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The Pedagogy of Protection: Female Education in Madagascar, 1867–1901

Elizabeth E. Prevost

in The Communion of Women: Missions and Gender in Colonial Africa and the British Metropole

This chapter investigates the campaign for female education in Anglican missions in Madagascar through the women's wing of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, and particularly through the ... More

This chapter investigates the campaign for female education in Anglican missions in Madagascar through the women's wing of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, and particularly through the work of Emily Lawrence and Gertrude King. In the late nineteenth century, missionaries and the indigenous Merina state engaged in a collaborative effort that tied evangelism to education; however, the day‐to‐day work of evangelism involved a constant struggle over the terms and meanings of Christianity, particularly in the context of illness and healing, and the rituals surrounding rites of passage. Moreover, the French colonization of the island in 1895 undermined Protestant hegemony. This chapter traces the how the ideology and practice of residential education responded to this changing political and social context, shifting from a rescue effort for protecting young girls to a professional scheme for training Malagasy women.Less

Christianizing Womanhood in Madagascar, 1901–1923

Elizabeth E. Prevost

in The Communion of Women: Missions and Gender in Colonial Africa and the British Metropole

This chapter examines the next generation of Anglican women's mission work in Madagascar through the growth of the Mothers' Union, particularly under the leadership of Gertrude King. The MU ... More

This chapter examines the next generation of Anglican women's mission work in Madagascar through the growth of the Mothers' Union, particularly under the leadership of Gertrude King. The MU supplemented women's evangelism in two ways. First, it offered a means of building a corporate Christian community that mitigated the secularist effects of French colonial policy. Second, it conceived a sacred, ritual function for motherhood in ‘high‐church’ terms that engaged both Malagasy and British religious expression and crafted a new basis for female authority in the mission church. However, the moral regulation of membership, particularly centred on divorce, exposed the limits of the MU as an inclusive, multiracial body.Less

Remembering the Colonial Past

Rosa De Jorio

in Cultural Heritage in Mali in the Neoliberal Era

This chapter examines the state memorialization of the colonial past via narratives, practices, and visual culture. First, it briefly describes some of the ways in which French colonization was ... More

This chapter examines the state memorialization of the colonial past via narratives, practices, and visual culture. First, it briefly describes some of the ways in which French colonization was represented during the period of the one-party state (1960–1991), using them as a benchmark against which to gauge changes in those representations by the democratic and neoliberal state that followed. Second, it examines the state memorialization of French colonization since 1991, focusing on the Koulouba monument complex in Bamako, the largest series of monuments dedicated to Mali's colonial history. It details the emergence of a new narrative of colonization that suggests contacts, hybridity, and cross-feeding—a representation reflecting some of the experiences and narratives of Mali's cosmopolitan political and cultural elites. Third, it analyze Ségouvian citizens' perspectives on the government's memorialization project in light of their experience with state encroachment on their city's patrimony. This final section centers on the confrontation between the state and peripheral urban communities over the management of the colonial heritage and explores some of its political and cultural implications, including the embryonic development of a few private heritage initiatives in Ségou.Less

Revolution, Empire, and Utopia: Tocqueville and the Intellectual Background of International Law

Julie Saada

in International Law and Empire: Historical Explorations

This chapter shows how the ambivalent relationship between liberal arguments and the justifications of empire played out internationally by examining the work of Alexis de Tocqueville and Edgar ... More

This chapter shows how the ambivalent relationship between liberal arguments and the justifications of empire played out internationally by examining the work of Alexis de Tocqueville and Edgar Quinet, both writing during the colonization of Algeria. Tocqueville, the liberal-conservative, became republican-progressive when he wanted to defend the Empire, illustrating how liberal theory can become imperialist when it integrates elements drawn from classical republicanism. Quinet, the anti-clerical republican, supported a colonial imperialism based upon a philosophy of history that gave a specific role to Islam and the French Revolution, considering them as historical realizations of utopias. From a methodological viewpoint, understanding the links between international law and empire requires an analysis of the circulation of ideas between distant, and even opposed, doctrines. It requires also to confront global theories (liberalism, imperialism) within an empirical context in order to understand how they are diffracted through the contextualized positions of situated actors.Less

Mouloud Feraoun: Life Story, Life-Writing, History

in Autobiography and Independence: Selfhood and Creativity in North African Postcolonial Writing in French

This chapter examines the work of Mouloud Feraoun, covering Le Fils du pauvre (1950) and his published letters and diaries, which have received less critical attention. The aim is to follow the ... More

This chapter examines the work of Mouloud Feraoun, covering Le Fils du pauvre (1950) and his published letters and diaries, which have received less critical attention. The aim is to follow the construction of a life story through expression in different narrative forms. Feraoun is also an important starting point because his life story bears witness not only to a childhood and youth spent under French colonisation, but also to the events leading to independence in Algeria, which stand at one extreme of the experience of colonisation in the Francophone world.Less

Conclusion

Adrian Muckle

in Specters of Violence in a Colonial Context: New Caledonia, 1917

This concluding chapter reiterates that the circumstances in which the war broke out at Tiamou in April 1917 provided an opportunity to examine the place of fear, rumor, and violence in attempts to ... More

This concluding chapter reiterates that the circumstances in which the war broke out at Tiamou in April 1917 provided an opportunity to examine the place of fear, rumor, and violence in attempts to maintain colonial power relations. War was not the result of an innocent misunderstanding or mutual incomprehension. Nor was it a product of wild settler imaginations, unprovoked Kanak aggression, or a “savage” reflex. Threats by colonial administrators and their intermediaries during recruitment for the war in Europe were one immediate catalyst. For those on the receiving end, threats were heightened by the specter of arbitrary arrest and grievances accumulated over six decades of French colonization as well as personal and collective enmities, rivalries, and insults.Less