Johan P. Mackenbach
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- October 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198831419
- eISBN:
- 9780191869112
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198831419.003.0004
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Chapter 4 (‘Patterns of health inequalities explained’) is based on in-depth studies of the macro-level determinants of health inequalities, especially conducted for this book. It shows that the ...
More
Chapter 4 (‘Patterns of health inequalities explained’) is based on in-depth studies of the macro-level determinants of health inequalities, especially conducted for this book. It shows that the persistence of health inequalities is partly due to broader changes in society, such as educational expansion, increasing rates of intergenerational mobility, and more intermarriage of highly educated people. Another factor is that health improvements have been faster in higher than in lower socioeconomic groups, also because higher socioeconomic groups have benefited more from rising prosperity and rising health care expenditure, and have suffered less negative health impacts from rising income inequality and the transition towards liberal democracy in Central and Eastern Europe. Finally, it demonstrates the importance of the continued social patterning of health determinants, particularly poverty and smoking. It ends with a summary of how differences in the magnitude of health inequalities between European regions (North, South, East) should be understood.Less
Chapter 4 (‘Patterns of health inequalities explained’) is based on in-depth studies of the macro-level determinants of health inequalities, especially conducted for this book. It shows that the persistence of health inequalities is partly due to broader changes in society, such as educational expansion, increasing rates of intergenerational mobility, and more intermarriage of highly educated people. Another factor is that health improvements have been faster in higher than in lower socioeconomic groups, also because higher socioeconomic groups have benefited more from rising prosperity and rising health care expenditure, and have suffered less negative health impacts from rising income inequality and the transition towards liberal democracy in Central and Eastern Europe. Finally, it demonstrates the importance of the continued social patterning of health determinants, particularly poverty and smoking. It ends with a summary of how differences in the magnitude of health inequalities between European regions (North, South, East) should be understood.
Gabriel Gulis
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199656011
- eISBN:
- 9780191748028
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199656011.003.0022
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Twelve new countries joined the European Union in 2004 or 2007. Ten of them were former communist countries while the other two were Malta and Cyprus. Negotiations have also been launched with other ...
More
Twelve new countries joined the European Union in 2004 or 2007. Ten of them were former communist countries while the other two were Malta and Cyprus. Negotiations have also been launched with other countries including Turkey and later Croatia and Serbia. With the exception of Malta, Cyprus and Turkey all those countries shared a common past being part of the communist block for decades. As such, they operate very similar health systems oriented toward extensive hospital development, polyclinics and traditional state based systems of health protection covering hygiene and sanitation control. Changing political and societal conditions naturally lead to changes in health systems. Health protection became more influenced by modern public health ideas of disease prevention and health promotion. The search for new ways of working provided a reason for interest in health impact assessment (HIA).Less
Twelve new countries joined the European Union in 2004 or 2007. Ten of them were former communist countries while the other two were Malta and Cyprus. Negotiations have also been launched with other countries including Turkey and later Croatia and Serbia. With the exception of Malta, Cyprus and Turkey all those countries shared a common past being part of the communist block for decades. As such, they operate very similar health systems oriented toward extensive hospital development, polyclinics and traditional state based systems of health protection covering hygiene and sanitation control. Changing political and societal conditions naturally lead to changes in health systems. Health protection became more influenced by modern public health ideas of disease prevention and health promotion. The search for new ways of working provided a reason for interest in health impact assessment (HIA).
