Luc Bovens and Stephan Hartmann
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199269754
- eISBN:
- 9780191601705
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199269750.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
Probabilistic models have much to offer to epistemology and philosophy of science. Arguably, the coherence theory of justification claims that the more coherent a set of propositions is, the more ...
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Probabilistic models have much to offer to epistemology and philosophy of science. Arguably, the coherence theory of justification claims that the more coherent a set of propositions is, the more confident one ought to be in its content, ceteris paribus. An impossibility result shows that there cannot exist a coherence ordering. A coherence quasi-ordering can be constructed that respects this claim and is relevant to scientific-theory choice. Bayesian-Network models of the reliability of information sources are made applicable to Condorcet-style jury voting, Tversky and Kahneman’s Linda puzzle, the variety-of-evidence thesis, the Duhem–Quine thesis, and the informational value of testimony.Less
Probabilistic models have much to offer to epistemology and philosophy of science. Arguably, the coherence theory of justification claims that the more coherent a set of propositions is, the more confident one ought to be in its content, ceteris paribus. An impossibility result shows that there cannot exist a coherence ordering. A coherence quasi-ordering can be constructed that respects this claim and is relevant to scientific-theory choice. Bayesian-Network models of the reliability of information sources are made applicable to Condorcet-style jury voting, Tversky and Kahneman’s Linda puzzle, the variety-of-evidence thesis, the Duhem–Quine thesis, and the informational value of testimony.
Joseph Henrich, Robert Boyd, Samuel Bowles, Colin F. Camerer, Ernst Fehr, and Herbert Gintis
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199262052
- eISBN:
- 9780191601637
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199262055.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Microeconomics
The origin and history of the (social) Preferences Network research project whose results are reported in the book is described. It is one of the research networks in the MacArthur Foundation style ...
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The origin and history of the (social) Preferences Network research project whose results are reported in the book is described. It is one of the research networks in the MacArthur Foundation style of MacArthur Economics Networks founded in 1993, and aimed to bring together economists, anthropologists, psychologists, and other behavioural scientists to develop systematically richer models of preferences according to which people take account of the effects of their actions on themselves and others, and in which the process determining outcomes matters as well as the outcomes themselves. Experimental economics played a large role in this particular network, which to start with was based on work (rooted in the logic of game theory) with undergraduate students, but then expanded into the cross‐cultural behavioural experiments project reported in the book. The chapter also presents a short outline of the structure of the volume.Less
The origin and history of the (social) Preferences Network research project whose results are reported in the book is described. It is one of the research networks in the MacArthur Foundation style of MacArthur Economics Networks founded in 1993, and aimed to bring together economists, anthropologists, psychologists, and other behavioural scientists to develop systematically richer models of preferences according to which people take account of the effects of their actions on themselves and others, and in which the process determining outcomes matters as well as the outcomes themselves. Experimental economics played a large role in this particular network, which to start with was based on work (rooted in the logic of game theory) with undergraduate students, but then expanded into the cross‐cultural behavioural experiments project reported in the book. The chapter also presents a short outline of the structure of the volume.
Finn Brunton and Helen Nissenbaum
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262029735
- eISBN:
- 9780262331319
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262029735.001.0001
- Subject:
- Information Science, Information Science
This is a book about obfuscation: the production of noise modeled on an existing signal in order to make a collection of data more ambiguous, confusing, harder to exploit, more difficult to act on, ...
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This is a book about obfuscation: the production of noise modeled on an existing signal in order to make a collection of data more ambiguous, confusing, harder to exploit, more difficult to act on, and therefore less valuable. It is a tool for defending and expanding digital privacy against data surveillance, and protesting the unjust collection or misuse of data. The authors provide strategies and an argument for evasion, noncompliance, refusal, even sabotage, particularly for average users not in a position to opt out or exert control over data about themselves. Obfuscation also has applications for groups -- from software developers to policymakers -- who want to collect and apply data without the possibility of its future misuse. The book offers many examples, case histories, and arguments about the nature, function, and promise of obfuscation: why it is necessary, whether it is justified, how it works, and how it can be integrated with other privacy practices and technologies.Less
This is a book about obfuscation: the production of noise modeled on an existing signal in order to make a collection of data more ambiguous, confusing, harder to exploit, more difficult to act on, and therefore less valuable. It is a tool for defending and expanding digital privacy against data surveillance, and protesting the unjust collection or misuse of data. The authors provide strategies and an argument for evasion, noncompliance, refusal, even sabotage, particularly for average users not in a position to opt out or exert control over data about themselves. Obfuscation also has applications for groups -- from software developers to policymakers -- who want to collect and apply data without the possibility of its future misuse. The book offers many examples, case histories, and arguments about the nature, function, and promise of obfuscation: why it is necessary, whether it is justified, how it works, and how it can be integrated with other privacy practices and technologies.
Adelyn Lim
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9789888139378
- eISBN:
- 9789888313174
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888139378.003.0004
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Gender Studies
This chapter discusses violence against women in the context of broader pro-Beijing and pro-democracy movements. In Hong Kong, the significance of the political transition is apparent in the ...
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This chapter discusses violence against women in the context of broader pro-Beijing and pro-democracy movements. In Hong Kong, the significance of the political transition is apparent in the development of oppositional politics, characterized by movements enabling the collective contestation of economic and political power relations, organizing to articulate oppositional and competing frames of democracy, human rights, and feminism, and maintaining freedoms of speech, assembly, and the press. The Hong Kong Women's Coalition on Equal Opportunities is the most prominent coalition of rights-based, grassroots-oriented women's groups, albeit diverse feminist organizational forms, rhetoric, and strategies. In contrast, the Hong Kong Federation of Women unites and propagates patriotic and nationalist passions among women's groups. Both coalitions have common concerns about local women's issues but they rely on different economic, political, and social networks and employ opposing rhetoric and strategies. Given the hierarchical, corporatist dimensions of the Hong Kong government and its complex interactions with the Beijing government, feminist engagement with state institutions and processes is always combined with efforts to maintain broader transformatory struggle and movement-oriented activism.Less
This chapter discusses violence against women in the context of broader pro-Beijing and pro-democracy movements. In Hong Kong, the significance of the political transition is apparent in the development of oppositional politics, characterized by movements enabling the collective contestation of economic and political power relations, organizing to articulate oppositional and competing frames of democracy, human rights, and feminism, and maintaining freedoms of speech, assembly, and the press. The Hong Kong Women's Coalition on Equal Opportunities is the most prominent coalition of rights-based, grassroots-oriented women's groups, albeit diverse feminist organizational forms, rhetoric, and strategies. In contrast, the Hong Kong Federation of Women unites and propagates patriotic and nationalist passions among women's groups. Both coalitions have common concerns about local women's issues but they rely on different economic, political, and social networks and employ opposing rhetoric and strategies. Given the hierarchical, corporatist dimensions of the Hong Kong government and its complex interactions with the Beijing government, feminist engagement with state institutions and processes is always combined with efforts to maintain broader transformatory struggle and movement-oriented activism.
Naomi Paxton
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781526114785
- eISBN:
- 9781526139054
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526114785.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Drama
This book provides the first detailed account of the work of the Actresses' Franchise League, taking the story of the organisation further than ever before. Formulated as a historiographically ...
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This book provides the first detailed account of the work of the Actresses' Franchise League, taking the story of the organisation further than ever before. Formulated as a historiographically innovative critical biography of the League over the fifty years of the organisation’s activities, this book invites a total reassessment of the League within both 20th Century industry networks and accepted narratives of the development of political theatre in the UK. Making a genuine contribution to both theatre and suffrage histories, this book looks in detail at the performative propaganda of the suffrage movement and the role of feminist actresses as activists during and after the campaign for Votes for Women. It explores the extensive networks of political and theatrical activism and social campaigning through which suffragist performers, playwrights and producers shaped their careers, and reveals how determined the Actresses' Franchise League was to be visible in public space, and to create equal opportunities for women in the theatre industry. Drawing on archival material, this book shows how members and allies of the League addressed a broad range of political and social issues through their work, how they presented and represented women and womanhood, and how the organisation, formed and embedded in the Edwardian period, diversified during and after the First and Second World Wars.Less
This book provides the first detailed account of the work of the Actresses' Franchise League, taking the story of the organisation further than ever before. Formulated as a historiographically innovative critical biography of the League over the fifty years of the organisation’s activities, this book invites a total reassessment of the League within both 20th Century industry networks and accepted narratives of the development of political theatre in the UK. Making a genuine contribution to both theatre and suffrage histories, this book looks in detail at the performative propaganda of the suffrage movement and the role of feminist actresses as activists during and after the campaign for Votes for Women. It explores the extensive networks of political and theatrical activism and social campaigning through which suffragist performers, playwrights and producers shaped their careers, and reveals how determined the Actresses' Franchise League was to be visible in public space, and to create equal opportunities for women in the theatre industry. Drawing on archival material, this book shows how members and allies of the League addressed a broad range of political and social issues through their work, how they presented and represented women and womanhood, and how the organisation, formed and embedded in the Edwardian period, diversified during and after the First and Second World Wars.
Tamson Pietsch
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780719085024
- eISBN:
- 9781781705889
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719085024.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
At the start of the twenty-first century we are acutely conscious that universities operate within an entangled world of international scholarly connection. Empire of scholars examines the networks ...
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At the start of the twenty-first century we are acutely conscious that universities operate within an entangled world of international scholarly connection. Empire of scholars examines the networks that linked academics in Britain and the settler world in the age of ‘Victorian’ globalization. It argues that long-distance personal connections were crucial to the ways late nineteenth and early twentieth century universities operated and central to the making of knowledge in them, and shows that such networks created an expansive but exclusionary ‘British academic world’ that extended far beyond the borders of the British Isles. Drawing on extensive archival research, this book remaps the intellectual geographies of Britain and its empire. In doing so, it provides a new context for writing the history of ideas and offers a critical analysis of the connections that helped fashion the global world of universities today.Less
At the start of the twenty-first century we are acutely conscious that universities operate within an entangled world of international scholarly connection. Empire of scholars examines the networks that linked academics in Britain and the settler world in the age of ‘Victorian’ globalization. It argues that long-distance personal connections were crucial to the ways late nineteenth and early twentieth century universities operated and central to the making of knowledge in them, and shows that such networks created an expansive but exclusionary ‘British academic world’ that extended far beyond the borders of the British Isles. Drawing on extensive archival research, this book remaps the intellectual geographies of Britain and its empire. In doing so, it provides a new context for writing the history of ideas and offers a critical analysis of the connections that helped fashion the global world of universities today.
Katherine Pickering Antonova
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199796991
- eISBN:
- 9780199979721
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199796991.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History, Family History
Chapter 2 examines the Chikhachevs’ world beyond the boundaries of their estates and the village by exploring their relations with their social peers, through the patronage networks of which they ...
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Chapter 2 examines the Chikhachevs’ world beyond the boundaries of their estates and the village by exploring their relations with their social peers, through the patronage networks of which they were part, and with the middling or undefined social estates with whom the Chikhachevs most frequently interacted in daily affairs that were both commercial/official and social in nature. This chapter argues that the Chikhachevs’ primary social ties were to a “middling” group of provincial residents composed of gentry, clerics, professionals, officials, and other townspeople, while their membership in the legal noble estate was limited to their need for patronage connections.Less
Chapter 2 examines the Chikhachevs’ world beyond the boundaries of their estates and the village by exploring their relations with their social peers, through the patronage networks of which they were part, and with the middling or undefined social estates with whom the Chikhachevs most frequently interacted in daily affairs that were both commercial/official and social in nature. This chapter argues that the Chikhachevs’ primary social ties were to a “middling” group of provincial residents composed of gentry, clerics, professionals, officials, and other townspeople, while their membership in the legal noble estate was limited to their need for patronage connections.
Robert J. Bennett
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199584734
- eISBN:
- 9780191731105
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199584734.003.0014
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
The membership is assessed in detail for the earliest chambers in terms of their geographical reach, sector structure, balance of company structures, trading markets, overlap with other networks, and ...
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The membership is assessed in detail for the earliest chambers in terms of their geographical reach, sector structure, balance of company structures, trading markets, overlap with other networks, and links to protests and religious dissent. Banking appears to have been a leading sector within chambers. Modern developments have interrelated with changes in industrial district structures, expansion of the incorporated business form, evolving networks, changes in international trade, and the expansion of small firms. A remarkable finding is the market penetration of chamber membership has stayed stable over 200 years. Pressures from the world wars and economic slumps have been relatively short-lived. Econometric analysis shows service development as the main feature associated with stronger market penetration. The only major changes to this stability have come from the 1990s, and appear to relate to the mixed signals from acting as partners with government.Less
The membership is assessed in detail for the earliest chambers in terms of their geographical reach, sector structure, balance of company structures, trading markets, overlap with other networks, and links to protests and religious dissent. Banking appears to have been a leading sector within chambers. Modern developments have interrelated with changes in industrial district structures, expansion of the incorporated business form, evolving networks, changes in international trade, and the expansion of small firms. A remarkable finding is the market penetration of chamber membership has stayed stable over 200 years. Pressures from the world wars and economic slumps have been relatively short-lived. Econometric analysis shows service development as the main feature associated with stronger market penetration. The only major changes to this stability have come from the 1990s, and appear to relate to the mixed signals from acting as partners with government.
Maria Fusaro and Amélia Polónia (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780986497339
- eISBN:
- 9781786944511
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780986497339.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This study aims to provide new insights into the connections between maritime history and global history. It demonstrates the significance of maritime activity as a conduit of global exchange by ...
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This study aims to provide new insights into the connections between maritime history and global history. It demonstrates the significance of maritime activity as a conduit of global exchange by examining local, national, and international interdependencies and trade networks, and a broad range of time periods, geographical areas, and various sub-divisions of maritime historical research. It is composed of ten essays, with an introductory chapter and concluding chapter. The first five essays discuss the effects globalisation on shipping in the early modern period; the following three discuss maritime transportation and the economics of industrialisation from the nineteenth century to the present day; the next discusses the impact of global entrepreneurialism on maritime history; the penultimate discusses the connections and variables between maritime and global history; and the concluding chapter examines the theoretical assumptions surrounding the two disciplines, using the globalisation of Early Modern Spain as a case study to do so. The study demonstrates that the core strength of maritime history is its essential place in global history, and that the process of globalisation began at sea.Less
This study aims to provide new insights into the connections between maritime history and global history. It demonstrates the significance of maritime activity as a conduit of global exchange by examining local, national, and international interdependencies and trade networks, and a broad range of time periods, geographical areas, and various sub-divisions of maritime historical research. It is composed of ten essays, with an introductory chapter and concluding chapter. The first five essays discuss the effects globalisation on shipping in the early modern period; the following three discuss maritime transportation and the economics of industrialisation from the nineteenth century to the present day; the next discusses the impact of global entrepreneurialism on maritime history; the penultimate discusses the connections and variables between maritime and global history; and the concluding chapter examines the theoretical assumptions surrounding the two disciplines, using the globalisation of Early Modern Spain as a case study to do so. The study demonstrates that the core strength of maritime history is its essential place in global history, and that the process of globalisation began at sea.
Marina Vannucci and Francesco C. Stingo
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199694587
- eISBN:
- 9780191731921
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199694587.003.0022
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Probability / Statistics
Variable selection has been the focus of much research in recent years. Bayesian methods have found many successful applications, particularly in situations where the amount of measured variables can ...
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Variable selection has been the focus of much research in recent years. Bayesian methods have found many successful applications, particularly in situations where the amount of measured variables can be much greater than the number of observations. One such example is the analysis of genomics data. In this paper we first review Bayesian variable selection methods for linear settings, including regression and classification models. We focus in particular on recent prior constructions that have been used for the analysis of genomic data and briefly describe two novel applications that integrate different sources of biological information into the analysis of experimental data. Next, we address variable selection for a different modeling context, i.e., mixture models. We address both clustering and discriminant analysis settings and conclude with an application to gene expression data for patients affected by leukemia.Less
Variable selection has been the focus of much research in recent years. Bayesian methods have found many successful applications, particularly in situations where the amount of measured variables can be much greater than the number of observations. One such example is the analysis of genomics data. In this paper we first review Bayesian variable selection methods for linear settings, including regression and classification models. We focus in particular on recent prior constructions that have been used for the analysis of genomic data and briefly describe two novel applications that integrate different sources of biological information into the analysis of experimental data. Next, we address variable selection for a different modeling context, i.e., mixture models. We address both clustering and discriminant analysis settings and conclude with an application to gene expression data for patients affected by leukemia.
Torsten Feys
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781927869000
- eISBN:
- 9781786944443
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781927869000.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This book approaches the well-documented study of European mass migration to the United States of America from the viewpoint of mass migration as a business venture. The overall purpose is to ...
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This book approaches the well-documented study of European mass migration to the United States of America from the viewpoint of mass migration as a business venture. The overall purpose is to demonstrate that maritime and migration histories are interlinked and dependent on a deeper understanding of the social, economic, and political factors at work in the nineteenth century Atlantic community. It centres on both the evolution of the port of Rotterdam as a migration gateway, and the crucial role of the Holland-America line as a regulator of the North American passenger trade. The first part of the book explores the simultaneous rise of transatlantic mass migration and long-distance steamshipping between 1830 to 1870. The second part, divided into five chapters, explores how mass migration became a big business between 1870 and 1914, and scrutinises how steamship companies organised and provided initiatives for transoceanic migration, plus the role of shipping agents and agent-networks, and how passenger services were constructed within transatlantic networks. Over the course of the text it becomes increasingly clear that by approaching mass migration as a trade issue, the role of steamship companies in the facilitation of transatlantic migration is rendered both intrinsic and pivotal. It consists of an introduction containing contextual information, two sections providing historical overviews, five chapters exploring different aspects of the shipping industry’s response to mass migration, conclusion, bibliography, and six appendices of passenger, destination, agent, and advertising statistics.Less
This book approaches the well-documented study of European mass migration to the United States of America from the viewpoint of mass migration as a business venture. The overall purpose is to demonstrate that maritime and migration histories are interlinked and dependent on a deeper understanding of the social, economic, and political factors at work in the nineteenth century Atlantic community. It centres on both the evolution of the port of Rotterdam as a migration gateway, and the crucial role of the Holland-America line as a regulator of the North American passenger trade. The first part of the book explores the simultaneous rise of transatlantic mass migration and long-distance steamshipping between 1830 to 1870. The second part, divided into five chapters, explores how mass migration became a big business between 1870 and 1914, and scrutinises how steamship companies organised and provided initiatives for transoceanic migration, plus the role of shipping agents and agent-networks, and how passenger services were constructed within transatlantic networks. Over the course of the text it becomes increasingly clear that by approaching mass migration as a trade issue, the role of steamship companies in the facilitation of transatlantic migration is rendered both intrinsic and pivotal. It consists of an introduction containing contextual information, two sections providing historical overviews, five chapters exploring different aspects of the shipping industry’s response to mass migration, conclusion, bibliography, and six appendices of passenger, destination, agent, and advertising statistics.
Silvia Marzagalli, James R. Sofka, and John McCusker (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780986497346
- eISBN:
- 9781786944504
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780986497346.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This study analyses the presence of American ships, merchants, and interests in the Mediterranean region in the first decades following the independence of the United States, and seeks to understand ...
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This study analyses the presence of American ships, merchants, and interests in the Mediterranean region in the first decades following the independence of the United States, and seeks to understand whether or not the English, Dutch, Scandinavians, and Americans invaded the region and its shipping industry in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It considers the following topics: the benefit of American neutrality during the French Revolutionary wars which enabled the growth of their shipping activities; the organisation of protection for American ships post-independence, particularly from Barbary privateers; the diplomatic efforts of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson and the relationships of convenience fostered by American powers when requesting European assistance; the development of American consular services to assist merchants and captains; the avoidance of incidents through peace and commercial treaties through to ship seizures and crew enslavement; and the impact of the Tripolitanian War (or Barbary War) on American-Mediterranean shipping. The works in this volume attempt to determine whether or not these actions can be considered an ‘invasion’. They explore the mutually beneficial aspects of American-Mediterranean trade whilst also considering the strength of the Mediterranean trade (particularly Greek) prior to American interference. It concludes by confirming the dual objectives of the American presence - to ensure open markets for their goods, and to enhance their political and military power against British, French, and North African regencies.Less
This study analyses the presence of American ships, merchants, and interests in the Mediterranean region in the first decades following the independence of the United States, and seeks to understand whether or not the English, Dutch, Scandinavians, and Americans invaded the region and its shipping industry in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It considers the following topics: the benefit of American neutrality during the French Revolutionary wars which enabled the growth of their shipping activities; the organisation of protection for American ships post-independence, particularly from Barbary privateers; the diplomatic efforts of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson and the relationships of convenience fostered by American powers when requesting European assistance; the development of American consular services to assist merchants and captains; the avoidance of incidents through peace and commercial treaties through to ship seizures and crew enslavement; and the impact of the Tripolitanian War (or Barbary War) on American-Mediterranean shipping. The works in this volume attempt to determine whether or not these actions can be considered an ‘invasion’. They explore the mutually beneficial aspects of American-Mediterranean trade whilst also considering the strength of the Mediterranean trade (particularly Greek) prior to American interference. It concludes by confirming the dual objectives of the American presence - to ensure open markets for their goods, and to enhance their political and military power against British, French, and North African regencies.
Luc Bovens and Stephan Hartmann
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199269754
- eISBN:
- 9780191601705
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199269750.003.0004
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
Introduces different interpretations of witness reliability into the models and constructs Bayesian-Network representations. Applies the models to Condorcet-style jury voting and Tversky and ...
More
Introduces different interpretations of witness reliability into the models and constructs Bayesian-Network representations. Applies the models to Condorcet-style jury voting and Tversky and Kahneman’s Linda puzzle.Less
Introduces different interpretations of witness reliability into the models and constructs Bayesian-Network representations. Applies the models to Condorcet-style jury voting and Tversky and Kahneman’s Linda puzzle.
Karin Alejandra Rosemblatt
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781469636405
- eISBN:
- 9781469636429
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469636405.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
In this history of the social and human sciences in Mexico and the United States, Karin Alejandra Rosemblatt reveals intricate connections among the development of science, the concept of race, and ...
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In this history of the social and human sciences in Mexico and the United States, Karin Alejandra Rosemblatt reveals intricate connections among the development of science, the concept of race, and policies toward indigenous peoples. Focusing on the anthropologists, sociologists, biologists, physicians, and other experts who collaborated across borders from the Mexican Revolution through World War II, Rosemblatt traces how intellectuals on both sides of the Rio Grande forged shared networks in which they discussed indigenous peoples and other ethnic minorities. In doing so, Rosemblatt argues, they refashioned race as a scientific category and consolidated their influence within their respective national policy circles. Postrevolutionary Mexican experts aimed to transform their country into a modern secular state with a dynamic economy, and central to this endeavor was learning how to “manage” racial difference and social welfare. The same concern animated U.S. New Deal policies toward Native Americans. The scientists’ border-crossing conceptions of modernity, race, evolution, and pluralism were not simple one-way impositions or appropriations, and they had significant effects. In the United States, the resulting approaches to the management of Native American affairs later shaped policies toward immigrants and black Americans, while in Mexico, officials rejected policy prescriptions they associated with U.S. intellectual imperialism and racial segregation.Less
In this history of the social and human sciences in Mexico and the United States, Karin Alejandra Rosemblatt reveals intricate connections among the development of science, the concept of race, and policies toward indigenous peoples. Focusing on the anthropologists, sociologists, biologists, physicians, and other experts who collaborated across borders from the Mexican Revolution through World War II, Rosemblatt traces how intellectuals on both sides of the Rio Grande forged shared networks in which they discussed indigenous peoples and other ethnic minorities. In doing so, Rosemblatt argues, they refashioned race as a scientific category and consolidated their influence within their respective national policy circles. Postrevolutionary Mexican experts aimed to transform their country into a modern secular state with a dynamic economy, and central to this endeavor was learning how to “manage” racial difference and social welfare. The same concern animated U.S. New Deal policies toward Native Americans. The scientists’ border-crossing conceptions of modernity, race, evolution, and pluralism were not simple one-way impositions or appropriations, and they had significant effects. In the United States, the resulting approaches to the management of Native American affairs later shaped policies toward immigrants and black Americans, while in Mexico, officials rejected policy prescriptions they associated with U.S. intellectual imperialism and racial segregation.
Ahmad S. Dallal
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781469641409
- eISBN:
- 9781469640365
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469641409.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
Replete with a cast of giants in Islamic thought and philosophy, Ahmad S. Dallal’s pathbreaking intellectual history of the eighteenth-century Muslim world challenges stale views of this period as ...
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Replete with a cast of giants in Islamic thought and philosophy, Ahmad S. Dallal’s pathbreaking intellectual history of the eighteenth-century Muslim world challenges stale views of this period as one of decline, stagnation, and the engendering of a widespread fundamentalism. Far from being moribund, Dallal argues, the eighteenth century--prior to systematic European encounters--was one of the most fertile eras in Islamic thought. Across vast Islamic territories, Dallal charts in rich detail not only how intellectuals rethought and reorganized religious knowledge but also the reception and impact of their ideas. From the banks of the Ganges to the shores of the Atlantic, commoners and elites alike embraced the appeals of Muslim thinkers who, while preserving classical styles of learning, advocated for general participation by Muslims in the definition of Islam. Dallal also uncovers the regional origins of most reform projects, showing how ideologies were forged in particular sociopolitical contexts. Reformists’ ventures were in large part successful--up until the beginnings of European colonization of the Muslim world. By the nineteenth century, the encounter with Europe changed Islamic discursive culture in significant ways into one that was largely articulated in reaction to the radical challenges of colonialism.Less
Replete with a cast of giants in Islamic thought and philosophy, Ahmad S. Dallal’s pathbreaking intellectual history of the eighteenth-century Muslim world challenges stale views of this period as one of decline, stagnation, and the engendering of a widespread fundamentalism. Far from being moribund, Dallal argues, the eighteenth century--prior to systematic European encounters--was one of the most fertile eras in Islamic thought. Across vast Islamic territories, Dallal charts in rich detail not only how intellectuals rethought and reorganized religious knowledge but also the reception and impact of their ideas. From the banks of the Ganges to the shores of the Atlantic, commoners and elites alike embraced the appeals of Muslim thinkers who, while preserving classical styles of learning, advocated for general participation by Muslims in the definition of Islam. Dallal also uncovers the regional origins of most reform projects, showing how ideologies were forged in particular sociopolitical contexts. Reformists’ ventures were in large part successful--up until the beginnings of European colonization of the Muslim world. By the nineteenth century, the encounter with Europe changed Islamic discursive culture in significant ways into one that was largely articulated in reaction to the radical challenges of colonialism.
Colin Copus
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719088322
- eISBN:
- 9781526104236
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719088322.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
The chapter examines the strategies and approaches councillors develop to interact with a wide range of players in governance networks. It explores how, if at all, councillors attempt to influence ...
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The chapter examines the strategies and approaches councillors develop to interact with a wide range of players in governance networks. It explores how, if at all, councillors attempt to influence and shape the policies of public bodies beyond the council which spend public money and make policy decisions but do so without the democratic mandate granted to the councillor and council. The chapter examines the importance of the legitimacy to act granted councillors and councils by the electoral process when it comes to navigating governance networks and how that mandate can be used to secure the accountability of un-elected bodies and decision-makers. It examines the individual choices made by councillors about whether and how they will engage in networks beyond the council and suggests that to hold networks and their participants to account councils must support councillors in this activity as a central feature of their office.Less
The chapter examines the strategies and approaches councillors develop to interact with a wide range of players in governance networks. It explores how, if at all, councillors attempt to influence and shape the policies of public bodies beyond the council which spend public money and make policy decisions but do so without the democratic mandate granted to the councillor and council. The chapter examines the importance of the legitimacy to act granted councillors and councils by the electoral process when it comes to navigating governance networks and how that mandate can be used to secure the accountability of un-elected bodies and decision-makers. It examines the individual choices made by councillors about whether and how they will engage in networks beyond the council and suggests that to hold networks and their participants to account councils must support councillors in this activity as a central feature of their office.
Tom Woodin
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780719091117
- eISBN:
- 9781526139023
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719091117.003.0008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
The forms of publishing pursued by workshops built upon an intense local interested in the histories and experiences of ordinary people. It was also well received among radical and labour movement ...
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The forms of publishing pursued by workshops built upon an intense local interested in the histories and experiences of ordinary people. It was also well received among radical and labour movement networks. It gave rise to an evangelism to encourage more people to take up writing. However, this model of a responsive readership was to be challenged in the 1980s with the weeding out of alternatives and the imposition of a limited idea of the market which served to marginalise one version of working class writing in the face of new demands for ‘quality’ writing. However, this was a two-way street in which there was an exchange of ideas between formal and informal approaches. It highlights the varied nature of markets and the way that, in certain circumstances, they could be moulded to democratic needs as well as face writers as an alien force.Less
The forms of publishing pursued by workshops built upon an intense local interested in the histories and experiences of ordinary people. It was also well received among radical and labour movement networks. It gave rise to an evangelism to encourage more people to take up writing. However, this model of a responsive readership was to be challenged in the 1980s with the weeding out of alternatives and the imposition of a limited idea of the market which served to marginalise one version of working class writing in the face of new demands for ‘quality’ writing. However, this was a two-way street in which there was an exchange of ideas between formal and informal approaches. It highlights the varied nature of markets and the way that, in certain circumstances, they could be moulded to democratic needs as well as face writers as an alien force.
Lionel Laborie
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719089886
- eISBN:
- 9781526104007
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719089886.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter examines the formation, spread, social composition and inner workings of the French Prophets as a movement. Based on extensive prosopographical research, it argues that the Camisards did ...
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This chapter examines the formation, spread, social composition and inner workings of the French Prophets as a movement. Based on extensive prosopographical research, it argues that the Camisards did not appeal to isolated individuals, but rather to pre-existing networks of diplomats, merchants, lawyers, ministers, physicians and intellectuals. It demonstrates on this basis how the Camisards capitalised on a vibrant millenarian culture upon their arrival and that beliefs in prophecy and miracles survived among all levels of the social ladder well beyond 1700. This new insight into the religious landscape of early eighteenth-century England suggests that enthusiasm transcended religious and social boundaries and therefore that it ought to be distinguished from both radical dissent and what historians call ‘popular religion’.Less
This chapter examines the formation, spread, social composition and inner workings of the French Prophets as a movement. Based on extensive prosopographical research, it argues that the Camisards did not appeal to isolated individuals, but rather to pre-existing networks of diplomats, merchants, lawyers, ministers, physicians and intellectuals. It demonstrates on this basis how the Camisards capitalised on a vibrant millenarian culture upon their arrival and that beliefs in prophecy and miracles survived among all levels of the social ladder well beyond 1700. This new insight into the religious landscape of early eighteenth-century England suggests that enthusiasm transcended religious and social boundaries and therefore that it ought to be distinguished from both radical dissent and what historians call ‘popular religion’.
Ewan Ferlie, Louise FitzGerald, Gerry McGivern, Sue Dopson, and Chris Bennett
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199603015
- eISBN:
- 9780191752995
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199603015.003.0005
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Public Management
This chapter discusses Managed Cancer Networks, which we see as ‘high performing’ networks due to their successful brokering of complex evidence-based reconfigurations of services. We examine case ...
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This chapter discusses Managed Cancer Networks, which we see as ‘high performing’ networks due to their successful brokering of complex evidence-based reconfigurations of services. We examine case studies of the ‘rural’ and ‘urban’ cancer networks, using the reconfiguration of urology services as a ‘tracer’. In both cases the networks, led by small mixed teams of hybrid clinical-managers, reconfigured urology services, despite resistance from powerful urologists having no direct statutory, managerial, or financial power over the NHS organizations within them. They ‘influenced’ NHS organizations to reconfigure urology services by persuading people that they would improve patient care by changing how they operated and highlighting national guidance, targets, and local data showing that local organizations were providing less than best clinical practice.Less
This chapter discusses Managed Cancer Networks, which we see as ‘high performing’ networks due to their successful brokering of complex evidence-based reconfigurations of services. We examine case studies of the ‘rural’ and ‘urban’ cancer networks, using the reconfiguration of urology services as a ‘tracer’. In both cases the networks, led by small mixed teams of hybrid clinical-managers, reconfigured urology services, despite resistance from powerful urologists having no direct statutory, managerial, or financial power over the NHS organizations within them. They ‘influenced’ NHS organizations to reconfigure urology services by persuading people that they would improve patient care by changing how they operated and highlighting national guidance, targets, and local data showing that local organizations were providing less than best clinical practice.
Salima Bouyarden
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780748646944
- eISBN:
- 9780748684281
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748646944.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
The chapter explores how French and British Muslim communities are politically defining themselves by creating their own identity, and how they are building their sense of belonging through ...
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The chapter explores how French and British Muslim communities are politically defining themselves by creating their own identity, and how they are building their sense of belonging through networking and laying claim to their rights. Through an analysis of British and French Muslims’ respective histories, the chapter discusses the extent to which Muslim political participation – voting patterns, political engagement and Muslim identity, as well as the relationship between these factors – has been influenced by the past. The chapter also focuses on the new patterns of present French and British Muslim political participation, and identifies the process of internalisation at work among these Muslim communities. The chapter then offers a typology of European Muslim women engaged in politics. The chapter concludes with some discussion on the existence of a ‘Muslim vote’, and finally sheds light on the birth of a European Muslim civic participation.Less
The chapter explores how French and British Muslim communities are politically defining themselves by creating their own identity, and how they are building their sense of belonging through networking and laying claim to their rights. Through an analysis of British and French Muslims’ respective histories, the chapter discusses the extent to which Muslim political participation – voting patterns, political engagement and Muslim identity, as well as the relationship between these factors – has been influenced by the past. The chapter also focuses on the new patterns of present French and British Muslim political participation, and identifies the process of internalisation at work among these Muslim communities. The chapter then offers a typology of European Muslim women engaged in politics. The chapter concludes with some discussion on the existence of a ‘Muslim vote’, and finally sheds light on the birth of a European Muslim civic participation.
