discusses Denmark's increased international significance during the Reformation. Topics covered include military resources, trade and foreign policy, rivalry between Denmark and Sweden, and confessional and dynastic interests.Less
This chapter discusses Denmark's increased international significance during the Reformation. Topics covered include military resources, trade and foreign policy, rivalry between Denmark and Sweden, and confessional and dynastic interests.
Paul Douglas Lockhart
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199271214
- eISBN:
- 9780191709616
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199271214.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This chapter focuses on Christian IV's foreign policies. Topics covered include Denmark's rivalry with Sweden, Denmark's role in German affairs, and the Emperor's War.
This chapter focuses on Christian IV's foreign policies. Topics covered include Denmark's rivalry with Sweden, Denmark's role in German affairs, and the Emperor's War.
Paul Douglas Lockhart
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199271214
- eISBN:
- 9780191709616
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199271214.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This chapter discusses the problems faced by the new regime following Christian IV's death. Topics covered include the aristocratic reaction to the transfer of power from Christian to Duke Frederik, ...
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This chapter discusses the problems faced by the new regime following Christian IV's death. Topics covered include the aristocratic reaction to the transfer of power from Christian to Duke Frederik, the bureaucratic state, foreign policy, the bloodless coup d'état in 1660, and hereditary and absolute monarchy.Less
This chapter discusses the problems faced by the new regime following Christian IV's death. Topics covered include the aristocratic reaction to the transfer of power from Christian to Duke Frederik, the bureaucratic state, foreign policy, the bloodless coup d'état in 1660, and hereditary and absolute monarchy.
Carly Elizabeth Schall
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801456671
- eISBN:
- 9781501704093
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801456671.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
Sweden is well known for the success of its welfare state. Many believe that success was made possible in part by the country's ethnic homogeneity and that the increased diversity of Sweden's ...
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Sweden is well known for the success of its welfare state. Many believe that success was made possible in part by the country's ethnic homogeneity and that the increased diversity of Sweden's population is putting its welfare state at risk. Few, however, have suggested convincing mechanisms for explaining the precise relationship between relative ethnic homogeneity/heterogeneity and the welfare state. This book acknowledges the important role of ethnic homogeneity in Sweden's thriving welfare state, but argues that it mattered primarily because political elites—especially social democrats—made it matter. The book shows that diversity and the welfare state are related but that diversity does not undermine the welfare state in a straightforward way. Tracing the development of the Swedish welfare state from the late 1920s until the present day, the book focuses on five historical periods of crisis. It argues that the story of Swedish national identity is a story of elite-driven hegemony-building and that the linking of social democracy and national identity colored the integration of immigrants in important ways. Social democracy could have withstood the challenge posed by immigration, but the faltering of social democratic hegemony opened a door for anti-immigrant sentiment. In the analysis of the relationship between immigration and the welfare state in Sweden, the book makes a compelling argument that has relevance for immigration policy in the United States and elsewhere.Less
Sweden is well known for the success of its welfare state. Many believe that success was made possible in part by the country's ethnic homogeneity and that the increased diversity of Sweden's population is putting its welfare state at risk. Few, however, have suggested convincing mechanisms for explaining the precise relationship between relative ethnic homogeneity/heterogeneity and the welfare state. This book acknowledges the important role of ethnic homogeneity in Sweden's thriving welfare state, but argues that it mattered primarily because political elites—especially social democrats—made it matter. The book shows that diversity and the welfare state are related but that diversity does not undermine the welfare state in a straightforward way. Tracing the development of the Swedish welfare state from the late 1920s until the present day, the book focuses on five historical periods of crisis. It argues that the story of Swedish national identity is a story of elite-driven hegemony-building and that the linking of social democracy and national identity colored the integration of immigrants in important ways. Social democracy could have withstood the challenge posed by immigration, but the faltering of social democratic hegemony opened a door for anti-immigrant sentiment. In the analysis of the relationship between immigration and the welfare state in Sweden, the book makes a compelling argument that has relevance for immigration policy in the United States and elsewhere.
Sverre Bagge
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780691169088
- eISBN:
- 9781400850105
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691169088.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, World Medieval History
This concluding chapter discusses the process of state formation in the three Scandinavian kingdoms between 900 and 1537. It shows that the Scandinavian political units formed by the end of the ...
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This concluding chapter discusses the process of state formation in the three Scandinavian kingdoms between 900 and 1537. It shows that the Scandinavian political units formed by the end of the sixteenth century were remarkably stable over the course of the following centuries despite a series of internal and external conflicts. Petty principalities formed within one kingdom as the result of dynastic divisions (or through other causes) did not develop into independent kingdoms, but either returned to their original units or remained in some kind of feudal subordination. The dynastic unions from 1319 onwards had their origin in the ambitions of the kings, together with marriage patterns and rules of succession introduced during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Sweden ceded from the union in the 1520s, quickly reestablishing its old borders with Denmark and Norway.Less
This concluding chapter discusses the process of state formation in the three Scandinavian kingdoms between 900 and 1537. It shows that the Scandinavian political units formed by the end of the sixteenth century were remarkably stable over the course of the following centuries despite a series of internal and external conflicts. Petty principalities formed within one kingdom as the result of dynastic divisions (or through other causes) did not develop into independent kingdoms, but either returned to their original units or remained in some kind of feudal subordination. The dynastic unions from 1319 onwards had their origin in the ambitions of the kings, together with marriage patterns and rules of succession introduced during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Sweden ceded from the union in the 1520s, quickly reestablishing its old borders with Denmark and Norway.
Jonathan I. Israel
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198211396
- eISBN:
- 9780191678196
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198211396.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History, Economic History
Although customs returns show that there was in fact no decline in actual levels of trade as yet, immediate prospects for the Dutch entrepôt looked precarious in the extreme. France, its army at a ...
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Although customs returns show that there was in fact no decline in actual levels of trade as yet, immediate prospects for the Dutch entrepôt looked precarious in the extreme. France, its army at a peak of readiness, was drifting towards war with the Dutch Republic and there was every likelihood that England or Sweden, or both, would join in the French attack. By early 1672, the Amsterdam Exchange was acutely jittery. Share prices began to slide. The English resumed their harassment of Dutch ships on the high seas. Finally, on the sixth of April 1672, Louis XIV declared war, mobilizing both his army and his navy and prohibiting all trade between France and the Republic. England followed suit the next day. A new phase, Phase Five in the history of the Dutch world entrepôt, had begun.Less
Although customs returns show that there was in fact no decline in actual levels of trade as yet, immediate prospects for the Dutch entrepôt looked precarious in the extreme. France, its army at a peak of readiness, was drifting towards war with the Dutch Republic and there was every likelihood that England or Sweden, or both, would join in the French attack. By early 1672, the Amsterdam Exchange was acutely jittery. Share prices began to slide. The English resumed their harassment of Dutch ships on the high seas. Finally, on the sixth of April 1672, Louis XIV declared war, mobilizing both his army and his navy and prohibiting all trade between France and the Republic. England followed suit the next day. A new phase, Phase Five in the history of the Dutch world entrepôt, had begun.
Dag Lindström
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719089695
- eISBN:
- 9781526104304
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719089695.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Social History
After having charted the transnational diffusion of a few specific leisure institutions and genres throughout Europe, the second section of the book departs from specific countries and analyses in a ...
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After having charted the transnational diffusion of a few specific leisure institutions and genres throughout Europe, the second section of the book departs from specific countries and analyses in a more focused way the central actors and factors involved in the selection and adaptation of a variety of leisure institutions. The first chapter analyses the introduction and development of theatres, restaurants, cafes, parks and promenades in three Swedish towns in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The three towns under study – Stockholm, Linköping and Norrköping – experienced similar types of development, but the chronologies and structures of change appear to have been very different. While the Swedish capital to some extent transmitted foreign cultural models to the provinces, provincial towns also appropriated several foreign innovations directly from abroad. Crucial actors in this process were foreign entrepreneurs, such as a German restaurateur opening a theatre or a Swiss entrepreneur starting up a confectioner’s shop. In Sweden, like elsewhere, the church appears to have been a key institution in inhibiting as well as promoting the adoption of international trends in leisure culture. After banning comedies in 1798, the church authorities in Linköping only seven years later took an active part in the building of a new theatre.Less
After having charted the transnational diffusion of a few specific leisure institutions and genres throughout Europe, the second section of the book departs from specific countries and analyses in a more focused way the central actors and factors involved in the selection and adaptation of a variety of leisure institutions. The first chapter analyses the introduction and development of theatres, restaurants, cafes, parks and promenades in three Swedish towns in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The three towns under study – Stockholm, Linköping and Norrköping – experienced similar types of development, but the chronologies and structures of change appear to have been very different. While the Swedish capital to some extent transmitted foreign cultural models to the provinces, provincial towns also appropriated several foreign innovations directly from abroad. Crucial actors in this process were foreign entrepreneurs, such as a German restaurateur opening a theatre or a Swiss entrepreneur starting up a confectioner’s shop. In Sweden, like elsewhere, the church appears to have been a key institution in inhibiting as well as promoting the adoption of international trends in leisure culture. After banning comedies in 1798, the church authorities in Linköping only seven years later took an active part in the building of a new theatre.
John Gilmour
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748627462
- eISBN:
- 9780748671274
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748627462.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This history of Sweden (Sverige) led by Per Albin Hansson during the Second World War (Andra världskriget) is intended both for English-speaking readers and Nordic readers in search of a key to the ...
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This history of Sweden (Sverige) led by Per Albin Hansson during the Second World War (Andra världskriget) is intended both for English-speaking readers and Nordic readers in search of a key to the extensive Swedish-language historiography of the period. It provides them with a history of Sweden’s war-time Beredskapstiden experience that is both comprehensive and up-to-date.The book is divided into two Parts. In Part I chapters 1 and 2 analyse and discuss the pre-war development of Swedish policies, institutions, society and culture . Chapters 3 to 5 offer a comprehensive narrative account of wartime events and Swedish interactions with the great powers. Chapter 6 examines Sweden’s trading activity with the warring nations. In Part II, Chapters 7 and 8 two areas of external incursion into Swedish life, espionage and propaganda, and Sweden dealt with them. Chapter 9 concerns incursions of a different kind, by refugees, and Sweden’s changing role as a haven in war-torn Europe. The military resources and deployments underpinning Sweden’s ability to defend herself from attack are described in Chapter 10. Chapter 11, the deeper impact of war. Finally, the development of Swedish historiography for the period and subsequent controversies over Sweden’s ambiguous role and actions outlined and debated in Chapter 12.Less
This history of Sweden (Sverige) led by Per Albin Hansson during the Second World War (Andra världskriget) is intended both for English-speaking readers and Nordic readers in search of a key to the extensive Swedish-language historiography of the period. It provides them with a history of Sweden’s war-time Beredskapstiden experience that is both comprehensive and up-to-date.The book is divided into two Parts. In Part I chapters 1 and 2 analyse and discuss the pre-war development of Swedish policies, institutions, society and culture . Chapters 3 to 5 offer a comprehensive narrative account of wartime events and Swedish interactions with the great powers. Chapter 6 examines Sweden’s trading activity with the warring nations. In Part II, Chapters 7 and 8 two areas of external incursion into Swedish life, espionage and propaganda, and Sweden dealt with them. Chapter 9 concerns incursions of a different kind, by refugees, and Sweden’s changing role as a haven in war-torn Europe. The military resources and deployments underpinning Sweden’s ability to defend herself from attack are described in Chapter 10. Chapter 11, the deeper impact of war. Finally, the development of Swedish historiography for the period and subsequent controversies over Sweden’s ambiguous role and actions outlined and debated in Chapter 12.
Peter Baldwin
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520243507
- eISBN:
- 9780520940796
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520243507.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter discusses the public health measures conducted by industrialized countries to control and prevent AIDS within the context of enacted laws on the reporting and control of infectious ...
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This chapter discusses the public health measures conducted by industrialized countries to control and prevent AIDS within the context of enacted laws on the reporting and control of infectious diseases. It shows the similarities and differences in the reaction of these nations and in the traditional and/or non-traditional public health approaches they have taken to conduct a surveillance of AIDS. The public health strategy conducted by Sweden and Germany (Bavaria) with regard to the AIDS epidemic is described in this chapter. Sweden and Bavaria were thus united in their decisions to apply inherited contagious disease controls to this new epidemic. This chapter also discusses the epidemiological aspects of notification, reporting and screening of AIDS, directed to both patients and physicians.Less
This chapter discusses the public health measures conducted by industrialized countries to control and prevent AIDS within the context of enacted laws on the reporting and control of infectious diseases. It shows the similarities and differences in the reaction of these nations and in the traditional and/or non-traditional public health approaches they have taken to conduct a surveillance of AIDS. The public health strategy conducted by Sweden and Germany (Bavaria) with regard to the AIDS epidemic is described in this chapter. Sweden and Bavaria were thus united in their decisions to apply inherited contagious disease controls to this new epidemic. This chapter also discusses the epidemiological aspects of notification, reporting and screening of AIDS, directed to both patients and physicians.
Maria Agren (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- December 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780190240615
- eISBN:
- 9780190240653
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190240615.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This book uses a substantively new research model and source base for studying the working lives of early modern men and women. With an innovative analytic method that is, in turn, yoked to a ...
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This book uses a substantively new research model and source base for studying the working lives of early modern men and women. With an innovative analytic method that is, in turn, yoked to a specially built database of source materials, the book revises many received opinions about the history of gender and work in Europe. The verb-oriented method finds the “work verbs” that appear incidentally in a wide variety of early modern sources and then analyzes the context in which they appear. By tying information technologies and computer-assisted analysis to the analytic powers—both quantitative and qualitative—of professional historians, the method gets much closer to a participatory observation of the micro-patterns of early modern life than was once believed possible. The book confronts a number of broad problems often debated by historians of gender and early modern Europe. First, it discusses the problem of assessing more accurately the incidence, character, and division of work. Second, it analyzes the configurations of work and human difference. Third, it deals with the extent to which work practices created notions of difference—gender difference but also other forms of difference—and, conversely, to what extent work practices contributed to notions of sameness and gender convergence. Finally, it studies the impact of processes of change: state formation, growing commercialization, and social differentiation.Less
This book uses a substantively new research model and source base for studying the working lives of early modern men and women. With an innovative analytic method that is, in turn, yoked to a specially built database of source materials, the book revises many received opinions about the history of gender and work in Europe. The verb-oriented method finds the “work verbs” that appear incidentally in a wide variety of early modern sources and then analyzes the context in which they appear. By tying information technologies and computer-assisted analysis to the analytic powers—both quantitative and qualitative—of professional historians, the method gets much closer to a participatory observation of the micro-patterns of early modern life than was once believed possible. The book confronts a number of broad problems often debated by historians of gender and early modern Europe. First, it discusses the problem of assessing more accurately the incidence, character, and division of work. Second, it analyzes the configurations of work and human difference. Third, it deals with the extent to which work practices created notions of difference—gender difference but also other forms of difference—and, conversely, to what extent work practices contributed to notions of sameness and gender convergence. Finally, it studies the impact of processes of change: state formation, growing commercialization, and social differentiation.
Carly Elizabeth Schall
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801456671
- eISBN:
- 9781501704093
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801456671.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This introductory chapter presents an overview of the Swedish welfare state and the theoretical frameworks that inform this study. It asserts that Sweden's economic development was the product of a ...
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This introductory chapter presents an overview of the Swedish welfare state and the theoretical frameworks that inform this study. It asserts that Sweden's economic development was the product of a miraculous welfare machine, and that the argument many make as to its progress is simple: homogeneity is good for welfare states, and heterogeneity is bad. Indeed, this outlook is further reinforced by the classic counterexample of the United States and the effects of heterogeneity on its own welfare-state growth. The chapter argues, however, that the links between ethnic homogeneity and the welfare state are contestable; understanding the relationship between ethnicity, race, and the welfare state, therefore, requires attention to how ethnicity enters into labor movements and into politics at the historical moments that matter for the welfare state's development.Less
This introductory chapter presents an overview of the Swedish welfare state and the theoretical frameworks that inform this study. It asserts that Sweden's economic development was the product of a miraculous welfare machine, and that the argument many make as to its progress is simple: homogeneity is good for welfare states, and heterogeneity is bad. Indeed, this outlook is further reinforced by the classic counterexample of the United States and the effects of heterogeneity on its own welfare-state growth. The chapter argues, however, that the links between ethnic homogeneity and the welfare state are contestable; understanding the relationship between ethnicity, race, and the welfare state, therefore, requires attention to how ethnicity enters into labor movements and into politics at the historical moments that matter for the welfare state's development.
Donald S. Prudlo
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801454035
- eISBN:
- 9781501701535
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801454035.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This chapter argues that papal infallibility in solemn canonization was the result of a dynamic process. From the papal perspective, the early 1170s saw two significant events in the history of ...
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This chapter argues that papal infallibility in solemn canonization was the result of a dynamic process. From the papal perspective, the early 1170s saw two significant events in the history of Christian sainthood. The murder of St. Thomas Becket at Canterbury and the papal repudiation of the cult of St. Eric of Sweden were to have profound consequences for the development of canonization. They set in motion the centralization and solemnization of canonizations in the hands of the papacy, a long and arduous process that would not be completed for almost five centuries. This chapter first provides an overview of the social and cultural contexts of heresy in relation to the veneration of saints before discussing the elaboration of persons whom Cathars emphatically considered not to be in heaven. It also looks at the Waldensians' critique of the communion of the saints.Less
This chapter argues that papal infallibility in solemn canonization was the result of a dynamic process. From the papal perspective, the early 1170s saw two significant events in the history of Christian sainthood. The murder of St. Thomas Becket at Canterbury and the papal repudiation of the cult of St. Eric of Sweden were to have profound consequences for the development of canonization. They set in motion the centralization and solemnization of canonizations in the hands of the papacy, a long and arduous process that would not be completed for almost five centuries. This chapter first provides an overview of the social and cultural contexts of heresy in relation to the veneration of saints before discussing the elaboration of persons whom Cathars emphatically considered not to be in heaven. It also looks at the Waldensians' critique of the communion of the saints.
Elizabeth Casteen
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801453861
- eISBN:
- 9781501701009
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801453861.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This chapter considers Johanna’s reputation as a paragon of queenly virtue and friend to saints. Her firm political adherence to the papacy and rhetorical self-styling as the pope’s loyal vassal ...
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This chapter considers Johanna’s reputation as a paragon of queenly virtue and friend to saints. Her firm political adherence to the papacy and rhetorical self-styling as the pope’s loyal vassal reshaped her reputation, so that in papal rhetoric, Johanna had become the filia peramantissima—the most deeply loving daughter—of the Church. Her friendship with Birgitta of Sweden (1303–73), the founder of the Birgittine order, added a new dimension to her reputation for piety, allowing her to represent herself as the friend and protector of saintly women even as she came to be sought out by women striving to demonstrate their sanctity. Johanna’s efforts to associate herself with sanctity adhered to established Angevin models of self-presentation. Indeed, her reputation as a legitimate sovereign hinged on her assertion of a distinctively Angevin identity that drew on and adapted her forebears’ legacy of sacral kingship and active piety.Less
This chapter considers Johanna’s reputation as a paragon of queenly virtue and friend to saints. Her firm political adherence to the papacy and rhetorical self-styling as the pope’s loyal vassal reshaped her reputation, so that in papal rhetoric, Johanna had become the filia peramantissima—the most deeply loving daughter—of the Church. Her friendship with Birgitta of Sweden (1303–73), the founder of the Birgittine order, added a new dimension to her reputation for piety, allowing her to represent herself as the friend and protector of saintly women even as she came to be sought out by women striving to demonstrate their sanctity. Johanna’s efforts to associate herself with sanctity adhered to established Angevin models of self-presentation. Indeed, her reputation as a legitimate sovereign hinged on her assertion of a distinctively Angevin identity that drew on and adapted her forebears’ legacy of sacral kingship and active piety.
